呼市地区春小麦蓟马种类及寄主的调查

本文对呼和浩特地区春小麦上的蓟马种类、寄主范围进行了调查研究，采集制作玻片标本７４个号，已鉴定出６种蓟马，植食性的为稻管蓟马、袖指蓟马、花蓟马、端带蓟马、烟蓟马；捕食性的为横纹蓟马。其中的袖指蓟马国内目前尚无报道。     

Ornamental plants and thrips populations associated with tomato spotted wilt virus in Greece

A survey was conducted in order to record the ornamental plants that are hosts of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) in Greece. Polyclonal antibodies prepared against the N protein of a Greek isolate of TSWV fromGerbera jamesonii (GR-34) were used. Leaf samples were taken from plants showing typical symptoms of tospovirus infection such as chlorotic and necrotic rings on the leaves and malformation and necrosis of the flowers. The samples were tested by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) using polyclonal antibodies to the N proteins of TSWV and INSV (NL-07). ELIS A-positive samples were mechanically transmitted to plants ofPetunia hybrida, Nicotiana rustica andN. benthamiana to confirm infection. Although none of the samples was found infected with INSV, TSWV presence was recorded in 42 botanical species that belong to 40 genera in 27 families. Among them the speciesBeloperone guttata, Coleus barbatus, Impatiens petersiana andLilium auratum are reported for the first time as hosts of TSWV, whereasBegonia sp.,Catharanthus roseus Celosia cristata, Dianthus chinensis, Fuchsia hybrida andStephanotis floribunda are found as new hosts of the virus in Greece. Thrips collected from TSWV-infected plants were in most cases identified asFrankliniella occidentalis, except from plants ofDendranthema sp. andDianthus caryophyllus whereThrips tabaci individuals were also identified. Different percentages of transmitters were noticed when the thrips populations collected from TSWV-infected ornamental hosts were tested for transmission of TSWV.     

球孢白僵菌对棕榈蓟马的毒力测定

采用不同浓度的球孢白僵菌Bb050230 菌株,对棕榈蓟马成虫和若虫进行致病力测定。结果
表明：球孢白僵菌对棕榈蓟马的成虫和若虫具有较高的毒力,用浓度为3.0×10⁸ 个·mL^-1 的球孢白僵菌
孢子悬浮液接种8 d 后对棕榈蓟马成虫和若虫的累计校正死亡率分别为85.76% 和83.25%,致死中时间
（LT₅₀）最短分别为4.43 d 和4.79 d,第8 天棕榈蓟马成虫和若虫的致死中浓度（LC₅₀）分别为3.106×10⁵
个·mL^-1 和3.284×10⁵ 个·mL^-1。     

滴灌施药技术防治香蕉黄胸蓟马应用展望

滴灌施药就是通过滴灌管将药剂输送至作物根系周围土壤中的一种施药方法,根据作物生长需要和植物保护需求精准、适时、适量用药。目前,黄胸蓟马是国内外香蕉产区上的重要害虫,常隐匿在花蕾为害。常规喷施杀虫剂时,由于花蕾的阻隔作用很难有效防治,通过土壤滴施内吸性杀虫剂可以精准防控。因此,滴灌施药在黄胸蓟马防治上具有广阔的应用前景。本文结合滴灌技术在农业上的应用、滴灌施药在农作物害虫防治上的研究进展、香蕉黄胸蓟马为害及防治现状,分析香蕉黄胸蓟马滴灌施药防治存在的问题,展望滴灌法施药在香蕉黄胸蓟马防治上的应用前景进行综述,旨在为滴灌法施药技术在防治香蕉黄胸蓟马上的研究与应用提供参考。     

Development of a bioassay system for monitoring susceptibility in Thrips tabaci

A system is described for collecting adult and larva of Thrips tabaci from onion foliage into insecticide-treated vials to evaluate susceptibility to insecticides. The thrips insecticide bioassay system (TIBS) allows one to treat vials and store them for 3 weeks before thrips are collected. Depending on the population density in the field, collection of the insects for the test required from 3-6 h for one person. Assays are read after 24h. This system was used in 1997 and 1998 in commercial onion fields in Honduras and Nicaragua, and TIBS was sensitive enough to detect differences to the insecticides tested, to thrips life stages and to different generations within an onion-growing season. Data collected suggest that there were not serious problems with thrips insecticide resistance, with the possible exception of cypermethrin in Nicaragua which had a resistance ratio (RR) value of 26.9 for adult thrips. The largest RR values were observed at the end of the growing season, and this may be caused by the season-long selection by insecticide sprays. The mortality of adults and larvae followed the same general pattern, but the ratio between larvae and adults differed for each chemical group.     

