商洛中药材种植中的配方施肥问题初探

在分析商洛市土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾、微量元素等养分状况的基础上,指出商洛市市中药材种植中科学施肥环节薄弱的突出问题。提出实施配方施肥技术能促进商洛市中药材的规范化生产,并对配方施肥的内容和实施进行了初步研究。     

HPLC法测定复方制剂中的酒石酸泰乐菌素

采用Kromasil C18色谱柱,甲醇-水(80:20)为流动相,检测波长为290nm,以HPLC外标法测定复方制剂中酒石酸泰乐菌素的含量。该法分离度大,被测组分的线性关系良好(r=0.9999),平均回收率100.0%,重复进样相对标准偏差0.16%。     

复方中草药高效免疫增强剂对猪群免疫力及生产性能影响的研究

试验结果表明,试验组猪群的猪瘟抗体水平、日增重、死淘率、饲料报酬和经济效益均明显优于对照组,在3个试验组中,尤以1.5%添加量效果最佳。试验组平均日增重421g,比对照组提高30.75%;饲料转化率平均为2.02∶1,比对照组提高10.62个百分点;成活率平均98.3%,比对照组提高13.3个百分点;头均公斤增重成本2.60元,比对照组降低26%。     

垄畦栽培对地道药材建泽泻产量与品质的影响

以建泽泻的当地传统种植方法为对照,对地道药材建泽泻进行垄畦栽培试验。结果表明:垄畦栽培有利于建泽泻块茎产量的提高,促进其主要有效成分24-乙酰泽泻醇A和23-乙酰泽泻醇B的累积,是一项值得推广的改良种植方法。     

PRINCIPLES OF ULTRASOUND APPLICATION IN ANIMALS*†

Diagnostic ultrasound, a non-invasive mode for imaging soft tissues, requires for its use an understanding of sound and sound-tissue interaction physics. Ultrasound frequencies from 1.0 to 10.0 MHz are created by electrical stimulation of piezoelectric crystals. These crystals are housed within transducers, which, when applied to the body surface with a coupling agent will produce sound waves, referred to as the sound beam, which are propagated through the soft tissues of the body. When the sound beam encounters tissue interfaces of differing acoustic impedance, a portion of the sound beam is reflected back to the transducer which also acts as a receiver. Echoes returning from soft tissue acoustic interfaces are converted to electrical impulses and displayed on an oscilloscope screen as a cross section of the tissue. Lower frequency sound beams penetrate further into soft tissue, but have poorer resolving capabilities, than higher frequency sound beams. A, B, and M-modes are the three basic forms of ultrasound used in soft tissue imaging. A-mode ultrasonic imaging is a one-dimensional display of echo amplitudes versus distance. B-mode ultrasonic imaging produces an accurate two-dimensional cross sectional image of soft tissues. M-mode ultrasonic imaging is an adaptation of B-mode to evaluate moving structures of the heart. Fluid-filled cystic structures have characteristic clear (anechoic) central areas with acoustic enhancement of the back wall of the cyst and deeper structures. Solid masses have echoes in their central portion with resultant poor accentuation of deeper structures. Application of ultrasound to animals requires hair removal since trapped air is a barrier to transmission of the sound beam. Gas-filled bowel and bone are effective barriers to ultrasonic imaging because of their large acoustic impedance differences compared to soft tissues. The position of the focal point of a focused transducer relative to tissue interfaces is important to accurately depict tissue character. For example, the focal point of the transducer should be superficial to the back wall when scanning cystic structures. When solid lesions, such as liver metastases, are scanned a focal point that lies deep to the lesion should be selected in order to accentuate sound beam attenuation. Time-gain compensation (TGC) settings are important to produce a balanced scan with equal echo production within like tissues throughout the depth of ultrasound tissue penetration. Initial TGC settings can be made from knowledge of the focal point of the particular transducer, but may have to be adjusted during scanning to produce a balanced image. Ultrasound is an attractive imaging modality in animals since it is noninvasive and presents no known hazard to the operator or patient.     

