主要栽培因子对甘蓝型油菜各枝序角果含油量的影响

为了研究不同播种期、密度、氮肥对油菜各枝序含油量的影响,同时研究油菜不同枝序不同层次含油量的变化规律,以甘蓝型油菜品种‘华油杂9号’为材料进行系统试验。结果表明：随着氮肥增加,各枝序含油量均显著降低,平均增加纯氮15 kg/hm2,各枝序含油量降低0.54%~0.98%;第4个播期的各枝序含油量明显低于前3个播期,即晚播（11月1号以后播种）不利于油分的积累;不同密度下各枝序含油量变化规律并不十分明显。主枝含油量要大于各分枝含油量,各分枝含油量从上至下呈先升后降的趋势;主枝从下至上含油量呈先上升后下降的趋势,在主枝角果较多的情况下顶层部分的含油量要稍高于下层部分的含油量,主枝角果越多,含油量变异幅度越大,最大变异达到3.68%。     

胆木硬枝扦插育苗研究

以1年生胆木萌芽条作试验材料,对不同径段、不同生根剂种类和浓度及不同基质进行生根培养试验。结果表明:本试验研究范围内比较理想的生根剂种类为ABT-1,浓度为800倍溶液,适合扦插的插穗径段为0.5～1.0cm,最好的基质为砖红壤土。     

Tree and stand structure of the non-native Pinus contorta in relation to native Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies in young managed forests in boreal Sweden

Managed forest stands are typically younger and structurally less diverse than natural forests. Introduction of non-native tree species might increase the structural changes to managed forest stands, but detailed analyses of tree- and stand-structures of native and non-native managed forests are often lacking. Improved knowledge of non-native forest structure could help clarify their multiple values (e.g. habitat for native biodiversity, bioenergy opportunities). We studied the structural differences between the introduced, non-native Pinus contorta and the native Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies over young forest stand ages (13–34 years old) in managed forests in northern Sweden. We found that P. contorta stands had greater mean basal areas, tree heights, diameters at breast height, and surface area of living branches than the two native species in young stands. The surface area of dead attached branches was also greater in P. contorta than P. abies. Although this indicates greater habitat availability for branch-living organisms, it also contributes to the overall more shaded conditions in stands of P. contorta. Only one older 87 years old P. contorta stand was available, and future studies will tell how structural differences between P. contorta and native tree species develop over the full forestry cycle.     

不同地径截干对旱冬瓜枝条萌发与穗条产量的影响

以3年生的旱冬瓜(Alnus nepalensis)实生苗为试验材料,以地径聚类分级的5个类群为变量,开展单因素的截干试验,了解截干对其枝条萌发相关指标和穗条产量的影响。结果表明,类群的平均1级分枝数、2级分枝数、有效分枝数和单株穗条产量分别为4.1~9.6、1.3~2.3、5.5~11.3枝/株和24~56条/株;类群间此4个指标具有极显著的差异(P0.01)。1级分枝的穗条产量占总产量的79.9%~94.6%,即穗条主要来源于1级分枝。随着地径增大,穗条产量也随之增加,当地径≥3.00 cm时进行截干,可极显著地增加穗条产量。因此,截干前培育壮苗促进旱冬瓜地径生长是提高其扦插穗条产量的主要途径之一。     

切花月季红唇高枝修剪的生育期及产量

为满足切花月季不同花期需要,以自主选育月季红唇切花新品种为供试材料,采用高枝留桩修剪方法研究其生育特性和产量。结果表明:高枝修剪萌芽集中,生长一致,萌发2.3个腋芽,形成花枝2.1枝,切花品质一致,花期提前5d,产量提高11.13%。该试验获得月季红唇高枝留桩调整花期、提高切花产量和质量的方法。     

Tendonitis of branches of the superficial digital flexor tendon in Standardbred racehorses: 15 cases

This case report describes the clinical and ultrasonographic findings and performance outcome of distal tendonitis of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in Standardbred racehorses. Cases with distal tendonitis of the SDFT in isolation (not associated with a metacarpal lesion) were reviewed retrospectively. The clinical and ultrasonographic findings and performance outcome were reviewed. The injury was located on the left forelimb in 67% (10/15) of horses and on the right forelimb in 33% (5/15). None of the horses were affected bilaterally. The lateral branch was involved in 80% of the cases (12/15) and medial branch in 20% (3/15). None of the horses were affected biaxially. Mean time between injury and first start ± s.d. was 302 ± 142 days. Returning to racing was observed in 93% of the horses (14/15), with a reinjury rate of 22% (2/9). For horses which raced after the injury, the number of starts, shows and wins was not significantly different before and after injury, regardless of the location of the lesion. Tendonitis of branches of the SDFT in isolation carries a good prognosis in Standardbred racehorses. A higher return to racing and a lower reinjury rate may be expected compared to lesions in the metacarpal region.     