虫生真菌对节瓜蓟马种群的控制作用

室内试验表明,在1.5×108个/ml孢子浓度下,白僵菌对节瓜蓟马成虫、蛹和若虫的寄生率分别为70%、50.20%和17.78%,而在相同浓度下绿僵菌的寄生率较低。在2×108个/ml孢子浓度下田间土壤和植株喷施球孢白僵菌,5d后可使蓟马成虫减少49.22%。     

The competence of four thrips species to transmit and replicate four tospoviruses

The tospoviruses Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV), Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV) and Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV) are well-known pathogens on tomato in Brazil. The thrips species Frankliniella occidentalis , F. schultzei , Thrips tabaci and T. palmi were studied for their competence to transmit these tospoviruses. Frankliniella occidentalis transmitted all four tospoviruses with different efficiencies. Frankliniella schultzei transmitted TCSV, GRSV and CSNV. Although F. schultzei has been reported as a vector of TSWV, the F. schultzei population in the present study did not transmit the TSWV isolate used. A population of T. tabaci known to transmit Iris yellow spot virus (onion isolate) did not transmit any of the studied tospoviruses, and nor did T. palmi . Replication of these tospoviruses could be demonstrated by ELISA, not only in the thrips species that could transmit them, but also in those that could not. The results strongly suggest that competence to transmit is regulated not only by the initial amount of virus acquired and replication, but also by possible barriers to virus circulation inside the thrip's body.     

10种杀虫剂对4种蓟马的毒力及对西花蓟马的田间药效评价

蓟马对农作物的危害逐年加重, 为筛选防治蓟马的高效低毒药剂, 采用叶管药膜法测定了10种常用药剂对4种蓟马的室内毒力, 并开展了田间防效试验。室内毒力测定结果表明, 6%乙基多杀菌素SC和10%虫螨腈SC对4种蓟马的毒力相对较高, 25%噻虫嗪WG和5%甲维盐EC的毒力较低, 西花蓟马和瓜蓟马对10种药剂的敏感性低于花蓟马和烟蓟马。田间药效结果表明, 25%噻虫嗪WG、10%溴虫氟苯双酰胺SC和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯EC对西花蓟马的防效较高, 药后7 d药效最高达到90%以上。综合室内毒力和田间药效试验结果, 推荐4.5%高效氯氰菊酯EC和10%溴虫氟苯双酰胺SC为防治蓟马的首选药剂, 可与25%噻虫嗪WG、48%多杀霉素SC、1.8%阿维菌素EC和10%吡丙醚SC等药剂轮换使用。     

节瓜蓟马的主要捕食性天敌及自然控制作用

介绍了节瓜蓟马在广东省的捕食性天敌资源和自然控制作用。在不施化学农药的瓜、豆地中发现节瓜蓟马的捕食性天敌有中华微刺盲蝽、黑带多盲蝽、黑肩绿盲蝽、南方小花蝽、桑小花蝽、大眼长蝽、西方蠳蚊、长毛捕食螨、塔六点蓟马、瓢虫、蜘蛛和蚂蚁等共10科近20种。数量较多的是中华微刺盲蝽、南方小花蝽和黑带多盲蝽,其中对节瓜蓟马起主要控制作用的是中华微刺盲蝽。在所有被捕食的节瓜蓟马中,54%的蓟马被中华微刺盲蝽取食。中华微刺盲蝽不仅捕食量大,而且全年可见该盲蝽繁殖。中华微刺盲蝽是防治节瓜蓟马前景最大的天敌之一。