杜仲叶黄酮的超声提取及其抗氧化性研究

采用单因素和正交试验,优化了超声提取杜仲叶黄酮的最佳工艺条件。以杜仲叶为原料,40%乙醇为提取液,m(杜仲叶)∶m(提取液)=1∶60,浸泡2.5 h后,每次超声1 h,重复处理2次。在该条件下,黄酮提取率为17.14%。同时,测定了杜仲叶黄酮的体外抗氧化能力。研究表明,杜仲叶黄酮对羟自由基、超氧阴离子均有较强的清除作用,而且随着黄酮添加量的增大而增大,是一种天然有效的抗氧化剂。     

超声波法提取牡荆总黄酮的工艺及其抗氧化活性的研究

[目的]研究牡荆总黄酮的最佳提取工艺及其抗氧化活性。[方法]以牡荆叶片为材料,采用单因素和正交试验研究乙醇浓度、固液比、超声时间及超声功率对总黄酮提取率的影响,在此基础上对提取工艺进行优化;以大鼠肝匀浆为材料,测定牡荆总黄酮的抗氧化活性。[结果]各因素对总黄酮提取率的影响由大到小依次为：乙醇浓度〉超声时间〉固液比〉超声功率,当乙醇浓度为30%、固液比为1∶10-1∶20、超声时间为30-60 m in、超声功率为600 W时,总黄酮提取率较高;优化后的提取工艺为：乙醇浓度40%,固液比1∶20,超声时间60 m in,超声功率600 W,此条件下总黄酮提取率为5.886%。[结论]牡荆总黄酮具有较强的抗氧化活性,且在0-0.125 5范围内具有较好的量效关系。     

圆形网箱浮架系统的受力特性研究

运用线性波浪理论和刚体运动学原理,建立了波浪作用下网箱浮架系统的计算模型.在不同波高(H=4.2～7.0 m)和周期(T=7.2、8.6 s)条件下,采用计算机数值模拟方法,分别对浮架系统所受的锚绳力、波浪力以及合力矩进行了数值计算.通过计算结果的比较及分析表明,三者都随波高的增大而有所增大,其中迎浪侧锚绳力和水平波浪力与波高都有显著的正比关系.在各种不同波况下,迎浪侧锚绳力要大于背浪侧锚绳力,水平波浪力要大于垂直波浪力.     

高频引力波在电磁环形腔焦点区域的时空扰动效应

基于弱场条件,计算了在柱坐标下由电磁环形腔中强电磁简正模在其焦点区域产生的引力驻波的第二类克氏联络、里奇张量、曲率标量及其能量密度.研究发现,在焦点区域的引力驻波的能量密度是正定的.此外,讨论了该引力驻波的能量密度和时空的曲率标量的关系.高Q值强场环形微波腔以及受控核聚变的Tokamak装置均具有轴对称的特点,并可作为可能的潜在高频引力波源.     

响应面优化甘草浸膏中甘草酸超声提取工艺

[目的]利用响应面法优化超声提取甘草浸膏中甘草酸的工艺条件。[方法]在乙醇浓度、超声波时间及料液比等单因素试验的基础上,根据Box-Behnken的中心组合设计原理采用3因素3水平的响应面分析法优化超声波提取甘草酸的工艺条件。[结果]超声提取甘草酸的最佳工艺条件为乙醇浓度70%、超声波时间30 min、料液比2.8 g/L,在此条件下甘草酸含量为8.34%。[结论]建立了甘草浸膏中甘草酸超声提取最佳工艺条件,为甘草浸膏的精深加工及进一步研究甘草酸在食品和医药领域产业化应用提供理论依据。     

RTK技术解析及在工程测量中的应用

GPS（RTK）改变了传统的测量方式,使原本复杂、费时、费力的工作变得简单,它的出现是测绘行业发展的重大里程碑,对测绘行业的发展起到巨大的推动作用。     

超声处理对碱法制备蚕蛹蛋白条件的优化

通过单因素分析及响应面优化,研究超声处理对碱法制备蚕蛹蛋白得率的影响,得到了蚕蛹蛋白得率的数学模型,优化了制备条件,提高了碱法制备蚕蛹蛋白的得率。结果表明:NaOH浓度和液固比(V/m)对蚕蛹蛋白得率影响显著(p0.05)。蚕蛹蛋白浸提的最佳工艺条件为:超声功率400 W,超声时间20 min,浸提液固比(V/m)60∶1,NaOH浓度0.3%。在此工艺条件下,蚕蛹蛋白的得率为88.14%。制备的蚕蛹蛋白中的必需氨基酸含量符合FAO/WHO推荐标准,可以作为食品基料使用。     

川贝中生物碱提取工艺优化

为优化川贝中生物碱的提取工艺,采用超声辅助酸性醇提取法,选取pH值、乙醇体积分数、超声时间、料液比作为考察条件进行单因素试验,并进行L9(34)正交试验。结果表明,pH值、乙醇体积分数对生物碱提取的影响较大。川贝中总生物碱的最优提取组合为A1B2C3D1,即pH值为1,乙醇体积分数50%,超声时间75min,料液比1:10。     

2种提取方法测定大野荞植物叶中的黄酮含量

[目的]比较2种方法测定荞麦黄酮含量的效果。[方法]采用水浴提取和超声提取2种方法,用紫外分光光度计测定大野荞叶中总黄酮含量。[结果]测定大野荞植物叶中黄酮含量的最适波长为420 nm,超声提取法和水浴提取法所得大野荞叶中平均总黄酮含量分别为5.26%和5.40%,且水浴提取法所得平均总黄酮含量极显著高于超声提取法。[结论]该研究结果对改进荞麦黄酮含量测定方法具有重要意义。     

Evaluation of ultrasonic sensor for variable-rate spray applications

Automatic variable-rate sprayers require accurate measurement of canopy size. An estimate of canopy size is made by measuring the distance to the canopy at several elevations above the ground; an ultrasonic sensor was used to determine canopy distance in this study. It is sometimes necessary to conduct spray operations during harsh operating conditions. In this study ultrasonic sensors were subjected to simulated environmental and operating conditions to determine their durability and accuracy. Conditions tested included exposure to extended cold, outdoor temperatures, cross winds, temperature change, dust clouds, travel speeds and spray cloud effects. The root mean square (RMS) error in a series of measurements of the distance to a simulated plant canopy was used to test for significant difference among treatments. After exposure to outdoor cold conditions for 4 months, the RMS error in distance measured by the ultrasonic sensor increased from 3.31 to 3.55 cm, which was not statistically significant. Neither the presence of dust cloud nor the changes in cross-wind speeds over a range from 1.5-7.5 m/s had significant effects on the mean RMS errors. Varying sensor travel speed from 0.8 to 3.0 m/s had no significant influence on sensor detection distances. Increasing ambient temperature from 16.7 to 41.6 °C reduced the detection distance by 5.0 cm. The physical location of the spray nozzle with respect to the ultrasonic sensor had a significant effect on mean RMS errors. The mean RMS errors of sensor distance measurements ranged from 2.3 to 83.0 cm. The RMS errors could be reduced to acceptable values by proper controlling the sensor/spray nozzles spacing on a sprayer. In addition, multiple-synchronized sensors were tested for their measurement stability and accuracy (due to possible cross-talk errors) when mounted on a prototype sprayer. It was found that isolating the pathway of the ultrasonic wave of each sensor reduced detecting interference between sensors during multiple sensor operation. Test methods presented herein may be useful in the design of standardized testing protocols for field use distance sensors.