Analysis of gene network regulated by microRNA-375 in HCC

AIM: To investigate the expression of microRNA-375 (miR-375) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to analyze the target genes and signaling pathways regulated by miR-375. METHODS: The expression of miR-375 was examined at tissue microarray of HCC by in situ hybridization. The whole human genome chip and bioinformatics analysis were applied to screen out the differential expression genes and signaling pathways in 4 HCC cell lines transfected with miR-375 mimic. RESULTS: In situ hybridization showed the expression of miR-375 in HCC tissues were obviously higher than that in tumor-adjacent tissues (P < 0.05). There were 20 co-upregulated genes and 17 co-downregulated genes in all 4 cell lines. Bioinformatic analysis showed that there were 54 signaling pathways related to up-regulated genes and 48 signaling pathways related to down-regulated genes in all 4 cell lines. CONCLUSION: miR-375 may play a key role in the pathological process of HCC. The bioinformatic analysis is able to screen the target genes and signaling pathways regulated by miR-375 and to provide an explicit direction for further mechanism research on HCC.     

大花三色堇新品种‘冰紫’、‘猫咪’和‘微笑’

大花三色堇‘冰紫'花为淡紫色,侧瓣和唇瓣基部透白晕,嵌深紫条纹;‘猫咪'花为黄色,侧瓣及唇瓣基部有深褐色条纹;‘微笑'花为深紫色,侧瓣及唇瓣基部有白色斑块,嵌深紫色斑纹。播种后95~120 d开花,属早花品种;花量大,单株可同时盛开20余朵花;花期最长可达6个月,末花期延至夏初,耐热性好;适用于花坛及盆栽。     

台湾长翅稻蝗、小翅稻蝗交配后Mounting行动的解释

对台湾长翅稻蝗雌成虫与台湾长翅稻蝗和小翅稻蝗雄成虫先后进行４８ｈ配对饲养试验，结果表明，在它们交配以后，有足够使４卵块以上的卵受精的精子进入雌成虫，并贮存于其受精囊内．在雌成虫产下４卵块卵以后，仍具有受精能力．在台湾长翅稻蝗♀×小翅稻蝗♂后，以原台湾长翅稻蝗♀×台湾长翅稻蝗♂；或台湾长翅稻蝗♀×台湾长翅稻蝗♂后，以原台湾长翅稻蝗♀×小翅稻蝗♂，所获得的Ｆ１代，均为后来交配雄虫的子代．后来交配雄成虫的精子能取代雌虫受精囊内已有的先前交配雄成虫的精子，并使其受精．台湾长翅稻蝗和小翅稻蝗雄成虫交配后长时间的ｍｏｕｎｔｉｎｇ是一种守卫行动．目的在于阻止雌成虫再与其他雄成虫交配，保护其精子免被取代     

Structural Changes of 2V Chromosome of Haynaldia villosa Induced by Gametocidal Chromosome 3C of Aegilops triuncialis

Haynaldia villosa （2n=2X= 14, VV）, a relative of wheat, plays important roles in wheat improvement mainly owing to its disease resistance. Powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21 has been successfully transferred into wheat by Cytogenetic Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, China, and is widely used in the current wheat breeding programs. In this research, our objective is to further transfer and utilize the beneficial genes such as eye-spot resistance, yellow rust resistance, and gene of the tufted bristles on the glume ridge （a remarkable morphology） mapped on 2V of Haynaldia villosa. A disomic addition line with gametocidal chromosome 3C ofAegilops triuncialis added in Norin-26 was crossed to the wheat-H, villosa disomic substitution 2V（2D） and the hybrid F1 was then self-crossed. Chromosome C-banding, genomic in situ hybridization （GISH）, and meiotic analysis in combination with molecular markers were applied to detect the chromosome variations derived from hybrids Fz and F3. To date, four translocations including one small segmental translocation T6BS·6BL-2VS, two whole arm translocations （preliminarily designed as T3DS·2VL and T2VS.7DL） and one intercalary translocation T2VS·2VL-W-2VL, one deletion Del. 2VS·2VL-, one monotelosomic Mt2VS, and one isochromosome 2VS·2VS line have been developed and characterized. One wheat SSR marker Xwmc25.120 tagging 2VS and one wheat STS marker NAU/STSBCD135-1 （2BL） tagging 2VL were successfully used to confirm the alien chromosome segments involved in the seven lines. The tufted bristles on the glume ridge appeared in lines T2VS-7DL, Mt2VS, 2VS-2VS as well as the parent DS2V（2D）, whereas in T3DS·2VL, this trait did not appear. The gene controlling the tufted bristles was located on 2VS. Gametocidal chromosome 3C ofAegilops triuncialis could successfully induce chromosome 2V structural changes.     

