渗糖方式对加应子果脯营养、香气及果肉结构的影响

加应子果脯是广式蜜饯的代表性产品,糖渍是加应子制作过程中重要的环节。传统糖渍工艺主要利用高浓度糖液浸渍产生的渗透压促使果蔬组织脱水,但存在渗糖耗时长、生产效率低、营养及风味损失较严重等问题。为解决上述问题,基于电子鼻、扫描电镜等检测方法及模糊数学感官评价法,以传统热渗糖为对照,对比分析真空渗糖、微波渗糖、超声波渗糖方式对加应子渗糖速率、营养成分、香气品质、感官品质及果肉微观结构的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,3种新渗糖方式均显著提高了渗糖速率,以微波渗糖最高,真空渗糖次之;但在营养素及特征香味物质保留方面,真空渗糖产品的总酚、类黄酮、花色苷等抗氧化成分含量,醇类、醛酮香气成分响应值均显著优于对照（P<0.05）,而微波渗糖则显著劣于对照（P<0.05）,超声波渗糖与对照差异不显著（P>0.05）。4种渗糖方式中,真空渗糖制备的加应子果脯营养、感官及香气品质均最佳,总酚、类黄酮和花色苷含量分别达到2.69 mg/g、5.44 mg/g、4.45 mg/100g;DPPH和ABTS⁺自由基清除能力、铁离子还原能力分别达到14.23、128.54、35.61 mmol/g;感官评分为85.73分,电子鼻传感器W2S（对醇类及醛酮类灵敏）的响应值为29.65;渗糖速率排在第二位,干燥终点的总糖含量达63.05%;真空渗糖对果肉细胞结构的破坏程度低,能保持较高的营养,是制备高品质三华李加应子的优选渗糖方法。微波渗糖速率最高,干燥终点的总糖含量达65.79%,但果脯营养与香味损失最大,果肉细胞结构破坏严重。超声波渗糖速率略高于对照,营养及感官品质接近,果肉细胞结构差异不明显。本研究结果为果脯加工过程中渗糖工艺的选择提供了参考依据。     

不同产地川芎种质与藁本、辽藁本的ITS2序列分析

对6省9个不同地区川芎种质、藁本及辽藁本样品的ITS2序列进行分析,并采用NJ法构建分子系统树。结果显示:9个川芎种质、藁本与辽藁本的ITS2序列共有220个保守位点和8个变异位点,其中信息位点4个,单一变异位点4个。藁本、辽藁本与川芎间GC含量相近,变异位点相似,平均K2P遗传距离分别为0.008,0.011,小于川芎种内遗传距离0.013。NJ进化树分析显示,各地川芎种质、藁本、辽藁本间有着极为亲密的亲缘关系。结合前人本草考证的结果,对川芎的起源、川芎种质间的亲缘关系进行了讨论,首次提出辽藁本也可能是非主栽川芎种质野生种源的观点。     

Characterisation of thirteen cowpea landraces from Umbria (Italy). Strategy for their conservation and promotion

Thirteen landraces of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata cv. gr. Unguiculata) have been morphologically and agronomically characterised as part of a plan for safeguarding and protecting plant biodiversity typical of Lake Trasimeno (Umbria, central Italy). Sixty plants per accession were scored for plant vigour, growth habit, flower colour, days to flowering, days to first mature pod, pod length, total number of pods produced, seed colour pattern, 100 seed weight, total seed yield and virus susceptibility. With the exception of vigour and growth habit, all landraces appeared to be well differentiated from one another for all the characters considered. Strategies and problems related to their in situ conservation are discussed.     

Stability of landscape trees in engineered and conventional urban soil mixes

Urban trees are frequently exposed to unsuitable soil conditions that can hamper root system development, potentially affecting both tree health and stability. Engineered soil designs have been developed to increase soil volume for trees planted in confined spaces, and past research has shown that these designs improve growing conditions. However, tree stability in these engineered soils has received limited attention from researchers. In this study, we evaluated the stability of two tree species of contrasting soil quality tolerance (Prunus serrulata and Ulmus parvifolia) after 3 years growth in two skeletal soil mixes, in a suspended pavement design (uncompacted soil), and in a conventionally prepared soil pit. Tree stability was evaluated by measuring trunk resistance to a lateral deflecting force applied with a rope winch system under both ambient and near-saturated soil conditions. Although heavily irrigating the experimental soils had no effect on tree stability, species-specific responses to soil mixes were observed. P. serrulata grown in the gravel-based skeletal soil showed greater trunk deflection resistance than trees grown in the other soil treatments, yet the stability of U. parvifolia was unaffected by soil type. These species-specific responses were consistent with earlier observations of root development in which P. serrulata grew up to 60 times greater root length in gravel-based skeletal soil whereas U. parvifolia root growth was similar in all soil treatments. This research provides evidence that certain tree species planted in conventional tree pits may be more prone to uprooting due to poor root development and that root anchorage might be improved for these species by utilizing a skeletal soil mix.     

