Swimming depths of the giant jellyfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nemopilema nomurai</Emphasis> investigated using pop-up archival transmitting tags and ultrasonic pingers

The swimming depths of 12 individual Nemopilema nomurai with bell diameters of 0.8–1.6 m were investigated using pop-up archival transmitting tags and ultrasonic pingers, and the validity of the research method was evaluated. The N. nomurai studied frequently showed vertical movement, with the swimming depth ranging from 0 to 176 m, The mean swimming depths of most individuals were less than 40 m. The swimming depths of N. nomurai in the northern Japan Sea in the winter were mostly deeper than those of this species in the southern Japan Sea in the autumn. This result suggests that the range of the depths almost depends on the vertical structure of the ocean. Swimming depths during the nighttime were significantly deeper than those during the daytime. More specifically, during the daytime, the swimming depths in the afternoon tended to be shallower than those in the morning, while during the nighttime, the swimming depths after midnight were deeper than those before midnight.     

维药阿育魏果中总黄酮提取工艺及含量测定

[目的]探讨阿育魏果中总黄酮的提取方法及含量测定方法。[方法]采用正交试验,以提取的总黄酮的含量为评价指标,紫外可见分光光度法测定总黄酮含量。[结果]超声法提取阿育魏果中总黄酮的含量为10.378%,相对标准偏差为2.38%(n=3)。最优工艺如下:时间为15 min,功率为150 W,料液比为1∶20,乙醇浓度为70%。上述4个因素对阿育魏果中总黄酮提取率的影响从大到小依次为乙醇浓度、料液比、超声功率和超声时间。[结论]超声提取阿育魏果中总黄酮快速且高效;紫外外分光光度法准确度较高,偏差较小。     

果树冠层参数实时检测系统

为了降低农药喷施环境污染和提高水果品质,实现果园果树仿形精确喷雾,建立了一套果树冠层参数的实时检测系统.该系统主要由作物识别系统、车辆姿态系统、主控单元和数据记录单元组成,采用CAN总线进行数据通信.对5棵临近的绿篱树进行了初步的靶标距离检测试验,试验重复3次.采用4个超声波传感器分时检测,拖拉机前进速度为0.3m/s,系统采样速率为5次/s.试验表明,系统能可靠地按一定的采样速率,实时检测和记录系统载体车辆位置、姿态(地面平整度)和果树靶标的距离等数据,为精确仿形喷雾提供了一个较好的喷雾控制平台.     

苦瓜总皂甙含量测定及超声提取最佳条件的研究

建立了苦瓜总皂甙的超声提取和分光光度测定方法,并优化了超声提取的提取温度、乙醇浓度、料液比和提取时间等因素。结果显示,超声波提取法最佳工艺组合为:70%乙醇,液料比为30∶1,振荡频率为60%,70℃超声提取30 m in/次,重复提取2次;且分光光度测定法操作简便、快速、准确,可作为苦瓜制品提取及质量评价方法。     

The localization and expression of epidermal growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor in bovine ovary during oestrous cycle

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is one of the important regulatory factors of EGF family. EGF has been indicated to effectively inhibit the apoptosis of follicular cells, to promote the proliferation of granulosa cells and the maturation of oocytes, and to induce ovulation process via binding to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, little is known about the distribution and expression of EGF and EGFR in cattle ovary especially during oestrous cycle. In this study, the localization and expression rule of EGF and EGFR in cattle ovaries of follicular phase and luteal phase at different time points in oestrous cycle were investigated by using IHC and real-time qPCR. The results showed that EGF and EGFR in cattle ovary were mainly expressed in granulosa cells, cumulus cells, oocytes, zona pellucida, follicular fluid and theca folliculi externa of follicles. The protein and mRNA expression of EGF/EGFR in follicles changed regularly with the follicular growth wave both in follicular and in luteal phase ovaries. In follicular phase ovaries, the protein expression of EGF and EGFR was higher in antral follicles than that of those in other follicles during follicular growth stage, and the mRNA expression of EGFR was also increased in stage of dominant follicle selection. However, in luteal phase ovaries, the growth of follicles was impeded during corpus luteum development under the action of progesterone secreted by granular lutein cell. The mRNA and protein expressions of EGF and EGFR in ovarian follicles during oestrous cycle indicate that they play a role in promoting follicular development in follicular growth waves and mediating the selection process of dominant follicles.     