12味中药及其复方对大肠杆菌的体外抑菌试验

采用体外抑菌试验方法,观察十二味中药及几个复方对大肠杆菌K88和溶血性大肠杆菌的体外抑菌试验。试验结果:12味中药中,有9味中药(冰片、狼毒、白砒、斑蝥、重楼、红芽大戟、白花蛇舌草、黄连、三棵针)均对大肠杆菌K88有抑制作用,其中11味中药(冰片、狼毒、紫贝天葵、白砒、斑蝥、重楼、樟脑、红芽大戟、白花蛇舌草、黄连、三棵针)均对溶血性大肠杆菌有抑制作用。组成的1～7个复方,均对大肠杆菌K88和溶血性大肠杆菌有抑制作用。复方5与恩诺沙星(1‰)时大肠杆菌K88的抑菌作用比较,前者优于后者,其差异显著(P<0.05);复方5与恩诺沙星(1‰)对溶血性大肠杆菌的抑菌作用比较,前者优于后者,其差异极显著(P<0.01),黄连与恩诺沙星相配有协同作用。     

Non-experimental validation of ethnoveterinary plants and indigenous knowledge used for backyard pigs and chickens in Trinidad and Tobago

This paper presents the findings of an exploratory study on ethnoveterinary medicines used for backyard pigs and backyard chickens in Trinidad and Tobago. Research data was collected from 1995 to September 2000. Six plants are used for backyard pigs. Crushed leaves of immortelle (Erythrina pallida, E. micropteryx) are used to remove dead piglets from the uterus. Leaf decoctions of bois canôt (Cecropia peltata) and bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) are used for labour pains or leaves are fed as a postpartum cleanser. Boiled green papaya fruit (Carica papaya) is fed to pigs to induce milk let-down. The leaves and flowers of male papaya plants (Carica papaya) are fed to de-worm pigs. Sour orange juice (Citrus aurantium) is given to pigs to produce lean meat, and coffee grounds are used for scours. Eyebright and plantain leaves (Plantago major) are used for eye injuries of backyard chickens. Worm grass (Chenopodium ambrosioides) and cotton bush (Gossypium species) are used as anthelmintics. Aloe gel (Aloe vera) is used for internal injuries and the yellow sap from the cut Aloe vera leaf or the juice of Citrus limonia is used to purge the birds. A literature review revealed few toxicity concerns and the potential usefulness of the plants.     

The canine shoulder: selected disorders and their management with physical therapy

The shoulder joint is the most mobile of all main limb joints. While its primary motion is in a sagittal plane, the shoulder has a significant amount of abduction and adduction, and internal and external rotation. Its stability is ensured by the joint capsule, by its specialized bands (medial and lateral glenohumeral ligaments), and by large tendons located inside (eg, tendon of origin of the biceps brachii muscle) or immediately outside the joint (eg, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis). Sprains or strains of all supporting structures of the canine shoulder have now been reported and the shoulder pathology resembles the pathology of the human shoulder that includes strains and tears of the rotator cuff muscles, adhesive capsulitis, and calcific tendonitis.     

The future of veterinary therapeutics: a glimpse towards 2030

The purpose of this article is to make an educated guess as to what veterinary pharmacology will look like in two decades. By examining the past, it is evident that change is incremental unless a transforming discovery occurs. In the last few decades, such events have dramatically changed medicine and pharmacology, however they have not percolated through the system to the effect that novel drugs have replaced our traditional armamentarium. The effect of six transforming technologies (continued advances in computer technology, microfluidics, nanotechnology, high-throughput screening, control and targeted drug delivery, pharmacogenomics) on veterinary therapeutics is examined. These should lead toward more efficacious and safer drugs across most therapeutic classes due to both increases in our knowledge base as well as more efficient drug development. Shorter term improvements in drug delivery should be seen. Although this growth in technology would portend major advances over the next few decades, economic and regulatory constraints must still be overcome for these new drugs or therapeutic approaches to become common practice.