蚯蚓粪基质黄瓜、西瓜穴盘苗耐热性研究

为深入了解蚯蚓粪基质对瓜类蔬菜穴盘苗耐热性的影响,以常规草炭系基质为参比,测定了黄瓜、西瓜穴盘苗叶片叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性等生理生化指标。结果表明:蚯蚓粪基质穴盘苗与对照穴盘苗在高温胁迫下叶片叶绿素含量均降低,蚯蚓粪基质穴盘苗叶绿素a,b及总量仍显著高于对照(n=3,p<0.05)。蚯蚓粪基质穴盘苗在高温胁迫下叶片SOD,CAT活性增强,与此相反,对照SOD,POD,CAT活性均减弱;高温胁迫下对照穴盘苗叶片电解质渗出率和MDA含量增加幅度较大,分别比蚯蚓粪基质穴盘苗提高了4.47%~102.31%和33.69%~47.75%。说明蚯蚓粪基质黄瓜、西瓜穴盘苗具有较强的耐热性。     

冬前低温条件下冬小麦品种间叶绿素荧光参数的比较

为比较抗寒性不同的冬麦品种低温和不同光强作用下叶绿素荧光参数的变化,以3个抗寒性不同的冬麦品种为材料,分别在低温驯化期、低温驯化结束期和封冻期取样,室内暗处理后给予6个不同的光强,测定不同光强下的光合电子传递速率(ETR)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)和非光化学猝灭系数(qN)。结果表明,低温、高光强下抗寒品种东农冬麦1号的ETR、qP和qN显著高于其他2个品种,济麦22的这几个叶绿素荧光参数最低。封冻前抗寒中间型东农705品系的热耗散保持较高水平,但进入封冻期后其热耗散能力迅速降低。     

阴山北麓地区马铃薯品种抗旱特性的研究

在不同马铃薯品种抗旱节水性比较试验中,对引进的8个马铃薯品种生理指标、水分利用效率和产量进行了比较研究,结果表明:底西芮、紫花白和费乌瑞它在干旱条件下,脯氨酸含量较少,质膜透性较小,叶绿素含量较大;底西芮的产量和水分利用效率均表现最高,产量和水分利用效率分别为34233.8kg/hm²和60.58kg/(mm.hm²),是适宜本地区栽培的抗旱节水马铃薯品种。     

抗虫棉不同类型品种苗期耐盐理化特性差异研究

 为揭示不同基因型抗虫棉耐盐性差异的生理机制,指导抗虫棉耐盐品种鉴选和盐碱地棉花生产,以耐盐性差异显著的两类转Bt基因抗虫棉品种——耐盐性强的鲁K536、鲁棉研18优选系,耐盐性弱的新棉33B优选系、鲁K1258——为试验材料,利用不同盐分含量砂培与土培试验相结合,比较研究它们苗期的主要理化指标变化。结果表明,在NaCl胁迫下,耐盐性强的品种苗期叶片内的K⁺含量显著高于耐盐性弱的品种,Na⁺含量显著低于耐盐性弱的品种,丙二醛含量也显著低于耐盐性弱的品种,而游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖、类胡萝卜素含量均显著高于耐盐性弱的品种。耐盐性强的品种棉苗的过氧化物酶活性、叶绿素a、b和a+b含量以及净光合速率明显高于耐盐性弱的品种。表明棉花的耐盐性强弱因基因型而异,基因型间的耐盐性差异与丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、类胡萝卜素含量和保护酶活性以及盐离子在叶片中累积量的差异有关。     

模拟干旱胁迫下不同甘蓝型油菜品种发芽能力的配合力与遗传效应分析

选择7个干旱胁迫下发芽能力不同的甘蓝型油菜品种进行完全双列杂交, 将亲本及F₁代种子在10% PEG模拟干旱胁迫条件下发芽, 测定相对单株鲜重、相对茎长、相对成苗率、相对发芽率、相对发芽势和相对活力指数, 用Griffing I方法对发芽性状进行一般配合力(GCA)和特殊配合力(SCA)遗传分析。结果表明, 一般配合力方差在42个组合间各性状达到了极显著水平, 特殊配合力方差在42个组合间除了相对活力指数外的各性状也达到了极显著水平。其中, 中双9号上述6性状的一般配合力效应值最高分别为0.0656、0.0708、0.1185、0.1048、0.1096和0.0861; 中双6号一般配合力效应虽然不高, 但其组合中双6号×西农长角和中双6号×中双10号的特殊配合力效应较高, 是耐旱性较强的组合。     

Production of mutants with high cold tolerance in spring canola (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis>)

