自动跟踪相关滤波在内燃机主轴动平衡中的应用

根据动不平衡信号的信息特征和信号的相关性,给出了自动跟踪相关滤波原理和算法;基于Labview开发系统,依据自动跟踪相关滤波原理开发了动不平衡信号提取图形化程序,应用此程序对含有不同倍频谐波和噪声的振动信号进行仿真处理及在内燃机主轴动平衡中的现场试验。结果表明:通过自动跟踪相关滤波,不仅能够准确提取不同转速的动不平衡信号,而且还能够满足内燃机主轴高精度动平衡测试的要求,具有较强的应用价值。     

反应电火花堆焊修复齿轮轴

利用DZ-1400型电火花堆焊机,以工业纯钛TA2为电极,以工业纯氮为保护气和反应气,在45号钢试件表面上制备了TiN金属陶瓷堆焊层。采用KYKY-2800型扫描电镜观察了堆焊层表面形貌、显微组织和磨损形貌,采用D/max-RA型X射线衍射仪分析了堆焊层物相,采用MH-6型显微硬度计测定了堆焊层显微硬度,采用自制磨损实验机对比了堆焊层与淬火回火65Mn钢的磨损性能,分析了电火花堆焊TiN金属陶瓷层用于轴颈修复的可行性。结果表明:反应电火花堆焊TiN金属陶瓷层与母材之间为冶金结合,堆焊层主要由电极材料钛、反应合成的TiN和基体材料铁组成,堆焊层显微硬度高,耐磨性好。变速箱齿轮轴修复实践表明,反应电火花堆焊TiN金属陶瓷层可用于修复损伤轴类件。     

中隔墩长度对斜式轴伸泵装置出水流道水力特性的影响

为研究大型低扬程泵站斜式出水流道水力特性,采用数值模拟方法对某斜20°轴伸泵装置三维湍流流场进行了数值计算,发现斜式出水流道内存在严重的偏流问题,基于4种计算方案的数值模拟结果分析了偏流的成因,在研究了中隔墩长度对斜式出水流道流态和水头损失影响的基础上提出了解决偏流的措施,并得到模型试验的验证。研究结果表明:顺水流方向看,中隔墩长度为14 m时的斜式出水流道内的主流明显偏于左侧,在流道右侧下部存在较大范围的旋涡区;导叶体出口具有较大周向速度分量的水流呈螺旋状进入"S"形弯曲的斜式出水流道,两者相互作用导致斜式出水流道产生偏流;随着中隔墩长度的增加,斜式出水流道左右孔的偏流系数逐渐减小、流道水头损失呈先减小再增大趋势,当中隔墩加长至23.35m时出水流道左右两侧的出流流量达到基本相等;采用长中隔墩斜式出水流道的泵装置模型试验最优工况点效率达到80.56%,泵装置模型试验结果与数值模拟结果一致,取得了预期的纠偏效果,得到有关工程设计院的认可,并应用于工程实际。     

含气率对小流量下混流式混输泵轴系振动的影响

振动是反映混输泵运行稳定性的关键指标,液体含气率对混输泵的振动强度有重要影响.为探究小流量工况下含气率变化对混输泵轴系振动的影响规律,该研究以某3级混流式气液混输泵为研究对象,采用建立的多通道振动测试系统采集小流量工况下混输泵输送不同含气率的水时主轴和轴承座的振动信号,然后分析水中含气率对主轴和轴承座振动特性的影响规律...     

犬腺病毒纤突蛋白基因功能区的比较分析

根据GenBank中已发表的CAV纤突基因序列，设计合成4对8条引物，用已建立的PCR方法，对犬2型腺病毒沈阳分离株第5代强毒经蚀斑克隆驯化的第60代毒弱毒（SY-V60）和犬1型腺病毒长春犬株（CCC-V6）的纤突基因进行了扩增，PCR产物经纯化后进行基因序列测定，测定结果经拼接后得到一个由1632和1629个核苷酸组成的纤突蛋白全基因序列，分别编码543和542个氨基酸。犬2型腺病毒（SY-V60）与犬1型腺病毒（CCC-V6）的纤突基因的同源性达到80.48%。犬2型腺病毒（SY-V60）与犬1型腺病毒（CCC-V6）纤突基因的同源性达到80.48%；根据犬的腺病毒与人2型腺病毒纤突蛋白的序列同源性比较结果，推测了犬腺病毒纤突蛋白的尾（tail)、轴（shaft)，结（knob)三个功能区的氨基酸序列，2个型之间的尾区同源性为76.9%；轴区同源性为78.59%；其结区同源性为83.24%，而同型毒株之间结和尾区同源性较高，轴区同源性较低。     

