花文化在城市公园景观设计中的应用

中国的花文化源远流长,包括物质花文化和精神花文化两个方面,同时花文化又具有深邃的意蕴。同时,花文化与国花均是一个国家和民族文化的重要组成部分。以北京四季青镇国花园规划设计为例,从规划目标、规划设计理念到具体的景区、景点设计,阐释了中国花文化如何在城市公园景观设计中得以应用,以期为理解、应用、传承中国的花文化提供必要的参考。     

The Bioactive Potential of Trawl Discard: Case Study from a Crinoid Bed Off Blanes (North-Western Mediterranean)

Although knowledge of the bioactive compounds produced by species inhabiting coastal waters is increasing, little is known about the bioactive potential produced by marine species occupying deeper habitats with high biodiversity and productivity. Here, we investigate about the bioactive potential of molecules produced by species that inhabit the crinoid beds, a poorly known essential fish habitat affected by trawling, wherein large amounts of commercial and noncommercial species are discarded. Based on a trawl survey conducted in 2019, 14% of the 64 species discarded on crinoid beds produce molecules with some type of bioactive potential, including; soft corals (Alcyonium palmatum); tunicates (Ascidia mentula); bony fish, such as horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus); European hake (Merluccius merluccius); and chondrichthyans, such as small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula). In addition, 16% of the discarded species had congeneric species that produce compounds with bioactive potential, indicating that such species might also possess similar types of bioactive molecules. Molecules with antioxidant, antitumour, antihypertensive, and antibacterial properties were the most frequent, which could provide the basis for future research aiming to discover new marine-based drugs and compounds for other human uses. Among all species or genera that produce compounds with bioactive potential, 68% presented medium or high vulnerability to trawling. Results show that the discarded catch contains many species, which produce different bioactive compounds that represent an added-value resource. These results highlight the importance of manage properly crinoid beds, to ensure that species that produce molecules with bioactive potential inhabiting these habitats are protected.     

三峡库区典型农业小流域次降雨产沙过程及其影响因素

为探究引起三峡库区农业小流域土壤侵蚀的主要次降雨因子,通过天然降雨观测资料,分析忠县石盘丘小流域2019年侵蚀性降雨年内分布特征和典型次降雨条件下A和B 2个集水区产沙过程的变化规律,采用相关性分析方法,揭示次降雨产沙的主要影响因素。结果表明:(1)全年119场降雨资料中,有19场为侵蚀性降雨。全年侵蚀性中雨共发生10次,是侵蚀性降雨中最常见的降雨类型。暴雨及以上降雨是造成研究区产沙量最大的降雨类型。(2)在典型中雨、大雨和暴雨产沙事件中,B集水区产沙量分别是A集水区的5.13,1.66,7.56倍。对3场典型次降雨产沙过程进行分析发现,B集水区产沙过程线随降雨历时的延长,变化程度更剧烈。(3)各PIn因子与研究区产沙量的相关性系数大小排序为PI30>PI10>PI15>PI60>PI5>PI90>PI。对各类降雨因子与研究区的产沙量进行相关性分析,系数大小排序为P>PIn>In>I>T。A、B集水区产沙量与次降雨量P和PI30均存在极显著正相关性。总之,在三峡库区开展水土保持工作时,要加强对暴雨及以上降雨造成农业小流域水土流失的监测与预警响应能力;P和PI30能较好地反映三峡库区天然次降雨对农业小流域侵蚀产沙的影响;对天然降雨条件下的次降雨侵蚀力进行估算时,可将PI30作为主要参考因子;农林水复合生态系统与结构简单的传统农耕模式相比,具有更丰富多元的层次结构,不仅能全面开发利用小流域的农业资源,更有利于保持水土,且其对降雨环境变化的适应性也更强。     

鸡冠花新品种‘荣华鸡冠花’

‘荣华鸡冠花'是广东地方品种‘早水鸡冠花'种子经卫星搭载诱变后,经5代以上系统选育出的新品种。平均株高26.32 cm,株幅30.92 cm;鸡冠形花序数9个,冠色猩红;叶片长卵形、黄绿色;属早花型,花期60 d以上。耐热性强,适合全国各地夏季和华南地区周年栽培。     

牡丹呼吸速率和内源激素含量变化与开花衰老的关系

 以牡丹品种‘洛阳红’和‘胡红’为材料,研究开花和衰老过程中花瓣内源激素水平与呼吸代谢的变化。结果表明,随着花朵的发育,‘洛阳红’和‘胡红’呼吸速率均呈现典型的跃变特征,高峰分别出现在盛开期和半开期。牡丹开花后表现出花瓣中可溶性蛋白质含量下降和花色素苷积累的生理特征。牡丹在开花、衰老过程中内源IAA、ZR和GA3含量降低,内源ABA含量上升,‘洛阳红’属于类似乙烯跃变型,‘胡红’属于类似乙烯末期上升型。结果提示,牡丹在开花和衰老过程中花瓣内源激素代谢失衡是导致花瓣衰老的重要原因。     

