企业风险与审计师选择

信号传递理论认为,IPO市场中审计师选择可以作为信号机制,降低发行企业和投资者之间的信息不对称程度。本文以股权分置改革后我国证券发行制度向市场化过渡为背景,考察我国审计师声誉和IPO企业特征之间的关系。研究结果表明,在公司规模、资产负债率、资产净利率、投资银行声誉、公司成立时间这五个反映公司风险的变量中,公司规模、投资银行声誉、公司成立时间与是否选择大事务所进行审计有显著正相关关系,且大规模事务所审计的IPO企业的首日回报显著要低,这意味着大规模事务所的高声誉得到了市场的认可,审计师的信号传递功能在我国初步有效。     

基于改进支持向量机的水电机组多类轴心轨迹智能识别

在水电机组故障诊断系统中,轴心轨迹是判断机组状态的一个重要特征。而水电机组实际运行中轴心轨迹故障样本数量较少,依据其进行故障智能诊断无法准确完成,需结合相应频谱特性才可做出诊断。论文针对此问题,采用改进的支持向量机（support vector machine,SVM）多故障分类算法,建立了多故障轴心轨迹分类器,并应用于水电机组的故障诊断。结果表明,改进的SVM在样本数较少时取得较好的分类效果,样本数为16和50时,分类准确率达到了96.3%和91.2%,;并且在分类数增多时,分类准确率得到提高,而样本数增多时,分类准确率骤减。该故障分类器可实现多故障的识别和诊断,并且具有算法简单和对多故障轴心轨迹图形分类能力强的优点。该研究可为水电机组少样本轴心轨迹故障的智能诊断提供参考。     

自适应式丘陵山地拖拉机底盘传动及转向系统设计

针对丘陵山地拖拉机田间地头转向困难及已作业地块易被压紧压实的难题,设计了一种自适应式丘陵山地拖拉机底盘。其采用机械传动方式,发动机横向布置于车架上,动力由发动机一端经过皮带输送到变速器等传动部件用于底盘驱动行驶,另一端输出用于田间收割等作业。转向系统为断开式梯形结构设计,采用前轮偏转和四轮偏转两种转向方式,可实现全液压四轮异相位转向。结果表明：底盘最高及最低行驶速度分别为10.98 Km/h及0.91 Km/h,最大传动比为370.37,最小传动比为61.38,底盘前轮偏转时的最小转弯半径为2003mm,四轮偏转时的最小转弯半径为1494mm。该丘陵山地拖拉机具有良好的小地块作业适应能力。     

Zoonotic enteric protozoa

A growing number of enteric protozoan species are considered to have zoonotic potential. Their clinical impact varies and in many cases is poorly defined. Similarly, the epidemiology of infections, particularly the role of non-human hosts, requires further study. In this review, new information on the life cycles and transmission of Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Entamoeba, Blastocystis and Balantidium are examined in the context of zoonotic potential, as well as polyparasitism and clinical significance.     

Natural transplacental infection of dairy calves with bovine immunodeficiency virus and estimation of effect on neonatal health

Many experimental infection studies with bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) have been conducted, but neither virus transmission under natural conditions nor longitudinal clinical effects of naturally occurring infections in non-experimental populations are well explored. We tested the hypotheses that BIV is transmitted across the placenta during gestation and that intragestionally infected calves are at increased risk of neonatal disease. A cohort of 59 dairy cows on one farm were enrolled at parturition and the BIV serostatus of the cows and their pre-colostral calves determined with an indirect fluorescent-antibody assay. Moreover, the enrolled calves were monitored thrice weekly for specific clinical signs through the duration of the 30 day neonatal period and the occurrence of clinical signs analyzed for association with calf pre-colostral BIV serostatus and dam BIV serostatus. Confounding due to calf passive immunity and season of birth were also explored. Forty percent of seropositive cows (14/35) gave birth to seropositive calves but no seropositive calves (0/19) were born to seronegative dams (estimated relative risk 16, 95% exact confidence interval 2.6–5.8×10²⁹). Calf pre-colostral BIV serostatus was not associated with the occurrence or frequency of clinical signs — but dam BIV serostatus was associated with the odds of occurrence of calf hyperthermia and with the frequency of occurrence of calf hyperthermia and hyperventilatory events. This study is inconclusive about the effects of prenatal BIV infection on neonatal health — but it does provide evidence for the natural occurrence of transplacental BIV infection.     

正挤横轧式农用车后桥半轴套管的研究开发

在成功地开发轻型车正挤与横轧式后桥半轴套管的基础上，自主开发了1608型、2310型及2815型农用运输车的正挤与横轧式后桥半轴套管，并实现系列化规模生产，获得了显著的社会经济效益。     

黄瓜幼叶细胞中钙调素的免疫胶体金定位

 采用免疫胶体金电镜技术对黄瓜幼叶叶肉细胞中的钙调素(CaM)进行定位。结果表明：适温下生长的黄瓜幼苗叶肉细胞中的CaM主要分布于细胞核和叶绿体内，细胞核中CaM主要存在于染色质和核仁上，叶绿体中CaM主要存在于类囊体膜上；线粒体中也有一定量的CaM分布；细胞质、液泡、液泡膜及质膜上只有少量CaM存在；而细胞壁和细胞间隙却很难发现显示CaM存在的金颗粒。     

楼梯间管道井的设计

在楼间设置管井，既方便检修，又方便物业管理和住户。本文介绍了楼梯间管道井的设计原则和设计方法。     

垂直轴汽油机过热原因分析及解决措施

分析了垂直轴汽油机机体过热的主要原因,并提出解决措施。     

Implications derived from a mathematical model for eradication of pseudorabies virus

Simple mathematical models based on experimental and observational data were applied to evaluate the feasibility of eradicating pseudorabies virus (PRV) regionally by vaccination and to determine which factors can jeopardise eradication. As much as possible, the models were uncomplicated and our conclusions were based on mathematical analysis. For complicated situations, Monte-Carlo simulation was used to support the conclusions. For eradication, it is sufficient that the reproduction ratio R (the number of units infected by one infectious unit) is < 1. However, R can be determined at different scales: at one end the region with the herds as units and at the other end compartments with the pigs as units. Results from modelling within herds showed that contacts between groups within a herd is important whenever R between individuals (R_ind) is 1 in one or more groups. This is the case within finishing herds. In addition, if the R_ind is more than 1 within a herd, the size of the herd determines whether PRV can persist in the herd and determines the duration of persistence. Moreover, when reactivation of PRV in well-vaccinated sows is taken into account, R_ind in sow herds is still less than 1. In sow herds with group-housing systems, it is possible that in those groups R_ind is 1. Results from modelling between herds showed that whether or not R_herd is < 1 in a particular region is determined by two factors: (1) the transmission of infection between nucleus herds and rearing herds through transfer of animals and (2) contacts among finishing herds and among rearing herds. The transmission between herds can be reduced by reduction of the contact rate between herds, reduction of the herd size, and reduction of the transmission within herds.