热处理对稀有放线菌分离效果的影响

采用稀释涂布分离法研究了土样热预处理对稀有放线菌分离效果的影响。结果表明：在一定的处理时间下,预处理温度升高,稀有放线菌的数量相对增加,而细菌数量相对减少。热预处理有利于稀有放线菌孢子萌发,相对提高稀有放线菌的出菌率,同时对细菌生长有一定抑制作用。120℃加热预处理1h和1.5h,稀有放线菌分离效果最好。     

莲子薄层热风干燥特性与水分变化规律

为了解莲子干燥过程中水分传递过程,监控、预测水分变化,该文通过开展莲子薄层热风干燥试验,考察了莲子在不同干燥温度(50、60、70、80、90℃)下干燥特性,建立了莲子热风干燥试验模型;利用低场核磁共振技术(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR),弛豫时间(transverse relaxation time,T2)和成像(nuclear magnetic resonance imaging,MRI),考察了干燥过程中莲子内部水分分布状态与变化规律。结果表明,莲子干燥一直处于降速干燥段;干燥温度显著影响干燥过程(P0.05),干燥温度升高,干燥时间缩短;通过比较4种数学模型,发现莲子干燥过程采用Midilli模型(决定系数R20.998)进行准确模拟(相对误差E10%);有效扩散系数在6.056 7×10-10~1.660 3×10-9 m2/s之间,并随着干燥温度的升高而增大;活化能为24.268 5 k J/mol。核磁共振试验表明,半结合水是莲子的特征水分,占新鲜莲子总水分的85.59%,其脱除过程呈现指数特征(R20.91);干燥过程中,不同状态的水分流动性变差。莲子内部存在水分梯度,表层最先失去水分,莲芯水分最后脱除;干燥终止时,剩余水分主要存在于莲芯部位。MRI为确定莲子干燥终点提供了直观的参考依据。研究结果可为控制莲子热风干燥过程、优化干燥工艺参数提供理论依据。     

保水剂对土壤的物理性质与水分入渗的动态影响

保水剂在农业上的应用对于缓解干旱具有重要的意义,但其应用后会发生降解而最终失去保水作用,因此了解其在降解过程中引起的土壤物理性质的动态变化及水分运动的机理,是其能否正确应用的关键,本试验以保水剂在农业应用中的典型用量为基础,研究了保水剂对土壤的物理性质动态影响及一维土壤水分。结果表明,保水剂施入土壤后其性能不断衰减是导致土壤物理性质不断变化的最根本原因;土壤中施用保水剂后土壤的质量饱和含水率明显增加,饱和导水率降低,但随着保水剂性能的逐渐衰减,饱和含水率呈现下降趋势,饱和导水率呈现上升趋势;施入保水剂后土壤的扩散率是一个曲面,并且随着保水剂自身性能的衰减,呈现逐渐扩展的趋势;施用保水剂后土壤入渗的湿润锋前进速度下降,这主要是由于施用保水剂土壤的饱和含水量增加和保水剂膨胀堵塞土壤孔隙造成的;通过对施用保水剂土壤的扩散率和导水率的分时段研究,最终建立施用保水剂土壤的一维水分运动方程,试验证明其可行,且精度在允许的范围内。     

赤峰市丘陵坡地不同跨度日光温室综合性能比较分析

针对目前内蒙古自治区目光温室跨度建造不规范的现状,试验比较分析了赤峰市跨度分别为8．0m、8．5m、9．0m、9．5m和10．0m日光温室的光热特性、产量、生产成本以及投入产出比差异,结果表明：在其它建造参数不变的情况下,在该试验条件下,随着温室跨度增加,温室透光率、空气温度、空气湿度、土壤温度环境因子逐渐变优;平均667m^2产量逐渐增加,10m跨度日光温室秋冬茬番茄两年平均产量9310．4kg/67m^2,显著高于8m跨度产量8470．6kg／667m^2;建造成本、折旧成本、生产成本都在增加,但投入产出比也在增加,10m跨度投入产出比为1：3．8．而8m跨度为1：3．6     

Thermal degradation kinetics of bioactive compounds from black rice flour (Oryza sativa L.) extracts