In vitro techniques for genomic alteration in rice plants

Because of the explosive increase in world population, a sufficient food supply must be achieved by varietal improvement in the major cereal crops including rice. It is expected that new in vitro techniques incombination with conventional breeding methods may effectively raise the yield potential. On the other hand, there are many environmental problems to be solved world-wide such as, global warming, environmental pollution, ecological destruction, reduction in water supplies and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to rapidly develop new varieties for the future combining of higher yield potential with excellent grain quality, and resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses for the promotion of sustainable agriculture. Although many efforts have been made to introduce useful traits from wild species to cultivated rice via hybridization, it is still difficult to overcome breeding barriers such as cross incompatibility and hybrid sterility and inviability in practical breeding. Now in vitro techniques are going to make it possible to use genetic manipulation and cell culture and fusion techniques to speed up the breeding process. For sustainable agriculture, it is important to utilize the useful genes from alien species. For this purpose, asymmetric protoplast fusions have already been used successfully to transfer disease resistance in Brassica napus. In this experiment, a high level of resistance to the rice blast disease was transferred from wild species through asymmetric fusions. It is also noted that manipulation of cytoplasmic genomes is possible through asymmetric fusions as shown in the induction of new cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

转基因产品的检测方法

目前,转基因产品的检测方法主要有分子杂交、PCR方法、酶联免疫分析法和基因芯片等,其中分子杂交包括Southern杂交、Northern杂交和Western杂交。对以上转基因产品检测方法进行了介绍,并对它们的优缺点进行了分析。     

Association between bacterial community structures and mortality of fish larvae in intensive rearing systems

Bacterial community structures were analyzed in water used for rearing fish larvae by fluorescence in situ hybridization. In Experiment 1, red sea bream Pagrus major larvae were reared in two commercial seed production tanks. The survival rate in Tank 1 was higher than in Tank 2, even though phytoplankton, Nannochloropsis sp., was added to both tanks. In Tank 2, γ-proteobacteria became dominant (∼70% of total bacteria) on day 13, there after heavy larval mortalities occurred. In Tank 1, however, α-proteobacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster were predominant from day − 1 until day 13; no significant mortality was recorded. In Experiment 2, marble goby Oxyeleotris marmoratus larvae were cultured with or without Nannochloropsis sp. At the end of the experiment, larval survival rates in aquaria with Nannochloropsis sp. were significantly (P <0.05) higher than those without. In rearing water without Nannochloropsis sp., γ-proteobacteria increased during rearing. In rearing water with Nannochloropsis sp., α-prote obacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster were predominant at the beginning of the experiments and the relative abundance of γ-proteobacteria was maintained at a lower level throughout the experiments. The predominance of α-proteobacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster appears to be a good indicator of successful larval production.     

骨形态发生蛋白基因mRNA在牛卵巢组织中的表达研究

骨形态发生蛋白(BMP15)基因主要在哺乳动物卵巢中表达,对卵泡的发育和分化起重要作用。研究根据其他物种BMP15基因的保守序列设计特异性引物,采用RT-PCR技术,从牛卵巢中提取总RNA,扩增出BMP15cDNA序列;将此片段克隆到pGM-T载体中,经PCR鉴定和DNA序列测定分析验证;符合BMP家族基因结构特征,然后根据此序列构建cRNA探针,利用原位杂交技术检测牛卵巢BMP15基因mRNA的表达情况。原位杂交结果表明:牛BMP15基因,在初级卵泡和次级卵泡早期、初级和次级卵泡的颗粒细胞次级卵泡晚期都有表达,同时BMP15基因在透明带周围也表达,这可能是透明带周围细胞中的BMP15基因渗透到透明带中。     

细叶百合休眠与解除SSH文库构建及其调控基因的初步筛选

 为了验证百合鳞茎休眠解除过程中基因表达的差异性，以细叶百合休眠鳞茎和休眠解除鳞 茎为材料，利用抑制消减杂交技术构建了百合鳞茎休眠及解除正、反向抑制消减文库。文库富集了差异 基因，消减效率符合要求，插入片段集中于250 ~ 1 000 bp 之间。对正、反向文库随机挑选阳性克隆测序， 各获得100 个表达序列标签（EST），在NCBI 上进行BLASTx 分析，并用KOBAS 系统将获得的unigene 定位到Pathways 中。分析结果表明，休眠文库ESTs 功能主要涉及胁迫响应方面，如苯丙氨酸代谢途径、 促分裂素原活化蛋白激酶途径等与休眠有关。休眠解除文库在糖代谢、激素响应及信号转导方面表达量 较高，如亚油酸代谢途径、淀粉及蔗糖代谢途径等参与了休眠解除过程。