承德县城区噪声现状质量评价与对策

采用城市环境噪声模糊综合评价方法,对承德县城区2003年环境噪声监测结果进行科学评价和分析,提出相应的对策。     

高毒有机磷农药慢性危害评估方法研究

为探索高毒有机磷农药残留对人群慢性危害的评估方法,本文以江苏省甲胺磷、甲拌磷、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷以及氧乐果在蔬菜中残留的实测数据和文献中相关参数为基础资料,采用饮食暴露模型(DEEM)估算江苏省人群对蔬菜中这5种有机磷农药残留的暴露水平,分别采用参考剂量百分比、暴露边缘以及日允许摄入量百分比3种评估方法从不同角度对其慢性危害进行分析。危害分析结果表明:江苏省人群对蔬菜中这5种有机磷农药的暴露水平目前仍属于安全范围。3种评估方法同时对慢性危害进行评估,可以避免遗漏高风险农药,同时量化农药的慢性危害。     

犬寄生虫病的诊断及其防治

犬的寄生虫病在兽医临床上占有重要地位,给养殖业造成较大危害,同时也严重地威胁到人体健康。如何对犬寄生虫病进行有效地诊断和防控,文章提出了规范的检测程序、检测方法和驱虫模式以及使用药物驱虫的注意事项。     

柑桔黑斑病的发病特点及检测方法研究进展

柑桔黑斑病(Citrus Black Spot,CBS)是一种真菌性病害,主要为害果实,并产生褐色斑点,严重时蔓延至全果,造成果实腐烂,显著影响果实的品质和外观,降低经济价值,被欧美等国列为重要的检疫性病害,近年来该病在我国一些柑桔产区已上升为主要病害。本文主要从柑桔黑斑病的病原菌、发病特点及检测方法等几个方面进行简要的概述。     

Predicting quantitative host plant resistance against phoma black stem in sunflower

Phoma black stem is an important disease in sunflower, against which no specific management method is currently deployed in France. Relevant phenotyping methods for quantitative resistance are critical for integration of this trait into breeding programmes. Components of resistance associated with physiological resistance, and morphological traits associated with disease escape were measured on 21 sunflower genotypes under growth chamber (on seedlings), greenhouse (on adult plants), and field conditions, together with disease intensity in the field. Potential predictors were first selected for sensitivity and robustness from mixed model anova s. Analyses involving ranking tests and logistic regressions were then performed to identify predictors for field resistance. The identification of predictors for resistance involved analyses conducted in two broad steps: process‐oriented experiments, and epidemic‐oriented experiments. This stepwise approach departs from many studies aimed at identifying predictors for field resistance, which rely mainly on the computation of correlation coefficients between predictors and measured field disease variables. Predictors for quantitative resistance were identified: (i) lesion length and lesion expansion on stems of plants before flowering stage, and (ii) lesion length on first leaf petioles of seedlings. A high number of leaves and tall plants were associated with disease escape. Control genotypes for susceptibility and quantitative resistance were identified, and implications for breeding and improvements were derived from this work.     

辽宁省循环经济发展水平区域差异分析

循环经济是实现资源型城市经济转型、可持续发展的有效方式之一。科学评价循环经济发展水平对区域可持续发展及确定其未来发展方向有重要意义。根据国家统计局制定的循环经济评价指标体系和"3R"原则构建了辽宁省循环经济评价指标体系。运用模糊综合评判方法和GIS方法对辽宁省循环经济发展水平区域差异作了定量分析。结果表明:辽宁省14个地区循环经济发展水平差异显著,整体上沿海地区好于内陆地区;沈大沿线好于周边地区,并向东西两侧逐级递减;资源型城市水平普遍偏低;辽西半干旱地区水平最低。最后分析影响辽宁循环经济发展的主要因素,并提出循环经济发展建议。     

湖南柑橘衰退病调查分析及弱毒系筛选

 The investigation showed that stem-pitting Citrus tristeza virus (CTV)occurred commonly in citrus production areas in several varieties of Hunan Province. Accurate detection of CTV strains was performed by p23/PCR method, PCR and the results indicated that the most samples were infected with several CTV isolates. Three mild strains were isolated and their pathogenicity was identified by biological identification, it indicated that p23/PCR groups had uniformity with the pathogenicity of CTV isolates. Furthermore, three mild isolates were tested in the cross protection by analysis of biological symptoms and composition of p23 gene. Different protecting effects were observed among these strains and W17 mild isolate was effective.     

猪瘟野毒感染抗体阻断ELISA检测方法的建立与初步评价

以猪瘟野毒E2蛋白为包被抗原、辣根过氧化物酶标记的猪瘟野毒单抗作为酶标抗体,建立检测猪瘟野毒抗体的阻断ELISA方法.猪瘟野毒E2最适包被浓度为0.03 μg/mL,待检血清最适稀释度为1∶4,酶标猪瘟野毒单抗稀释度为1∶1 000.用建立的阻断ELISA方法检测369份临床阴性血清,计算阻断率,确定临界值,阻断率＞4...     

默顿职业兴趣的汇聚与转移理论述评

职业兴趣的汇聚与转移是默顿博士论文的第一部分。从科学发展的外部因素来理解科学是默顿论文的意义所在,他对职业兴趣的汇聚与转移的分析恰好为其找到了研究的突破口。用社会学方法来研究科学的发展,虽有其成功的一面,也有其局限性。     

利用贴牌水培法快速鉴定稗草对二氯喹啉酸的抗药性水平

本文通过室内贴牌水培法及整株法,快速鉴定并验证了2013年采自湖南省不同地区稻田的50个稗草生物型对二氯喹啉酸的抗药性,试验结果表明:贴牌水培法所用的二氯喹啉酸甄别剂量为80mg/L;稗草死亡率越低,其抗性倍数(resistance factor,RF)越高,其中死亡率为0时,整株法测定的RF值高达896.07~1 209.38;贴牌水培法测定的稗草样本对二氯喹啉酸的ED50远低于整株法,但两种方法得到的不同稗草生物型对二氯喹啉酸的抗性水平趋势高度吻合。笔者认为以贴牌水培法测定的死亡率小于40%的稗草样本对二氯喹啉酸的抗性风险较高,值得深入研究。