高寒珠芽蓼草甸植被生物量的季节动态特征

调查了甘肃省天祝县珠芽蓼高寒草甸,结果表明,调查草甸的主要植物有26种,隶属13科23属。其中珠芽蓼(0.148)为优势种,次优势种有乳白香青、球花蒿、线叶嵩草等。通过对珠芽蓼草甸群落组成和结构的季节动态的研究分析发现,地上植物量在整个生长季中表现为单峰曲线,地下植物量变化呈现“V”型曲线,环境因子是制约珠芽蓼草甸植物生长发育和植物量的主导因子。     

外源NO对渗透胁迫下黑麦草种子萌发及活性氧代谢的影响

以黑麦草为试材,研究了一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(SNP)对聚乙二醇6000渗透胁迫下种子萌发、幼苗叶片活性氧代谢和渗透溶质积累的影响,探讨外源NO对渗透胁迫下牧草生理响应的调节作用.结果表明:100μmol/L SNP显著提高了渗透胁迫下黑麦草种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数,缓解了植株鲜重和干重的下降幅度,提高了幼苗叶片SOD、POD、APX、质膜H+-ATPase活性及谷胱甘肽、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸、脯氨酸、K+、Na+含量和植株含水量,降低了O2-.产生速率及H2O2、丙二醛和可溶性蛋白含量.表明外源NO能够促进渗透胁迫下黑麦草种子的萌发,对渗透胁迫引起的黑麦草幼苗膜脂过氧化具有缓解作用.     

番茄枯萎病致病镰刀菌种类鉴定及优势种群的研究

<正>镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)是真菌的一个重要属,分布极为广泛,是多种重要植物的病原菌。其中,由致病性尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)侵染引起的植物枯萎病是一种世界性的土传真菌病害。病菌从植物根部侵入,扩展进入维管束,造成植株枯死,在植株的全生育期均可发生,给生产带来了巨大的损失。国内外已报道的被严重为害的作物有棉花、甘蔗、香蕉、番茄、黄瓜、哈密瓜、西瓜、大     

商丘市道路绿化现状与分析

为做好商丘市树种规划与选择,笔者对商丘市城市道路绿化现状进行调查。结果表明,商丘市道路绿化中栽植的植物共167种(包括12个品种及变种),隶属42科,城区中的15条道路,整体配置模式有一板二带式、二板三带式、三板四带式,四板五带式,共有行道树树种15个,分车带绿化植物约有72种。研究分析了商丘市区道路绿化的现状及存在的问题,在此基础上提出了商丘市城市道路绿化的发展对策。     

Human Impacts on Forest Biodiversity in Protected Walnut-Fruit Forests in Kyrgyzstan

We used a spatially explicit model of forest dynamics, supported by empirical field data and socioeconomic data, to examine the impacts of human disturbances on a protected forest landscape in Kyrgyzstan. Local use of 27 fruit and nut species was recorded and modeled. Results indicated that in the presence of fuelwood cutting with or without grazing, species of high socioeconomic importance such as Juglans regia, Malus spp., and Armeniaca vulgaris were largely eliminated from the landscape after 50–150 yr. In the absence of disturbance or in the presence of grazing only, decline of these species occurred at a much lower rate, owing to competitive interactions between tree species. This suggests that the current intensity of fuelwood harvesting is not sustainable. Conversely, current grazing intensities were found to have relatively little impact on forest structure and composition, and could potentially play a positive role in supporting regeneration of tree species. These results indicate that both positive and negative impacts on biodiversity can arise from human populations living within a protected area. Potentially, these could be reconciled through the development of participatory approaches to conservation management within this reserve, to ensure the maintenance of its high conservation value while meeting human needs.     

Woody species composition,diversity and structure of riparian forests of four watercourses types in Burkina Faso

Riparian forests are classified as endangered ecosystems in general,particularly in sahelian countries like Burkina Faso because of human-induced alterations and civil engineering works.The modification of this important habitat is continuing,with little attention being paid to the ecological or human consequences of these changes.The objective of this study is to describe the variation of woody species diversity and dynamic in riparian forests on different type of watercourse banks along phytogeographical gradient in Burkina Faso.All woody species were systematically measured in 90 sample plots with sides of 50 m × 20 m.Density,dominance,frequency and species and family importance values were computed to characterize the species composition.Different diver-sity indices were calculated to examine the heterogeneity of riparian forests.A total of 196 species representing 139 genera and 51 families were recorded in the overall riparian forests.The species richness of individuals with dbh ≥ 5cm increased significantly from the North to the South along the phytogeographical gradient and varied significantly between the different types of riparian forests.Similarity in tree species composition between riparian forests was low,which indicates high beta diversity and reflects differences in habitat conditions and topography.The structural characteristics varied significantly along the phyto-geographical gradient and between the different types of riparian forests.The diameter class distribution of trees in all riparian forests showed a reverse "J" shaped curve except riparian forest of stream indicating vegetation dominated by juvenile individuals.Considering the ecological importance of riparian forest,there is a need to delineate and classify them along watercourses throughout the country.     

大鸿寨山野生黄栌生态学特性及应用

为查清河南省禹州市大鸿寨山野生黄栌种群的生态学特征,解决其种质资源的有效保护和可持续利用问题,采用植物群落野外调查方法和地理信息系统技术研究了大鸿寨山野生黄栌的种群类型、生态特性.结果表明,大鸿寨山野生黄栌有3个变种;有5种植被型,其中1种为纯林,4种为混生灌丛,经种群数量特征量化分析,属于大鸿寨山山地旱生生境的优势生态类群大多分布于山顶、缓坡上,具有耐土壤干旱、耐寒、种子萌发力强等特点,既可以做山地次生林改造时的保留树种,又可以当园林绿化观赏、药用、化工原料等资源型植物,具有较大的综合开发应用价值,应加快其野生引种技术的研究,兼顾保护与合理利用.     

北京市农业野生植物资源普查与研究

通过2003-2007年的普查,首次查明了北京市农业野生植物种类和分布现状。普查结果表明,北京市农业野生植物有1084种,其中国家级农业野生保护植物1种;国家级野生药用植物13种;新记录野生植物54种;外来入侵植物76种;珍稀濒危植物93种,为北京市编制重点保护野生植物名录,开展野生植物保护和可持续开发利用野生植物资源提供了科学依据。     

海南岛外来入侵生物分析

据调查,海南岛外来入侵生物已达近200种,对当地生物多样性和农林牧渔业造成了严重的影响。随着旅游、商贸和工农业等的迅速发展,外来入侵生物将会越来越多,对生态系统的影响将会更加严重。     

乡土树种在温州市城乡生态建设中的应用探析

分析乡土树种在城乡生态建设中的重要性和必要性,针对温州市乡土树种应用的现状及问题,提出乡土树种开发利用的措施与建议.