家蚕糖转运蛋白基因BmST3的克隆及序列分析与表达研究

糖转运蛋白在家蚕体内糖类化合物的转运与代谢过程中发挥重要作用。在电子克隆的基础上,通过RT-PCR方法克隆了家蚕糖转运蛋白基因BmST3(GenBank登录号:GQ871756)。生物信息学分析结果显示,该基因位于家蚕27号染色体,开放阅读框(ORF)长1434bp,编码477个氨基酸,预测蛋白有典型的Sugar_tr结构域和12个疏水的跨膜结构域,与埃及伊蚊、致倦库蚊、冈比亚按蚊、赤拟谷盗登录号分别为EAT47626、EDS35465、EAA11457、EFA05337的同源蛋白相似性均在60%以上。RT-PCR检测和基因芯片信号值分析结果显示,BmST3基因的表达具有组织特异性,在家蚕5龄第3天幼虫的9种组织中,主要在马氏管中大量表达,推测其可能在马氏管细胞膜内外物质的跨膜转运中发挥作用。     

乳酸菌胞外多糖生物合成与遗传调控研究进展

乳酸菌是被公认的安全食用菌株,其合成的胞外多糖由于具有良好的物理学特性和生物学活性,受到人们的广泛关注。了解多糖合成途径和糖基代谢过程对于改变多糖结构与产量具有重要意义。就乳酸菌胞外多糖生物合成途径、遗传调控以及在控制多糖产量与结构方面的研究现状进行简述。     

我国生物燃料乙醇产业的发展

综述了世界和中国生物燃料乙醇产业的发展状况、存在问题,并对我国生物燃料乙醇产业的发展提出建议。     

不同栽培法和收割期对甘蔗单产及含糖量影响的分析

本研究利用1975～2008年33年间日本南大东岛甘蔗生产数据, 分析了甘蔗栽培方法[新苗种植(包括夏植和春植)、宿根]和收割时期对其产量、品质和经济性的影响.结果表明, 不同栽培法甘蔗多年平均产量依次为夏植>宿根>春植; 新植甘蔗的种植期越早产量越高; 宿根甘蔗产量与前茬甘蔗的收割期呈二次函数曲线关系, 前茬甘蔗收割过早或过迟均对宿根甘蔗生长不利; 宿根甘蔗产量随宿根次数增加呈下降趋势; 宿根甘蔗含糖量通常高于新植甘蔗, 且不同栽培法下3月下旬前收获的甘蔗含糖量随收割期后延而逐渐增加.在此基础上, 建立了依据栽培方法、收割时期预测甘蔗单产和含糖量的数学模型, 模型对我国甘蔗种植业具有理论和实际的参考价值.     

Gut sugar analysis in field-caught parasitoids: Adapting methods originally developed for biting flies

The ability to determine the presence and identity of sugars in the guts of adult parasitoids in the field would aid researchers in addressing long-standing problems in parasitoid ecology. Until very recently, however, gut sugar analyses have not been carried out on parasitoids. This is despite the development and use of methodologies for gut sugar analyses in biting flies (mosquitoes, sand-flies, black-flies, horse- and deer-flies, and biting midges) for decades. Methods used have been the cold anthrone test for the detection of gut sugars, and various forms of chromatography for the identification of gut sugars. We review the use of these methods in biting fly research and then describe the nascent field of gut sugar analyses in parasitoids. Both cold anthrone and chromatography tests have begun to be used on field-caught parasitoids, and we describe progress from our own work. We used cold anthrone on the aphid parasitoid Aphelinus albipodus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), and results from one field study show that approximately one-fifth of individuals tested were positive for gut sugars. The characteristics of the field site point to the primary source of these gut sugars as being aphid honeydew. We also analysed the gut contents of Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a parasitoid of diamondback moth. In this case, HPLC analyses showed that over 85% of field-captured individuals had fed upon sugars. These same analyses suggested that honeydew may have been a major source of the gut sugars in this case also, but the sugar profiles suggest some nectar feeding. Understanding the importance of various sugar sources on parasitoid activity and effectiveness will facilitate the incorporation of sugar sources in habitat manipulation programmes as a part of IPM.     