播种量和品种对紫花苜蓿分枝数和株高的影响

采用裂区设计,以播量(15.0,22.5,30.0 kg/hm²)为主区,8个不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿品种为副区,研究其对植株分枝数和植株高度的影响,旨在为紫花苜蓿生产提供科学依据。结果表明,1)苜蓿的播种量不同对其1、2级分枝数均无显著差异,且不同品种之间分枝数差异也多不显著;从不同年度看,不同品种的1、2级分枝数均表现出2014年>2013年>2012年的变化趋势。2)不同品种间2级/1级分枝数比值,2012和2013年之间差异不显著,但绝大部分显著高于2014年。3)播种量对植株高度有一定影响,大部分品种的植株高度表现出30.0 kg/hm²<22.5 kg/hm²<15.0 kg/hm²的趋势。因此,适当减少紫花苜蓿播种量对1、2级分枝数没有影响,但提高了植株高度。     

开张角度对苹果植株体内源激素含量及平衡的影响

【目的】为开张角度技术在苹果生产上的推广提供理论依据。【方法】以3年生盆栽富士苹果(Malus domestica Borkh.cv.Red Fuji)/平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis)为试材,研究开张角度对富士苹果植株体内源激素含量及平衡的影响。【结果】苹果植株茎尖的内源ABA含量随开张角度的增大显著上升,在新梢生长初期,枝条水平和枝条下垂与对照相比,分别升高了17.5%和29.2%;GAs、IAA、ZRs含量均有不同程度的下降,其中GAs、IAA含量下降显著,ZRs含量差异不显著。开张角度后,细根的内源ABA含量显著上升,GAs、IAA含量均有降低,ZRs含量差异不显著;茎尖与细根的(IAA+GAs+ZRs)/ABA比值随开张角度增大显著降低,在秋梢生长期,对照、枝条水平和枝条下垂3个处理茎尖的(IAA+GAs+ZRs)/ABA比值分别为2.11、1.61和1.36。【结论】开张角度使促进生长型激素GAs、IAA的含量显著减少,(IAA+GAs+ZRs)/ABA比值降低。     

静电场对三角梅插穗生根及几种生理生化指标的影响

在三角梅种苗智能化快繁中,设置0、30、60、90 kV/cm四种静电场处理,探讨对三角梅插穗生根及生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:三角梅插穗生根期间,在0～60 kV/cm静电场范围内插穗的成活率、根系活力、根鲜重、可溶性糖含量、POD酶活性随着电场强度的增强而提高,其中在不定根诱导期插穗的吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性也随着电场强度的增强而提高。90 kV/cm静电场处理插穗的成活率、根系活力、可溶性糖含量、POD酶活性、吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性反而下降;30～90 kV/cm静电场处理插穗的可溶性蛋白含量均高于对照,且随着电场强度的增强而增加。方差分析表明,60 kV/cm静电场处理生物学效应好,其成活率、根系活力、根鲜重均显著高于对照,是三角梅插穗生根的最佳静电场处理;90 kV/cm电场处理不利于三角梅插穗生根及生理生化代谢,说明了静电场对三角梅插穗生根及生理生化的影响存在着电场极限。     

Analysis of the natural infection of European horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) by Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi

Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi (Psa) is an emerging bacterial pathogen responsible for a recent epidemic of bleeding canker of European horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) in northwest Europe. Very little is known about the infection biology of this pathogen, which can cause lethal cankers in the branches and stem of its host. In this study, branches and whole trees of European horse chestnut naturally infected with Psa were subjected to detailed morphological and histological examination to identify the primary infection sites, the time of infection, and the patterns of subsequent lesion expansion within the host. Lesions developed during the host dormant season on the 2003–2009 extension growth increments and were centred mainly on lenticels, leaf scars and nodes. The oldest lesion developed in the 2004/2005 dormant season and the number of new lesions increased in each subsequent year. The lesions developed in the cortex and phloem and extended into the cambium to cause cankers, but there was no evidence of necrosis in the xylem. All lesions on the branches were discrete and apparently contained by a necrophylactic periderm, although there was evidence that Psa could survive within such periderms and subsequently breach them. Examination of two whole 30‐year‐old trees revealed extensive, continuous cankers in the phloem and cambium which had formed within a single growing season. Thus, the success of Psa as a tree pathogen and the causal agent of a large‐scale epidemic may in part reflect an ability to infect the aerial woody parts of its host directly.