Effects site conditions on industrial fiber plantations of Lar/x olgensis

Plot sampling was conducted in the second cultivation areas ofLarix olgensis in Heilongjiang Province, China. By analyzing plot investigation data, wood properties, and kraft pulps of 840 plots and 248 sample trees in industrial plantations of L. olgensis on different sites, we examined the growth process of L. olgensis industrial plantation with suitable structure, the wood fiber feature, chemical composition, physical performance and pulp characteristics. It is suggested that site conditions have major effects on plantation growth, fiber contains, fiber length, rate between fiber length and fiber width, pulping rate and pulp physics intensity. The best site for L. olgensis industrial plantation growth is site class Ⅰ and site class Ⅱ, which are on lower locations. Site condition has an obvious influence on the wood characteristics. Within the range of site conditions and stand densities studied, the worse the site condition, the less the fiber contains, the shorter the fiber length, and the more the 1% NaOH extraction. This kind of relationship becomes more obvious as stand age increases. However, the influence of site condition on pulping rate and pulp physics intensity is not obvious. The result provides theoretical base for cultivation of industrial fiber plantation of L. olgensis.     

Carbon return and dynamics of litterfall in natural forest and monoculture plantation of Castanopsis kawakamii in subtropical China

The amount of carbon returned through litterfall and its seasonal pattern were studied in a natural forest of Castanopsis kawakamii (NF) and adjacent monoculture plantations of C. kawakamii (CK) and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) (CF) in Sanming, Fujian Province, China. Mean annual carbon return through total litterfall over 3 years (from 1999 to 2001) was 5.097 t·hm⁻² in the NF, 4.337 t·hm⁻² in the CK and 2.502 t·hm⁻² in the CF respectively. Of the total carbon return in the three forests, leaf contribution accounted for 58.96%, 68.53% and 56.12% and twig 24.41%, 22.34% and 26.18%, respectively. The seasonal patterns of carbon return from total litterfall and leaf-litter were quite similar among the three forests. A peak of carbon input from litterfall in the NF and the CK occurred in spring except for the highest annual C return through branch litter of the NF in summer, while the CF showed the maximum C return in summer. The results of this study demonstrate that the natural forest has a greater C return through litterfall than monoculture plantations, which is beneficial to the increase of soil organic matter storage and the maintenance of soil fertility. [Supported by the Teaching and Research Award Program of MOE P.R.C. (TRAPOYT) and the Key Basic Research Project of Fujian Province (2000F004)]     

花椒林地不同地面覆盖的水热效应研究

花椒(Zanthoxylumbungeanum)为芸香科(Rutaceae)花椒属落叶灌木或小乔木,是重要的调味品、香料及木本油料树种。我国花椒主产于四川、甘肃、陕西、山东、河北、河南等省,栽培历史悠久(曾京京,2000)。花椒耐干旱瘠薄,根系发达,表层根系密度大,水平根的分布大于冠幅3~4倍(余晓林,2003),因而是山区生态造林的重要树种。近年来,在退耕还林项目中被列为生态经济树种,在发展山区经济中发挥了重要作用(魏玉君等,1996;何腾兵等,2000)。研究(李洪钵等,1991;曹彬等,2002)表明,通过施肥、整形修剪等措施可提高花椒的产量。然而,目前花椒园土壤管理中仍…     

南方重大冰雪灾害对福建省建阳市毛竹林的影响及成因分析

以福建省建阳市毛竹林为研究对象,对2008年重大冰雪灾害中毛竹林受灾的成因、危害方式以及与林分结构特征、地形等的关系及未来的影响进行了调查分析。结果表明,海拔高、坡位低、林型简单、林分密度大的毛竹林受灾严重,受灾毛竹的径级分布呈近正态分布趋势。同时探讨了冰雪灾害对人工林生态系统内病虫害、火灾、林下植被、生境因子和种群变化可能产生的影响。     

马占相思人工林生态系统养分积累与分配

通过对8年生马占相恩人工林生态系统养分积累与分配的研究,结果表明：林地土壤0-50cm土层内全c积累量为69090kg·hm^-2,全N积累量为3725kg·hm^-2,全P积累量为647kg·hm^-2,交换性K积累量为648kg·hm^-2,交换性Ca积累量为987kg·hm^-2,交换性Mg积累量为63kg·hm^-2;凋落物养分积累量N为58．764kg·hm^-2·a^-1,P积累量为1．608kg·hm^-2·a^-1,K积累量为9．021kg·hm^-2·a^-1,Ca积累量为22．898kg·hm-2·a^-1,Mg积累量为4．079kg·hm^-2·a^-1;人工林林分各元素积累量N为277．04kg·hm^-2、P为7．72kg·hm^-2、K为57．21kg·hm^-2、Ca为93．22kg·hm^-2、Mg为10．24kg·hm^-2;林下植被养分积累量N、P、K、Ca、Mg分别为35．40、2．67、29．47、22．38、4．00kg·hm^-2。     

