景观基因图示视角下的江西省瓘山村景观结构解析

“景观基因”作为传统村落景观信息遗传的载体,蕴含了传统村落独特的景观环境特征与景观演变发展的内在逻辑。因此,景观基因图示可为探索传统村落景观结构提供新视角。以江西省丰城市瓘山村为例,从传统聚落景观基因的“胞—链—形”图示体系出发,揭示瓘山村在景观整体形态、景观连接通道和景观基本单元等方面的景观结构特色：景观基因“形”体现在二维空间形态和三维空间环境;景观基因“链”以外环龙溪和内部街巷结合为代表;景观基因“胞”体现在建筑和非建筑景观单元。从而总结出：风水理论、尊重自然的生态理念和景观集称文化三大景观基因共同孕育出了瓘山村的景观结构特色。     

哈茨木霉M-17固体发酵及发酵产物浸提液对镰刀菌的抑制作用

通过平板对峙试验测定哈茨木霉M-17对尖孢镰刀菌、接骨木镰刀菌、木贼镰刀菌、茄病镰刀菌和锐顶镰刀菌的抑制作用;通过抑菌试验测定菌株M-17在添加中药残渣固体培养基中发酵产物浸提液的抑菌作用,筛选对5种供试病原真菌具有抑菌作用的固体发酵培养基配方。结果表明：哈茨木霉M-17对尖孢镰刀菌、接骨木镰刀菌、木贼镰刀菌、茄病镰刀菌和锐顶镰刀菌的菌丝生长抑制率分别为66.39%、66.18%、  57.06%、66.38%和51.29%;在添加中药渣固体发酵培养基上,菌株M-17的发酵产物浸提液对不同病原菌的抑制作用不同,其中配方为甘草∶玉米粉∶木屑的固体培养基对多种病原真菌具有较强抑制作用,配比为5∶4∶1时,M-17发酵产物浸提液对木贼镰刀菌的抑制率最高,为76.89%;配比为3∶5∶2时,对木贼镰刀菌和尖孢镰刀菌的抑制率最高,分别为78.45%和72.20%;配比为7∶2∶1时,对木贼镰刀菌的抑制率最高,为77.19%;配方为板蓝根∶玉米粉∶木屑、配比为3∶5∶2时,M-17发酵产物浸提液对木贼镰刀菌的抑制率最高,为77.99%。不同固体发酵培养基和配方影响木霉M-17发酵产物对不同镰刀菌的抑菌作用,为木霉菌制剂开发和应用提供了基础。     

浅谈盆景创作的传统与创新

该文旨在对盆景的创作与欣赏中的多样化审美需求进行美学辨析,以期为新时代的盆景创作技巧汲取养分。通过长期的盆景创作中反复实践、感悟、创新、超越,使盆景艺术达到一个新的创作境界。在对盆景创作技巧的追求中,不仅要从传统的盆景文化中汲取养分,也要用创新的眼光看待新时代的艺术。     

中草药对热应激鸡十二指肠黏膜结构的影响（英文）

伊莎褐88日龄雏鸡120只,随机分为6组,3个对照组(常温组、高温组、高温Vc组)和3个中草药高温组(高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组)。常温组在14~25℃环境下饲养,其余5组在28~39℃环境下饲养.试验全程共10天,在试验的第1、4、8、10天每组各剖杀5只并取其十二指肠。经常规方法制成组织切片后H.E染色,测定各十二指肠的黏膜厚度、绒毛长度、隐窝深度。结果显示:热应激状态下,十二指肠黏膜厚度和绒毛长度均显著低于常温组,且绒毛稀疏。但是高温条件下,中草药高剂量组、中剂量组各项指标均高于高温组和高温Vc组,特别是在试验的第8天和第10天差异极显著,并且中草药高剂量组各指标显著高于中草药中低剂量组。该处方对热应激鸡十二指肠粘膜的保护作用强于高温Vc组。在热应激条件下中草药有效减弱了十二指肠粘膜的组织损伤。     

中草药对欧洲鳗病原菌的抑制作用研究

本文测试了中草药对五株欧洲鳗致病菌的单独、联合抑菌效果，并测试了中草药、化学治疗剂联合抑菌效果。黄连、地锦草、乌梅、黄芩对病原菌抑制效果显著，中草药联合无显著提高药效作用，其作用效果与抑菌效果最强药物的含量相关，中草药化学治疗剂联合对病原菌作用效果显著。     

Tree-cavity occurrence, cavity occupation and reproductive performance of secondary cavity-nesting birds in oak forests: The role of traditional management practices