SigmaPlot分析玉米茎秆含糖量与生育期关系

为了解新品种浙甜6号(超甜玉米)、浙糯玉6号(糯玉米)茎秆含糖量与生育期的关系,指导青秆适时收获用于牲畜饲料,用SigmaPlot 10.0软件对茎秆含糖量与生育期关系进行非线性回归分析,结果表明:浙甜6号、浙糯玉6号茎秆含糖量与生育期的非线性方程分别为f=5.0297+0.6714x-0.0264x2+2.9640E-04x3、f=5.0077+0.5294x-0.0174x2+1.4830E-04x3,由此可知,随着生育进程推进,浙甜6号茎秆糖含量表现为"低-高-平稳下滑"的变化趋势,浙糯玉6号茎秆糖含量表现为"低-高-快速下降"的变化趋势。     

近红外漫反射光谱技术测定砀山梨糖度的初步试验研究

应用傅里叶变换近红外漫反射技术快速获取梨子的近红外光谱信息,建立了光谱吸光度与梨子表面碰伤部位的糖度、梨子表面完好部位的糖度的相关关系,发现梨子表面碰伤以后的相关性比完好时要好得多,表明利用近红外光谱技术在全波长范围内无损检测梨子的糖度是可行且可靠的。     

Fine-Root Production and Aboveground Development for Loblolly Pine,Silver Maple,and Cottonwood

Fine-root production was studied in recently established loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), silver maple (Acer saccharinum), and cottonwood (Populus deltoides) biomass plantations. Dry weights of fine roots produced in ingrowth cores were recorded from April 2008 to March 2009 to quantify the temporal variation of fine-root production among the species. Similarly, fine-root production was compared to the monthly height and diameter increments, soil temperature, and moisture content. Species showed no significant difference in fine-root production; however, fine-root production varied by month. Fine-root production in September was significantly different from that of December and January combined, February, and May. Loblolly pine produced 49 g m^?2, whereas silver maple and cottonwood produced 37 g m^?2 and 35 g m^?2 of fine roots, respectively, during the study period. Fine-root production was not correlated with height increment, diameter increment, soil temperature, and soil moisture.     

Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Fractions in Temperate Alley Cropping Systems

Abstract

Alley cropping may promote greater sequestration of soil organic carbon. The objective of this study was to examine spatial variability of soil organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fractions relative to tree rows in established alley cropping systems in north central Missouri. Soils were collected to a depth of 30 cm from two alley cropped sites, a 19‐yr‐old pecan (Carya illinoinensis)/bluegrass (Poa trivialis) intercrop (pecan site) and an 11‐yr‐old silver maple (Acer saccharinum)/soybean (Glycine max)–maize (Zea mays) rotation (maple site). Particulate organic matter (POM) C constituted 15–65% and 14–41% of total organic C (TOC) at the pecan and maple sites respectively, whereas POM N comprised 3 to 24% of total N (TKN). TOC and TKN were on average 13% and 18% higher at the tree row than at the middle of the alley for surface soils (0–10 cm) at the pecan site, respectively. Similarly, POM C was two to three times higher at the tree row than the alley for subsurface soils at the maple site. No differences in microbial biomass C and N between positions were observed. Observed results suggest the existence of spatially dependent patterns for POM C, TOC, and TKN, relative to tree rows in alley cropping.     

甜菜原生质体培养再生植株的研究

以栽培甜菜的未授精胚珠或胚为外植体，在ＭＳ附加ＮＡＡ和ＢＡ的培养基上诱导愈伤组织，选择胚性愈伤组织进行继代培养，从该愈伤组织分离原生质体并以液体浅层法或半固体琼脂糖法培养在一系列培养基上，植板率为０．０１％～１．２％．再生愈伤组织形成后，转入固体培养基（ＭＳＢ）上培养，再转入分化培养基上分化出苗，分化率可达２．５％，由愈伤组织上切下分化苗在生根培养基上很容易诱导生根。