Field evaluation of phenology and success of hardy,micro-propagated old shrub roses in northern Finland

Abstract

Five old shrub rose taxa were studied in field experiments in northern Finland during the years 1993–1999. The plant material was micro-propagated from woody plants selected for their ornamental value and hardiness for northern areas of Finland. The observations in the experiments were based on phenological monitoring and survey of plant success. The results revealed significant differences in the success of the different rose genotypes, and the most valuable genotypes were identified. Micropropagation was successfully used as a propagation method and these in vitro propagated roses grew naturally under harsh field conditions. The Rosa ‘Tornedal’ origins, R. ‘Poppius’ and R. ‘Sipi’ were ranked the most suitable cultivars for northern landscaping. Overall, all of the studied roses succeeded fairly well.     

YELLOW PASSION FRUIT PLANT NUTRITIONAL DIAGNOSIS AT DIFFERENT PHENOLOGICAL STAGES BY THE DIAGNOSIS AND RECOMMENDATION INTEGRATED SYSTEM METHOD

This work was performed in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, with the objective to evaluate the nutritional status of yellow passion fruit plants along different phenological stages, using the DRIS method. Fifty-four passion fruit cultivated areas with an annual yield productivity ranging from 6.95 to 33.8 t ha^?1 year^?1 and average productivity of 16.9 t ha^?1 year^?1 were selected in the region. The contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and boron (B) were evaluated. The reference standards were established (mean and variation coefficient) for the values of the nutrient concentration ratios, two by two, on samples from high yield productivity plantations and analyzed by the DRIS index of nutrients for the medium and low yield productivity areas. The established standards differed according with the phenological stage of the culture. In a general way, the mean content of the evaluated nutrients did not differed between the two productivity levels into each phonological stage. There was a difference for the Nutritional Limitation Order between different phenological stages of yellow passion fruit plants. The most negative DRIS indexes and the highest absolute values for the Average Nutritional Balance on yellow passion fruit plants in the region, were found for potassium in May, phosphorus in October and iron in January.     

Culture of Eriocheir sinensis Larvae in Ponds in Greenhouse

A total of 15 pools were selected from a greenhouse, and they were randomly and evenly divided into three groups. In each group, one stocking density of Eriocheir sinensis was arranged. The results showed that after 45-d culture, the crab number per kilogram reached about 300 with survival rate of about 20%; the initial stocking density had significantly effect on the body size of E. sinensis on sel , instead on the survival rate of E. sinensis larvae. Therefore, it is feasible to conduct the culture of E. sinensis larvae in a pool in greenhouse.     

Spatial and interspecific variability in phenological responses to warming temperatures

A comprehensive understanding of species phenological responses to global warming will require observations that are both long-term and spatially extensive. Here we present an analysis of the spring phenological response to climate variation of twelve taxa: six plants, three birds, a frog, and two insects. Phenology was monitored using standardized protocols at 176 meteorological stations in Japan and South Korea from 1953 to 2005, and in some cases even longer. We developed a hierarchical Bayesian model to examine the complex interactions of temperature, site effects, and latitude on phenology. Results show species-specific variation in the magnitude and even in the direction of their responses to increasing temperature, which also differ from site-to-site. At most sites the differences in phenology among species are forecast to become greater with warmer temperatures. Our results challenge the assertion that trends in one geographic region can be extrapolated to others, and emphasize the idiosyncratic nature of the species response to global warming. Field studies are needed to determine how these patterns of variation in species response to climate change affect species interactions and the ability to persist in a changing climate.     

基于LAI时间序列重构数据的冬小麦物候监测

农作物物候信息对农作物长势监测和估产具有重要意义。该文以河北省中南部冬小麦为研究对象,以叶面积指数(LAI,leaf area index)为同化量,采用重采样粒子滤波算法同化WOFOST(world food studies)作物生长模型和遥感观测LAI,重构LAI时间序列数据,基于重构数据提取冬小麦返青期、抽穗期和成熟期等关键物候期。重构结果表明,重构的LAI具有良好的时间连续性和空间连续性,可减缓WOFOST作物模型LAI变化剧烈程度,峰值出现时间与遥感LAI曲线基本同步,且可一定程度上解决遥感观测LAI数值整体偏低和数据缺失的问题。物候期监测结果表明,在空间分布上与冬小麦实际生长状况基本相符,时间上也较为合理,但因在返青期存在LAI高初始值、成熟期存在LAI下限不确定性等问题致使在具体日期存在偏差。     

近150年北京春季物候对气候变化的响应

对北京春季6种物候的计算得出其代表性指标一山桃始花期，并分析物候对气温变化的响应模式。根据气温变化态势，将历史时期气温和物候资料划分为4个时间段，并采用u检验论证时间段间具有显著性差异，分析物候期对气温变化的响应模式和机制，得出：物候期的提前与推迟对温度的增高与降低的响应是非线性的，在同等增、降温幅度下，因降温而导致的物候期推迟幅度较因增温而导致物候期提前幅度小；平均气温增高1℃，北京春季物候期提前2．8—3．6d。并估算了未来北京春季物候变化趋势。     

基于改进最大值法合成NDVI的夏玉米物候期遥感监测

利用遥感技术监测农作物物候期,能够及时有效地评估作物生长趋势、提高农情信息化管理水平。本研究利用2016年MODIS 8天合成数据,提出改进的最大值合成法,结合S-G滤波和Logistic函数拟合重构夏玉米生长曲线,最后利用曲率法提取夏玉米的拔节期和成熟期,利用动态阈值法提取夏玉米的出苗期和抽雄期。结果表明:采用本文提取的夏玉米物候期与实测物候期相比,平均误差为2.76 d,其中在抽雄期的绝对误差为1.06 d,运用改进的最大值合成提取作物NDVI时序数据可有效去除连续云雾对植被指数的影响,提高监测作物物候期的准确性,为精准农业提供技术支撑。     

缙云山四川大头茶繁殖生态特性研究

由于生活史进化理论研究的促进,植物繁殖生态适应性研究已成为研究的热点之一,在缙云山常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林、四川大头茶纯林中,对优势种之一四川大头茶的繁殖特性进行了研究,结果指出四川大头茶花期从8月下旬至12月上旬长达3个多月,由于群落郁闲密度大,透光率差等原因,常绿阔叶林中四川大头茶开花高峰期较针阔混交林、四川大头茶纯林的开花高峰期后移.不同群落四川大头茶花序上开花顺序对着果率的影响是相同的,随开花时间延后,着果率降低.不同群落间四川大头茶种子重量变异显著.四川大头茶对种子的繁殖能量分配与开花物候无关.对于种子生产,四川大头茶的花序可以看作同化资源的一个亚单位.     

千年桐育苗技术与苗木生长规律初步研究

对福建省建阳市千年桐育苗技术与苗木生长规律进行了初步研究。结果表明,千年桐1年生苗高平均123.67 cm,最高的149 cm;平均地径1.87 cm,最粗的2.5 cm;>5 cm Ⅰ级侧根7-13条,根系较发达,利于裸根苗造林。播种后48 d左右苗木开始出土,1年生苗可出圃造林;6月中旬-9月中旬为苗木生长高峰期,期间要加强肥水管理,促进苗木生长;9月下旬基本停止生长,9月中旬开始不宜追施N肥,9月中旬-10月应适量施P、K肥,以促进苗木直径生长和苗木木质化。