破壁云南松花粉成分分析及其安全性和功能评价

对破壁云南松花粉的营养和功能成分、食用安全性以及功能学检测证实，云南松花粉营养及功能成分全面、丰富，食用安全并具抗疲劳、调节血脂、延缓衰老、提高人体免疫功能的药用及保健功效。     

桂西北秃杉人工林土壤肥力变化的研究

采用时空互换法,于广西南丹县山口林场选取不同林龄(9、14、20 a)的秃杉人工林作为研究对象,对其土壤物理性质、化学性质和生物化学性质(土壤酶活性)进行研究。结果表明:不同林分年龄土壤性质存在一定的差异,8、14、20 a秃杉人工林表层土壤(0 20 cm)土壤密度分别为0.978、0.914、0.890 g·cm^-3,总孔隙度分别为63.10%、65.53 %、66.40%,土壤最大持水量分别为64.55%、71.70%、74.58%。随着林龄的增长,土壤各化学和生物化学指标的变化不尽相同,但林分年龄到20年生时,多数土壤养分和酶活性指标都有所升高,土壤肥力状况得到提高。     

高寒沙地不同林龄中间锦鸡儿主要养分元素的分配及循环特征

目的 了解沙地人工植被恢复过程中主要养分元素的分配及循环特征有助于全面地认识植物适应环境的策略,为沙地植被的管理提供理论依据。 方法 以高寒沙地6、9、11、17和31年生中间锦鸡儿人工灌木林为研究对象,采用野外标准株全株收获法,对人工林N、P和K 3种主要养分元素的含量、积累、分配和生物循环特征进行研究。 结果 （1）各组分中,叶和皮的养分含量最高,干的养分含量最低;随着林龄的增加,3个径级根系（粗根：直径 > 5 mm、中根：2 mm < 直径 ≤ 5 mm、细根：直径 ≤ 2 mm）N含量和叶片P含量显著增加,细根的P和K含量、枝和中根的K含量显著降低;3个径级根系N含量与细根P和K含量呈极显著的负相关关系,中根和细根的N含量与枝和中根的K含量呈极显著的负相关关系。（2）根系养分积累量大于地上组分,其占总养分积累量的百分比随林龄的增加先增加后降低,在17年生人工林达到峰值,N、P和K积累量百分比分别达70%、66%和63%。（3）随着林龄增加,3种养分元素的利用系数降低,循环系数和周转期增加;K的利用系数和循环系数明显大于N和P,周转期明显小于N和P。 结论 高寒沙地中间锦鸡儿人工灌木林生长过程中将更多的养分分配给根系来适应严酷的自然环境,其固氮过程会消耗自身的K和P,其中,K元素的循环速率较快,流动性大。因此,建议对中间锦鸡儿人工灌木林的管护过程中适当添加K肥和P肥。     

Ecological environment analysis ofAbies holophylla plantations under different cutting systems

Different types of plantations were observed in Baishilazi National Nature Reserve, Liaoning Province, for 34 a. The environmental quality ofAbies holophylla plantations was analyzed under different cutting systems. Analysis factors included soil erosion rate, humification degree of litters, and water hold capacity. The surface soil loss of clear cutting area was 19000t·km⁻²·a⁻¹ more than that of selective cutting area. The content of soil organic matter in board-leaved—Abies holophylla forest was 4.62% more than that in pure stand, and the water hold capacity of the mixed forest was 1.43 time of that of pure stand. The mixed forest of board-leaved—Abies holophylla by selective cutting can upgrade the ecological environment quality. This paper is a part of a key project from Liaoning Science Committee. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

Multiple rotation yields for intensively managed plantations in the Amazon basin

Jari Celulose S. A. is a Brazilian-owned industrial enterprise located along the Jari River (the first major south-flowing tributary of the Amazon). The company produces bleached kraft pulp for international and domestic sales. The raw material of this pulp production comes from the 75,000 ha of intensively managed plantations of Pinus caribaea (Morelet) and Eucalyptus spp. harvested on 10- and 6-year rotations, respectively. All currently active Jari plantations were converted from primary forest between 1968 and 1982. Silvicultural practices have been modified over successive rotations, including plantation species changes, increased intensity of site preparation, fertilization, and chemical weed control. A review of data from the early 1970s to present indicates an increase in productivity over successive rotations and several plantation locations and soil types. The reasons for this improvement are primarily related to the higher levels of silvicultural inputs and dramatic genetic gains. The long-term sustainability of this productivity is discussed in terms of current and future inputs. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.