A major factor affecting spring canola (Brassica napus) production in Canada is killing frosts during seedling development in the spring and seed maturation in the fall. The objective of this study was to explore the possibility of producing spring canola lines with mutations that have altered biochemical pathways that increase cold tolerance. The approach was to generate UV point mutations in cultured microspores followed by chemical in vitro selection of individual mutant microspores or embryos resulting in measurable alterations to various biochemical pathways with elevated levels of key defense signaling molecules such as, salicylic acid (SA), p-Fluoro-d,l-Phenyl Alanine (FPA), and jasmonic acid (JA). In addition, since proline (Pro) is known to protect plant tissues in the cold-induced osmotic stress pathway, mutants that overproduce Pro were selected in vitro by using three Pro analogues: hydroxyproline (HP), azetidine-2-carboxylate (A2C); and, 3,4-dehydro-d,l-proline (DP). Of the 329 in vitro selected mutant embryos produced, 74 were identified with significant cold tolerance compared to their donor parents through indoor freezer tests at −6°C, and 19 had better winter field survival than winter canola checks. All chemically selected mutant doubled haploids with increased cold tolerance compared well with parent lines for all seed quality and agronomic parameters. Development of increased frost tolerant cultivars should allow for spring canola to be produced in western Canada without compromising seed quality.     

叶绿体型转昆虫抗冻蛋白基因烟草的耐寒性

根据已构建的大豆叶绿体表达载体pJY01,设计特异性引物,将昆虫抗冻蛋白基因MpAFP149插入此载体中构成叶绿体表达载体pJY01-MpAFP149,利用基因枪轰击法转化烟草,经壮观霉素筛选获得4株叶绿体型转抗冻蛋白基因烟草株系。PCR和PCR-Southern结果显示外源基因已整合至烟草叶绿体基因组中但同质化水平不高,RT-PCR结果也表明昆虫抗冻蛋白基因已发生了转录。将野生型烟草、叶绿体型转抗冻蛋白基因烟草及核转化T₁代转抗冻蛋白基因烟草(pCAMBIA1302- MpAFP149)于–1℃低温处理3 d,观察耐寒表型及测定相对电导率。结果表明, 叶绿体型转基因烟草的耐寒表型优于野生型烟草,但与核转化的T₁代转抗冻蛋白基因烟草无显著差异。处理3 d时,叶绿体型转基因烟草和T₁代转抗冻蛋白基因烟草的电导率分别为39.2%和38.2%,而野生型烟草已达73.7%。本实验获得的异质化转叶绿体抗冻蛋白基因烟草与转核基因烟草的耐寒力无差异。     

Identification of QTLs associated with salinity tolerance at late growth stage in barley

Salinity is a major abiotic stress to barley (Hordum vulgare L.) growth and yield. In the current study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for yield and physiological components at the late growth stage under salt stress and non-stress environments were determined in barley using a double haploid population derived from a cross between CM72 (salt-tolerant) and Gairdner (salt-sensitive). A total of 30 QTLs for 10 traits, including tiller numbers (TN), plant height, spikes per line (SPL), spikes per plant (SPP), dry weight per plant, grains per plant, grain yield, shoot Na⁺ (NA) and K⁺ concentraitions (K) in shoot, and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio (NAK), were detected, with 17 and 13 QTLs under non-stress and salt stress, respectively. The phenotypic variation explained by individual QTL ranged from 3.25 to 29.81%. QTL flanked by markers bPb-1278 and bPb-8437 on chromosomes 4H was associated with TN, SPL, and SPP under salt stress. This locus may be useful in the breeding program of marker-assisted selection for improving salt tolerance of barley. However, QTLs associated with NA, K, and NAK differed greatly between non-stress and salt stress environments. It may be suggested that only the QTLs detected under salt stress are really associated with salt tolerance in barley. D. Xue and Y. Huang contributed equally to the article.     

8种棕榈植物幼苗耐盐性的比较分析

摘要：将加那利海枣(Phoenix canariensis)、棍棒椰子(Hyophorbe verschaffeltii)、三角椰子（Dypsis decaryi）、国王椰子（Ravenea rivularis）、飓风椰子（Dictyosperma album）、大王椰子（Roystonea regia）、红棕榈（Latania lontanoides）和狐尾椰子(Wodyetia bifurcata)8种棕榈植物幼苗培养在不同含盐量的土壤中,研究了土壤盐度与棕榈植物幼苗株高生长、植株各部分生物量的关系,确定棕榈植物幼苗生长的土壤盐度的适宜值、临界值和极限值。根据植物生长量和土壤盐度的关系曲线,可以分成3种类型：低盐促进类型（三角椰子和棍棒椰子）、直线负相关类型（国王椰子、加那利海枣和飓风椰子）和低盐敏感类型（狐尾椰子、红棕榈和大王椰子）。8种棕榈植物幼苗耐盐性依次为：加那利海枣>棍棒椰子>三角椰子>国王椰子>飓风椰子>大王椰子>红棕榈>狐尾椰子。