The effect of thermal processing on the degradation of the phytochemicals in black rice flour by means of fluorescence spectroscopy and degradation kinetics was investigated. In order to investigate the influence of food matrices, a comparative analysis between integral rice flour and different fractions was performed. The preliminary compositional results suggested a higher content in phytochemicals in fraction four of the seven fractions of black rice flour, which was sifting through a sieve with a diameter of 180 μm. The compositional complexity was highlighted by fluorescence spectroscopy. The heat-treatment caused structural changes that led to red- or blue-shifts in maximum emission. The first-order kinetic model was used to describe the mechanism of degradation. The activation energies were 10.07 ± 1.04 kJ/mol for total polyphenolic, 7.26 ± 0.58 kJ/mol for total monomeric anthocyanins and 6.71 ± 1.12 kJ/mol for antioxidant activity in case of integral flour extract. For fraction four extract obtained by, the E_a values were: 3.51 ± 0.53 kJ/mol, 11.49 ± 1.47 kJ/mol, 15.80 ± 1.50 kJ/mol and 19.91 ± 3.27 kJ/mol, respectively. The calculated values of the activation energy revealed higher temperature dependence of total polyphenols in integral flour and of antioxidant activity in fraction four, respectively.     

Thermographic Eye Temperature as an Index to Body Temperature in Ponies

Infrared thermography (IRT) is a passive, remote, and noninvasive method of measuring surface temperatures. Select surface locations, such as the eye, could indicate body temperature. To investigate whether thermographic eye temperatures were associated with body temperatures and could be used to detect febrile ponies, we measured IRT eye temperatures, rectal temperatures, and implanted thermal microchip temperatures from 24 male ponies daily for 3 consecutive days. Information regarding distance of the pony from the IRT device, presence of direct sunlight during the measurement period, and ambient temperature were also collected. A multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that 60.41% of the variance in IRT was accounted for by rectal temperature, sunlight, and distance between the camera and the pony, with rectal temperature being the major contributor to variance (46.23%). Using a rectal temperature of >38.6°C (101.5°F) as the indicator of febrile status, sensitivity and specificity of the IRT device used to detect the febrile ponies were found to be 74.6% and 92.3%, respectively, when using the maximum IRT eye temperature per pony per day. In conclusion, IRT eye temperature could be a preliminary screening tool to determine whether a more time-consuming, labor-intensive, and invasive method (e.g., rectal temperature) is warranted for fever validation.     

Effect of the Depth of Insertion of the Thermometer on the Rectal Temperature of Donkeys During the Hot-Dry Season in a Tropical Savannah

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the depth of insertion and environmental parameters on the rectal temperature (RT) in donkeys during the hot-dry season in a tropical savannah zone of Nigeria. The experimental subjects were comprised of thirty donkeys divided into three groups based on age: group I, 10 foals (40.67 ± 2.20 kg; 1.50 ± 0.02 months); group II, 10 yearlings (91.53 ± 0.54 kg; 1.51 ± 0.01 years); and group III, 10 adults (140 ± 0.71 kg; 8.03 ± 0.06 years). Each group was divided into 5 male and 5 female donkeys. Measurements of the RT were recorded with a digital thermometer probe (model HI935007, Hanna Instruments), which was inserted into the rectum at varying depths of 3.5, 7, 10.5, and 14 cm in the same animal in each group. There was a gradual increase in the RT in donkeys as the depth of insertion was increased from 3.5 cm (36.60°C) to 14 cm (38.40°C). Data obtained from the study were subjected to repeated-measures analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's post-hoc test to compare mean values between different depths of RT measurements. Overall, there was a variation in the RT by the depth of insertion with the shallow depth of 3.5 cm having a lower RT than the depths of 7, 10.5, and 14 cm. The variation of the RT observed in donkeys showed that there is need to standardize the probe-insertion depth in veterinary clinical practice for accurate measurement of the RT in donkeys in the Northern Guinea savannah zone of Nigeria.     

林地土壤水分运动的数学模型

应用森林水文学、土壤物理学和土壤水动力学的基本原理建立了林地土壤水分运动的数学模型,以模拟林地土壤剖面水分变化、林地土壤的入渗、径流和水分再分布过程。模型是在IBM386上建成的。土壤水分特征参数的测定采用了双环入渗器配以多层张力计的野外实地土壤水分再分布法。     

温度对茶蚕卵期发育影响的研究

茶蚕Andraca bipunctata walker(鳞翅目,蚕蛾科)的卵,在有效温度范围内,发育进度随温度升高而加快。在恒温条件下,卵的发育起点温度为7.39℃,有效积温常数为201.69日度。卵期发育的数学模式:y=7.39+201.69x,预测式:N=(201.69±32.34)/(T-(7.39±2.90))。