基于DTW距离的拖拉机传动轴载荷样本长度计算方法

针对工程领域载荷样本长度确定方法对农业机械载荷适用性较差的问题,提出了一种基于动态时间扭曲（DTW, Dynamic Time Warping）距离计算载荷样本长度的方法。首先,运用无线扭矩传感器获取犁耕作业下拖拉机传动轴的动态载荷,结合传动轴犁耕作业下的载荷特点,划分作业工况;再将作业循环叠加并经过归一化处理后进行DTW距离计算,确定传动轴载荷样本长度;最后,计算参数外推中均值混合正态分布函数的拟合参数相对误差。结果表明,运用DTW距离方法确定的载荷样本长度,能够使均值双正态分布函数拟合得到的参数相对误差保证在10%以内。近似均值精度估计法和均值曲线拟合法的拟合参数相对误差最大值分别为126.06%和80.62%,而基于DTW距离计算方法的拟合参数相对误差最大值为5.43%,验证了基于DTW距离的载荷样本长度计算方法的适用性。研究结果可为拖拉机传动轴田间试验载荷样本长度确定提供参考。     

Back-calculation method shows that within-flock transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H7N7) virus in the Netherlands is not influenced by housing risk factors

To optimize control of an avian influenza outbreak knowledge of within-flock transmission is needed. This study used field data to estimate the transmission rate parameter (β) and the influence of risk factors on within-flock transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N7 virus in the 2003 epidemic in The Netherlands. The estimation is based on back-calculation of daily mortality data to fit a susceptible-infectious-dead format, and these data were analysed with a generalized linear model. This back-calculation method took into account the uncertainty of the length of the latent period, the survival of an infection by some birds and the influence of farm characteristics. After analysing the fit of the different databases created by back-calculation, it could be concluded that an absence of the latency period provided the best fit. The transmission rate parameter (β) from these field data was estimated at 4.50 per infectious chicken per day (95% CI: 2.68–7.57), which was lower than what was reported from experimental data. In contrast to general belief, none of the studied risk factors (housing system, flock size, species, age of the birds in weeks and date of depopulation) had significant influence on the estimated β.     

Inhibitory action of intravenously administered ammonium acetate on the motility of the rumen in sheep

Summary

The effect of 60 minutes’ intravenous infusions, before morning feeding, of ammonium acetate (18.6 micromole/min/kg of body weight) and ammonium acetate with propranolol (11 μg/min/kg of body weight) on the ruminal motility of sheep was examined. Ammonia has an adrenaline‐like action therefore propranolol, a beta‐receptor blocking agent, was administered in order to eliminate the possible effect of adrenaline on ruminal motility. The contractions of the dorsal sack of the rumen were registered by means of the balloon method, with the gauge inserted through the rumen fistula. The infusion of ammonium acetate caused an increase of the ammonia concentration in the blood to 0.6 mmolel/at the end of 60 minutes’ infusion. Already during the first 5 minutes of the intravenous infusion of ammonium acetate there was a decreased frequency of ruminal contractions, which was observed throughout the infusion. After the infusion there was a radical decrease of the concentration of ammonia in the blood, and at the same time an increase in the frequency of rumen contraction was observed.

Blocking of the beta‐adrenergic receptors by propranolol did not eliminate the inhibiting action of ammonium ion on rumen motility. The infusion of the ammonium acetate caused an increase of adrenaline and glucose concentration. This response was eliminated by propranolol in the case of adrenaline but not glucose. It is assumed that the action of ammonium ion on the rumen motility is derived primarily by the central nervous system.     

354拖拉机与1.5m旋耕机配套性能分析

通过动力特性分析,解决了拖拉机动力输出轴转速高,输出扭矩较小,不能克服土壤对旋耕机的阻力矩,无法正常作业的问题.     

2Ai-2染色体在小麦部分同源染色体代换背景中的遗传

用中间偃麦草2Ai-2染色体特异的EST-PCR标记检测5个小麦-中间偃麦草二体异代换系(包括端体代换系)与普通小麦中国春(CS)杂交后代群体,研究外源染色体2Ai-2通过杂种向后代的传递率及其结构变异,并用基因组原位杂交进行验证。结果表明,第二部分同源群不同染色体代换背景对外源染色体传递的影响不同,在2B代换系的杂种中外源染色体或片段显示优先传递,而在2D代换系的杂种中其传递力则较低,2B代换背景更有利于2Ai-2染色体或片段的传递;外源染色体在杂种后代传递过程中会发生变异,在多数组合中,变异出现在着丝粒处;与短臂相比,外源染色体长臂更容易在世代中丢失;端体代换系中的外源染色体端体在杂种后代传递过程中容易丢失,且也会发生结构变异。基因组原位杂交结果证明了分子标记跟踪外源染色体的可靠性。