土壤持水特性参数与土壤质地尺度关系的联合多重分形分析

Soil water-retention characteristics at measurement scales are generally different from those at application scales, and there is scale disparity between them and soil physical properties. The relationships between two water-retention parameters, the scaling parameter related to the inverse of the air-entry pressure (αvG, cm-1) and the curve shape factor related to soil pore-size distribution (n) of the van Genuchten water-retention equation, and soil texture (sand, silt, and clay contents) were examined at multiple scales. One hundred twenty-eight undisturbed soil samples were collected from a 640-m transect located in Fuxin, China. Soil water-retention curves were measured and the van Genuchten parameters were obtained by curve fitting. The relationships between the two parameters and soil texture at the observed scale and at multiple scales were evaluated using Pearson correlation and joint multifractal analyses, respectively. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the parameter αvG was significantly correlated with sand, silt, and clay contents at the observed scale. Joint multifractal analyses, however, indicated that the parameter αvG was not correlated with silt and sand contents at multiple scales. The parameter n was positively correlated with clay content at multiple scales. Sand content was significantly correlated with the parameter n at the observed scale but not at multiple scales. Clay contents were strongly correlated to both water-retention parameters because clay content was relatively low in the soil studied, indicating that water retention was dominated by clay content in the field of this study at all scales. These suggested that multiple-scale analyses were necessary to fully grasp the spatial variability of soil water-retention characteristics.     

微生物发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生长、血清指标及肠道形态的影响

本文旨在研究微生物发酵豆粕对仔猪生长及血清指标的影响,并且根据肠道组织形态学的微观变化,评价了不同处理的豆粕对早期断奶仔猪肠道形态的影响.选用60头35日龄断奶体重为(8.62±0.21)kg的同窝杜×长×大仔猪,分为试验组和对照组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,分别饲喂以普通豆粕为对照组,微生物发酵豆粕为试验组的日粮.试验结果表明:饲喂微生物发酵豆粕使仔猪料重比降低8.39%(P＜0.05),腹泻指数降低39.96%(P＜0.01),血清尿素氮含量降低39.47%(P＜0.01),血清IgG含量降低6.35%(P＜0.05).豆粕经微生物发酵后减轻饲粮中大豆蛋白对肠道的过敏损伤,使肠道维持良好的结构形态,从而促进营养物质的消化吸收.     

The suitability of some blood gas and biochemical parameters as diagnostic tools or early indicators of ascites syndrome in broiler sire lines

In recent few years, there have been some attempts to find a reliable indicator trait as a selection criterion against susceptibility to ascites syndrome (AS). Blood parameters were of great interest as they could be measured in live animals without implementing an ascites‐inducing challenge (AIC). In this work, the suitability of some blood parameters was evaluated for diagnosing AS‐susceptible chicks in later steps of the disease in trial 1 as well as their early predictive ability in trial 2. In the first trial, one hundred 1‐day‐old chicks from two pure broiler lines namely S₁ and S₂ and, in the second trial, 226 1‐day‐old chicks from line S₂ were subjected to AIC. Saline drinking water (1200 mg/l) and lower‐than‐standard ambient temperatures were the implemented AICs in trials 1 and 2 respectively. The blood parameters including pH, partial pressure of O₂ (pO₂), partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂), bicarbonate ion concentration (BIC), percentage of haematocrit (HCT) and saturated haemoglobin (SaO₂) were measured twice per each bird at days 28 and 35 in trial 1 and once in trial 2 at day 21. The results of the first trial revealed that in line S₂ some of the blood parameters differed significantly between the ascitic and non‐ascitic groups following exposure to AIC. In this line, the incidence of AS was accompanied by a lower pO₂, SaO₂ and BIC, while with higher pCO₂ and HCT values. In the second trial, however, although almost all of the parameters showed meaningful differences between the ascitic and non‐ascitic broilers, only mean difference of BIC parameter was statistically significant. The general conclusion of this study is that the blood parameters can somewhat have diagnostic ability in the condition in which the AIC is already present, whereas the results did not approve their usefulness as early predictors of AS.     

大气CO2浓度升高对绿色型豌豆蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响

为了研究大气CO₂浓度升高对绿色型豌豆蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响,应用CO₂人工气候箱,CO₂浓度设置中等浓度[(550±27) μL/L]和高浓度[(750±37) μL/L],并以当前浓度[(375±18) μL/L]为对照,观察并记录了饲养在蚕豆上的连续3代绿色型豌豆蚜的生长发育和繁殖指标。结果表明,随着CO₂浓度升高,连续3代绿色型豌豆蚜发育历期均缩短,初产若蚜体重、成蚜体重、体质量差和相对日均体重增长率均呈增加趋势;各世代的繁殖期延长,平均产蚜量和最大产蚜量均增加;各世代的净增殖率(R₀)增大,平均世代周期(T)延长,内禀增长率(r_m)和周限增长率(λ)均减小。因此,绿色型豌豆蚜的种群数量随着CO₂浓度升高而下降,故推测未来大气CO₂浓度的升高可能不利于豌豆蚜的发生。     

Comparative analysis of evaluation parameters in E. acervulina,E. maxima and E. tenella-infected broilers

Three parameters, body weight gain (BWG), intestinal lesion score (LS) and fecal oocyst shedding, were compared in broilers infected with major parasitic species; Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella. First, two- and three-week-old chickens with Eimeria infection showed LS of approximately 3, but two-week-old chickens were more correlated with BWG. Second, significant differences in BWG were observed between male and female broilers challenged with Eimeria. Finally, E. maxima-infected broilers among three Eimeria species showed a higher relationship between BWG and LS, suggesting three considerations such as genders, age and Eimeria species for Eimeria experiments.     