响应面法优化超声波提取核桃油工艺的研究

应用超声波法辅助浸提核桃油,在单因素实验的基础上,通过Box-Benhnken中心组合实验,确定超声波辅助提取核桃油的最佳工艺条件为:正己烷作提取溶剂,液料比为7(mL∶g),提取温度53℃,超声时间48 min,超声波功率120 W,核桃油提取率达到61.91%。     

1971-2014年新疆区域寒潮气候特征

利用1971-2014年新疆105个台站逐日最低气温资料,分析了新疆寒潮天气的时空变化特征.结果表明:①新疆单站寒潮北疆多、东疆次之、南疆少,阿勒泰地区发生频次最高,其次是哈密北部、巴音布鲁克和塔城大部地区,南疆中西部地区发生频次最少.新疆区域寒潮天气冬季最多、秋季和春季次之,2月发生频次最高;春季寒潮主要集中在3-4月,秋季寒潮主要在10-11月.②新疆寒潮影响区域主要在北疆地区,其次是东疆、南疆东部,南疆西部影响次数最少.春季主要影响区域为北疆东部、沿天山一带和南疆东部;秋季为东疆、北疆沿天山以及北疆东部和北部地区;冬季为北疆东部和沿天山一带.③新疆区域寒潮过程一般持续3～7d,过程极端最低气温主要出现在寒潮爆发当天或次日,极端气温出现时间延迟天数不超过4d.寒潮过程最低气温24 h平均降幅在10.7℃,最大19.3℃,单站最大25.3℃;寒潮过程平均降温14℃,最大达18.8℃,单站最大32.7℃.     

激波传播与云空化脱落过程脉动冲击研究

使用实验与数值模拟相结合的方法对NACA0015水翼的云空化流动和压力脉动进行了研究,分析了激波主导下的云空化脱落机理和脉动冲击。实验在空化水洞中进行,采用压力传感器记录监测点压力脉动信息,并使用高速摄像技术捕获空泡形态。通过数值计算,捕捉对应监测点的压力脉动情况,并基于FBM-DCM方法对SST湍流模型进行修正,获取了非定常流动过程中的空化特性。结果表明：可压缩修正后的SST模型很好地捕捉到了大尺度云空化溃灭后形成的激波在吸力面上的传播过程。空泡覆盖区域,压力处于较低水平。激波在传播过程中会导致当地压力的回升。NACA0015水翼在水温33℃、攻角12°、空化数1.4下,模拟得到激波在46%弦长和32%弦长之间的传播速度约为11.53m/s,实验得到激波在该区域传播速度为11.31m/s,二者在数值上较为接近。     

不同方法提取烟叶中的茄尼醇及其生物活性研究

[目的]筛选烟叶中茄尼醇合适的提取方法。[方法]采用1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)法和琼脂平板扩散法,考察3种方法提取的烟叶中茄尼醇的抗氧化性和抑菌活性。[结果]索氏提取、超声提取和超临界提取的皂化后烟叶粉末中的茄尼醇对DPPH的半清除率IC50分别为56.435、4.774、9.48 mg/L,索氏提取、超声提取的未皂化烟叶中的茄尼醇对DPPH的IC50分别为47.224、4.45 mg/L,对照Vc的IC50为13.89 mg/L,茄尼醇和Vc等体积混合清除DPPH的曲线介于两者之间。不同方法提取的茄尼醇的抑菌活性由强到弱依次为:超临界提取>索氏提取>超声提取。皂化对提取物的抗氧化性和抑菌活性都有负面影响。[结论]不同方法提取的烟叶中茄尼醇生物活性由强到弱依次为:超临界提取>索氏提取>超声提取。     

超声波流量计的测流原理及其应用研究

本文阐述了超声波流量计常用的时差法、多普勒法的测流原理,以及超声波流量计的分类。通过实际测流应用并与流速仪所测的流量结果做了对比分析,得出超声波流量计无论在测流准确度还是在测流精度上都比其它的测流设备高,而且具有其它测流设备所不具备的实时在线和数据远传的优越性能。