几种木本园艺植物塑料袋内密封扦插试验

本文报道在食品保鲜袋内密封扦插桂花、樱花、甜樱桃和苹果的试验结果。当年生半木质化至完全木质化插条经生根促进剂处理后，密封扦插在食品保鲜袋内的湿润基质上，放置空旷处，夏秋高温季节晴天适度遮阴。结果表明，塑料袋内的温度较稳定，基质始终保持刚扦插时的湿润状态，插条叶片全部或部分保持饱满、挺立。插条一周左右即可产生愈伤组织，３─４周便可出根。尽管在几种材料上获得的生根率差异较大，但都成功地生了根。在以“峨嵋仙土”为扦插基质，６月份晴天１０：００─１７：００时遮阴的条件下，樱花的生根率达７０％以上。     

木霉菌对苹果主要真菌病害的抑制及其在土壤中的定殖作用

以胶东半岛老的果园中土壤为试材,采用逐步稀释法,涂平板于孟加拉红培养基中,根据形态和分子方法鉴定分离木霉菌。分离出的木霉菌与苹果主要病害对峙培养在不同pH的培养基上,观察不同pH条件下,对真菌病害的抑制效果。土壤有机质和pH是目前胶东果园的主要问题,采用正交法设计,研究了不同的土壤条件对木霉菌生长的影响。结果表明:在不同pH条件下,木霉菌抑制苹果病原真菌的效果不同,木霉菌在不同的pH条件下对腐烂病(Valsa mali)和炭疽病(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)均可以抑制,但对轮纹病(Physalospora piricola Nose)只有在pH 6.0时没有效果外,其它pH时都对轮纹病有抑制作用。在土壤pH 6.5和土壤有机质含量为75 g·kg^-1时,最有利于木霉菌定殖。同时还发现木霉菌对土壤的pH具有调节作用,无论在碱性条件下,还是酸性条件下,均可以使土壤pH趋于中性,另外木霉菌可以增加土壤有机质含量,特别是在高土壤有机质含量的情况下,增加更加显著。总之,分离出的木霉菌对苹果腐烂病、炭疽病和轮纹病抑制效果好。土壤pH和有机质含量对木霉菌的生长有影响,高土壤有机质含量和中性土壤有利于木霉菌定殖。另外,木霉菌能有效地改良土壤有机质含量和土壤pH。     

大通地区金叶垂榆引种试验

目前城镇绿化树种单一,彩叶绿化乔木树种成为城乡绿化中的点缀佳品,大通地区引种金叶垂榆可为城镇绿化苗木增加了一个新品种,本文介绍了大通引种的金叶垂榆的物候期、生长情况和成活率。     

罗田垂枝杉优树选择初报

罗田垂枝杉是杉木优良变异类型,其显著特征是7 a以上老枝自然脱落,树干通直,可通过密植提高单位面积产量。为获得优良繁殖材料,在分布于不同地点的5片罗田垂枝杉人工林中初步选出64株优树,入选比率在3.10%～4.03%之间。分析结果表明:罗田垂枝杉不同无性系间主要生长性状存在显著变异,其中材积变异系数均在30%以上。天堂寨林场及薄刀峰林场的献旗岭、铁岭坳和麻栗坪人工林中初选优树平均材积分别是其林分材积均值的1.59,1.44,1.67和1.96倍。     

香蕉14-3-3蛋白基因Ma-14-3-3d的克隆及序列分析(英文)

[Objective] The aim of the study is to clone and analyze the gene encoding 14-3-3 protein from banana. [Method] Combined with PCR amplification, RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) technique was employed to clone 14-3-3 gene from banana; then the amplified sequence was sequenced and homologically analyzed. [Result] A new cDNA homologous with 14-3-3 protein genes were obtained by RT-PCR and RACE ( rapid amplification of cDNA ends ) approaches. The full length of this cDNA was 866 bp encoding 197 amino acids. Alignment of deduced amino acid sequence with those from other plants revealed that the cDNA shared high homology with 14-3-3 protein genes from other plants, and was designated as Musa acuminata 14-3-3 gene (Ma-14-3-3d). Phylogenetic analysis reveals that Ma-14-3-3d has closer genetic relationship with those from monocotyledon species than those from other species. [Conclusion] Ma-14-3-3d belongs to the same lineage of 14-3-3 from monocotyledon.     

金心扶芳藤组培快繁技术研究

为加快金心扶芳藤在园林绿化中的应用,以其带腋芽的茎段为材料,筛选其初代、增殖及生根培养基,建立组培快繁技术体系。结果表明:金心扶芳藤较适宜的初代诱导培养基为MS+BA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.05mg/L,芽的诱导率达96.0%;较适宜的增殖培养基为MS+BA 5.0 mg/L+IBA 0.08 mg/L+NAA 0.06 mg/L,芽的增殖系数达3.9;较适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 2.0 mg/L,苗木生根率达100%,平均根数7.8条,根长4.5 cm。