Secondary cavity-nesting birds (SCN), which cannot create their own breeding cavities, are expected to be influenced by habitat alteration caused by forest management practices, but the mechanisms underlying the distribution pattern of SCN subjected to different management systems are poorly known. To improve our knowledge on these mechanisms, we examine cavity abundance, cavity occupation and reproductive performance of SCN in Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica) forests subjected to two management systems: (i) dense “young forests”, maintained at such stage by clear-cuttings and burns, and (ii) “old forest”, subjected to extensive traditional grazing and scarce firewood extraction by selective cutting. Young forests had considerably lower density of cavities (1.29 ± 0.71 vs 15.09 ± 2.00 cavities ha⁻¹), SCN species (0.18 ± 0.11 vs 0.61 ± 0.07 species ha⁻¹) and nests (0.40 ± 0.27 vs 2.67 ± 0.25 nests of all SCN ha⁻¹) than old forests, indicating that a low availability of cavities may limit SCN assemblages in young oak forests. However, reproductive parameters of great (Parus major) and blue (Cyanistes caeruleus) tits associated with the availability of food (laying date, clutch size, nestling number and weight, adult weight) did not differ between both forest types, suggesting that food supply was not reduced in young forests, at least for tits during the breeding season. Large diameter (up to 170 cm dbh) decayed trees were the most likely to hold cavities, but birds preferred smaller living cavity-trees for nesting (90% of nests in 21-65 cm dbh trees). The preservation of cavity-trees within traditionally managed old oak forests is crucial in providing nesting opportunities to SCN. Besides, the protection of these traditionally managed forests would also benefit to other forest organisms that depend on old and open oak forests.     

Phylogenetic and morphological identification of Colletotrichum boninense: a novel causal agent of anthracnose in avocado

In recent years, anthracnose has become a significant disease affecting avocado fruit in the state of Michoacan, Mexico, where it significantly reduces fruit quality and commercial yield. Anthracnose has been assumed to involve Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum as causal agents. However, because of the increasing incidence of anthracnose, a more precise identification of the Colletotrichum spp. involved in this disease has become desirable. During the years 2004–2007, avocado fruits of different sizes exhibiting brown‐black and reddish spots on the pericarp and soft rot in the mesocarp, were gathered from orchards in nine counties. Fungal isolates were cultured on potato dextrose agar, and among these, 31 were selected for molecular, morphological and pathogenicity analyses. The molecular approaches used sequence typing of the internal transcribed spacer region and the partial nuclear large ribosomal subunit, allowing the unequivocal identification of C. gloeosporioides (71%), C. acutatum (16%) and C. boninense (13%). This last species has not been previously reported as being associated with anthracnose symptoms in avocado fruits anywhere in the world. Various morphological characteristics such as the size and shape of conidia were determined, as well as the conidial mass colour. Pathogenicity tests performed with all three species were conducted by inoculating healthy fruits. In each case, identical symptoms developed within 3 days of inoculation. Knowledge of the Colletotrichum populations in the Michoacan state, including the newly encountered avocado pathogen C. boninense, will facilitate further studies addressing the relationships between these Colletotrichum spp. and their avocado host.     

不同施肥管理措施对土壤碳含量及基础呼吸的影响

连续7年试验研究了施用15t/hm2和7.5t/hm2有机肥(包括EM堆肥、EM鸡粪肥和传统堆肥)、化肥和对照处理对土壤碳含量与基础呼吸的影响,结果表明:随有机肥施用量的提高,土壤可溶性碳、总有机碳、微生物生物量碳和土壤的基础呼吸随之增加。施用化肥可一定程度提高土壤可溶性碳、总有机碳、微生物生物量碳和土壤的基础呼吸。不同施肥措施对土壤有机碳、微生物生物量碳和土壤基础呼吸的影响趋势为EM堆肥处理>传统堆肥处理>化肥处理>对照,施肥对土壤微生物代谢商的影响趋势为EM堆肥处理<传统堆肥处理<化肥处理<对照。土壤微生物生物量碳与可溶性碳、总有机碳及土壤基础呼吸之间呈极显著正相关。土壤微生物代谢商与土壤可溶性碳、总有机碳、微生物生物量碳及基础呼吸之间呈极显著负相关。     

汉中中药现代化发展前景的评价分析

汉中地处陕西省境内的秦巴山区，素有“天然药库”之称,从古至今一直是中国中药材的主要产地。在中国中药材资源普查中,汉中药用植物达1300多种,国家规定的364种重点中药材汉中有280种,具有显著的资源优势。中药现代化为汉中中药提供了难得的发展机遇。     

Two Dimensional Bar Code in medicine Trade Logistic Management System

The characteristics of two dimensional bar code are analyzed, then the technological characteristics and the composition of logistic bar code are discussed.Through the analysis of application in medicine trade logistics management system,the PDF417 two dimensional bar code is used to make out a selling invoice, medicines stock,etc. With PDF417 two dimensional bar code , the medicine trade logistics management system overcomes many difficult problems, makes the whole system to be more efficient, completes the plan, organization, coordination and control of trade partners, logistic, information ,business,finance etc., and strengthens the connection between the trade partners.