小麦秸秆覆盖量对坡面流水动力学特性影响

为系统研究小麦秸秆覆盖量对坡面流水动力学特性的影响,采用室内定床模拟试验,探究在不同流量(3.0、4.5、6.0、7.5、9.0 L/min)和坡度(3°、5°、10°、15°)下,坡面流水动力参数随秸秆覆盖量(0、1.5、2.5、3.5、4.5 t/hm²)的变化特征。结果表明：1)秸秆覆盖显著影响坡面流流型,在不同流量和坡度下,无秸秆覆盖时坡面流型均为急流,而在秸秆覆盖条件下,坡面流型均变为缓流。当流量≤7.5 L/min时,流态均为层流,当流量>7.5 L/min时,流态均为过渡流。2)随着秸秆覆盖量的增加,坡面流流速分别较裸坡降低了47.85%、53.86%、57.69%、60.11%。3)不同覆盖量下,坡面流流态指数随坡度的变化规律不一致。覆盖量≤2.5t/hm²时,随坡度的增加,流态指数呈先增后减的变化趋势,覆盖量>2.5 t/hm²时,流态指数随坡度的增加而逐渐减小。4)不同覆盖量下,坡面流阻力系数随坡度的变化规律不一致。秸秆覆盖坡面阻力系数是裸坡的9.36～19.68倍。低覆盖量下(≤2.5t...     

气吸式播种机多分支汇流管路气压损失分析与试验

为探究气吸式播种机气力系统多分支汇流管路负压气流的流动规律,掌握管路总体压力损失与管路几何结构之间的关联特性,获取管路总体压力损失的定量预测目标值,该研究对多分支汇流管路气流流动状态进行分析,明确了影响管路气流流动的主要因素,采用单因素试验及Fluent仿真模拟,从宏观、微观尺度阐明多分支汇流管路中的气流流动规律及总流气压损失原因,通过量纲分析法建立了总体压力损失（ΔP,Pa）与空气密度（ρ,kg/ m³）、空气动力黏度（μ,Pa·s）、集管封闭端长度（L,mm）、入口支管1的入口流量（Q,m³/s）、入口支管内径（d,mm）、入口支管长度（l,mm）、入口支管间距（δ,mm）、集管内径（γ,mm）、出口支管内径（D,mm）和出口支管长度（Δ,mm）关系的经验公式。台架试验结果表明,所建立的经验公式应用范围为0.0009 m³/s≤Q≤0.0045 m³/s,28 mm≤d≤45.2 mm,100 mm≤l≤200 mm、200 mm≤δ≤300 mm, 42.6 mm≤γ≤81.4 mm,150 mm≤Δ≤250 mm,34 mm≤D≤42.6 mm、53.6 mm≤D≤57 mm,对多分支汇流管路总体压力损失的预测精度在经验公式计算值的10%以内。所建立的经验公式可为气吸式播种机多分支汇流管路的设计选型、结构优化提供参考。     

Indicators of Cotton Nitrogen Status

ABSTRACT

Nitrogen (N) deficiency limits cotton yields, while too much N causes excessive vegetative growth hurting yields, wastes expensive inputs, and causes environmental pollution. Diagnostic indicators are needed to assess cotton N status so that yields can be optimized as efficiently as possible. This study evaluated selected tools for predicting cotton responses to N fertilizer application. Petiole nitrate (NO₃)-N (PNN) concentration was found to correlate with cotton N status and a good indicator of potential for response to N application. Critical PNN concentrations for irrigated cotton in subtropical South Texas at first bloom, and 10, 20 and 30 d later were determined to be 15.0, 9.0, 4.5, and 2.0 g kg^{? 1}, respectively. These critical PNN levels are higher than in more humid areas of the traditional southern US Cotton Belt, probably due to the effects of the subtropical climate. Cotton plants in this area tend to be less vegetative, possibly due to shorter growing season day lengths, and therefore need to be “pushed” slightly harder with greater N fertilization. Leaf total N concentrations were found to be less responsive to changes in applied N than were PNN levels. Although leaf N tended to be more stable over time, there was no consistent pattern between years. Leaf N values of 35 g kg^{? 1} or less appear to represent a deficiency at any time, and optimum levels may be slightly higher. Nodes above white flower showed very small responses to N fertilization and the differences occurred late in the bloom period. Chlorophyll meter readings showed a good relationship with N fertilizer application within a given sampling date, but much greater variability occurred between dates and due to other factors. The most effective indicator of cotton N status was found to be PNN, and to a lesser extent leaf N, but none of other parameters could be recommended for purposes of making inferences as to N status of cotton.     

Movements of free oxides in paddy soil profiles (Part 1)

In this paper, the results of observations of soil profiles and the investigations of movements of free oxides in two soil types of dry paddy fields Which carry barley or wheat in the period of winter crops are set forth. Their parent materials are charty somewhat accompanied with shales and granite, and in Soil A and B a small quantity of volcanic ash is contained. The structure develops Well in all the soils.     

不同条件下提取牡丹花的成分及分析

采用有机溶剂提取法,石油醚作为溶剂,设置不同的提取温度、时间及料液比提取牡丹干花成分,以有效成分的百分含量为评价标准,通过正交试验发现在26℃、牡丹干花(g):石油醚(mL)=1:4、提取4h这样的条件组合下,提取效果最佳。以气相色谱质谱联用仪对提取成分进行分析,共检出78种化合物,其中烷烃类化合物含量最大(51.30%),其次是醇类化合物(7.14%),酯类化合物(2.34%),酮类化合物(0.14%),醛类化合物(0.13%),酚类化合物最少(0.04%)。对牡丹花成分的研究,可为牡丹花的综合开发提供依据。对这些有差异的提取条件进行研究,可有针对性的选择提取方法及条件,对于获得高品质的产品具有重要作用。