高邮鸭主要血浆生化指标与产蛋性状的相关分析

通过对200日龄产蛋早期的78只高邮鸭血浆总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、α-淀粉酶(AMY)、总胆固醇(CHO)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和无机磷(P)共11项生化指标进行测定,研究其与产蛋性状的相关性.结果显示TP(58.25±7.83)g/L,ALB(18.16 4.23)g/L,AST(25.83±9.35)U/L,ALT(55.07±36.25)U/L,ALP(332.2±153.1)U/L,LDH(319.46±99.61)U/L,AMY(554.3±168.8)U/L,HDL-C(1.19 0.65)mmol/L,CHO(3.19±0.83)mmol/L,LDL-C(1.72 0.96)mmol/L,P(0.29 0.12)mg/mL;AST活性与开产体重呈强负相关(P＜0.01).     

加工参数对涂抹型再制干酪物理性质和微观结构的影响

加工参数是影响涂抹型再制干酪物性和微观结构的重要因素.通过测定样品的质构性质、融化性、表观黏度和结合微观结构观察,确定加工参数对涂抹型再制干酪的影响.结果表明:剪切速率、加工温度和时间对样品质构指标和融化距离影响显著(P<0.05),剪切速率由800 r/min升高到1400 r/min的过程中,硬度、涂抹功和黏着性没...     

中药复方制剂“促免增重颗粒”对云岭黑山羊血液生理生化指标的影响

本研究旨在探讨中药复方制剂促免增重颗粒对云岭黑山羊血液生理生化指标的影响。选择6-12月龄云岭黑山羊40只,按照体重相近的原则随机分为4个组,每组10只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,促免增重颗粒组、四君子散组、强壮散组分别在精料中添加促免增重颗粒、四君子散和强壮散,预饲期为7 d,正试期为60 d。在正试期第0、30和60天采样,检测血液学和血液生化指标。结果显示,促免增重颗粒对云岭黑山羊血液生理生化指标有一定影响,表明促免增重颗粒有提高免疫功能的作用。     

高铜对雏鸡肾脏组织结构及生化指标影响的研究

本研究旨在探讨高铜对雏鸡肾脏组织结构及生化指标的影响.360只1日龄艾维菌肉鸡随机分为6组,分别喂以对照日粮(Cu 10.89 mg·kg~(-1))和高铜日粮(Cu 100 mg·kg~(-1),高铜Ⅰ组;Cu 200 mg·kg~(-1)高铜Ⅱ组;Cu400 mg·kg~(-1),高铜Ⅲ组;Cu 600 mg·kg~(-1),高铜Ⅳ组,Cu 800 mg·kg~(-1),高铜Ⅴ组)6周.与对照组比较,高铜Ⅲ组、高铜Ⅳ组、高铜Ⅴ组雏鸡肾脏出现不同程度的病理损害,肾小管上皮细胞颗粒变性、空泡变性;超微结构观察,肾小管上皮细胞线粒体肿胀,嵴断裂,甚至溶解消失呈空泡状.同时,高铜Ⅲ组、高铜Ⅳ组、高铜Ⅴ组雏鸡肾脏及血清铜含量显著升高(P<0.01),肾脏铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZn-SOD)活性显著降低(P<0.01),丙二醛(MDA)含量和羟自由基(·OH)含量显著升高(P<0.01).结果表明,日粮铜含量400 mg·kg~(-1)及其以上可引起雏鸡肾脏组织的病理损伤以及肾脏抗氧化功能的降低,导致肾脏功能降低.     

平作区棉秆粉碎与残膜回收联合作业机设计与试验

针对新疆平作区残膜回收作业过程中秸秆粉碎合格率低、残膜回收率低的问题,设计了一种秸秆粉碎与残膜回收联合作业机。对甩刀秸秆粉碎过程进行受力分析,确定了刀轴最佳转速为2 000 r·min-1。对起膜铲起膜机理和残膜捡拾过程进行分析,确定了导曲面参数方程和残膜捡拾装置主要工作参数。以机具作业速度v、起膜铲入土倾角α和残膜输送链转速n为影响因素,以秸秆粉碎合格率Y1和残膜回收率Y2为评价指标进行田间试验。结果表明:当起膜铲入土角为30°,机具前进速度为5.5 km·h-1,残膜输送链转速为120 r·min-1时,秸秆粉碎合格率为91.5%,残膜回收率为85.7%,整机运行状态良好,满足秸秆粉碎还田与残膜回收的技术要求。