浙江省钱塘江流域生态环境需水量研究

从浙江省钱塘江流域现有的水资源开发利用中存在的生态环境问题出发,探讨了符合钱塘江流域生态环境特点的多年平均适宜生态环境需水内涵,并在此基础上,建立了河道内多年平均适宜生态环境需水和河道外多年平均适宜生态环境需水两个部分的计算模型.模型计算结果表明,钱塘江流域多年平均河道内生态环境需水量为1.59×10~(10)m~3/a,河道外生态环境需水量为6.70×10~9m~3/a,多年适宜生态环境需水总量为2.26×10~(10)m~3/a.研究结果可为浙江省钱塘江流域的生态环境保护、水资源的可持续利用以及湿润区生态环境需水研究提供决策依据.     

太和县夏大豆需肥特点及施肥方法

阐述了太和县夏大豆需肥特点,并从有机肥、磷肥、氮肥及微肥等方面总结了施肥方法,以期为淮北地区大豆施肥提供参考。     

阿鲁科尔沁旗紫花苜蓿需水规律与灌溉定额

为了给阿鲁科尔沁旗紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)灌溉提供科学依据,利用1984-2013年30年气象数据,采用联合国粮农组织推荐的彭曼-蒙特斯公式法,研究了阿鲁科尔沁旗紫花苜蓿需水规律和灌溉定额。结果表明,阿鲁科尔沁旗紫花苜蓿第1茬、第2茬、第3茬、第4茬、生长季、非生长季和全年需水量分别为221、187、169、179、755、70和825mm,需水强度分别为4.3、4.7、4.1、2.5、3.7、0.4和2.3 mm·d~(-1),灌溉需水量分别为194、118、66、131、508、56和564mm,灌溉定额分别为228、139、78、154、598、66和664 mm。     

平欧杂种榛主栽品种需冷量、需热量研究

[目的]揭示平欧杂种榛主栽品种的需冷量和需热量,更好地指导生产做好区域化栽培。[方法]本研究以16个平欧杂种榛主栽品种的1年生枝条为试材,以野生平榛1年生枝条为对照,通过水培观察的方法,首次对平欧杂种榛的雌、雄花序和叶芽进行需冷量和需热量研究。[结果]表明:平欧杂种榛不同器官的需冷量由低到高依次为雄花序336 1 176 h、雌花序504 1 344 h、叶芽672 1 512 h;需热量由低到高依次为雄花序687.0 998.5GDH℃、雌花序998.5 3 496.1 GDH℃、叶芽2 546.5 4 180.3 GDH℃;不同品种、器官在刚满足最低蓄冷要求时需热量最高,随着蓄冷时间的延长,需热量逐渐减少。[结论]首次报道了平欧杂种榛主栽品种雄、雌花序和叶芽的需冷量和需热量数据,其中,达维、平欧48号等品种花器官需冷量较低,辽榛2号、平欧545号等品种花器官需冷量较高;玉坠、平欧69号等品种花器官需热量较低,辽榛1号、辽榛4号等品种花器官需热量较高,上述研究丰富了榛属植物开花和休眠解除方面的数据,可为平欧杂种榛的引种和栽培提供参考。     

牛能量需要量测定方法研究进展

能量是牛日粮的第一限制性养分,确定牛能量需要量是合理配制牛饲料、提高饲料利用效率的重要前提。牛能量需要量的测定方法主要有饲养试验、消化代谢试验、呼吸测热法及比较屠宰法等,论文对上述方法进行了简要综述,为合理进行牛能量需要量评定提供参考。     

The Post-Embryonic Development of Digestive System and the Demand of Energy of Hucho taimen

With the technology of morphology, histology and nutrition, the characteristics of organ development and the source and demand of nutritional at different stages in post-embryonic （water temperature 3-14℃） of Hucho taimen were discussed. The results showed that the membrane of H. taimen fertilized ovum was ruptured in 30 d, the prototype of U-type stomach was formed, the mouth could open and close freely, and nutrition was supplied from its yolk sac. The membrane ruptured after 8 d, teeth formed, and anus communicated with outsiders. The oropharyngeal cavity, esophagus, U-type stomach, intestine, and anus initially formed in the digestive tube, which nutrition was supplied from the huge yolk sac. The membrane ruptured after 16 d, pancreas and pyloric caeca appeared, larvae could intake and digest exogenous food, fish mixed nutrition, which was from yolk sac and outsiders, mainly depended on endogenous. The membrane ruptured after 24 d, the fish began floating and intaking actively, the fish mixed nutrition which mainly depended on exogenous. The membrane ruptured after 30 d, the yolk sac was completely absorbed, the function and structure of each digestive organs developed consummately, fish was from mixed nutrition into the stage of exogenous nutrition, the nutritional need of juveniles was below 10% fat, level of the optimal protein was 50%.     

葡萄品种需冷量及打破休眠研究

对上海地区葡萄促成栽培的几个主要品种的休眠需冷量进行了调查,发现在供试的5个品种中以里扎马特的需冷量最低,自然条件下仅为447.5h;其次为京亚和巨峰,需冷量均低于1000h;绯红和无核白鸡心需冷量最高,均超过1000h。由此推算,上海地区葡萄结束自然休眠的时间在1月上旬至2月中旬。打破休眠的试验表明以20%石灰氮12月中旬处理效果最佳。     

黑龙江省高粱产业技术需求

通过对黑龙江省高粱产业的发展现状和存在的主要问题进行分析,阐明高粱产业在高产、稳产、优质、抗病、抗倒、专用新品种,高产、高效栽培技术,植物保护领域,设施与设备领域,产后加工领域,产业技术经济与政策等方面的技术需求。     

陕西关中地区生态需水量的初步估算

生态需水量的计算是水资源优化配置的前提和基础。通过分析生态需水的概念和分类,将陕西关中地区的生态需水划分为3类:河道外的生态需水、河道内的生态需水和城市生态需水。详细界定了3种生态需水的内涵和计算方法。植被生态需水量的计算采用直接计算法,即各种植被面积和植被蒸散发量的乘积求和;人工水域生态需水量的计算采用多年平均蒸发量与降水量的差值乘以水域面积;河流基本生态基流量以早期未遭到人类破坏的河流(渭河1963-1983年)最小月平均实测径流量的多年平均值作为基准;河流输沙需水量以多年平均输沙量与多年最大月平均含沙量的平均值的比值来计算。结合现有的数据,对关中地区的生态需水量进行了估算,现状水平年(2005年)生态需水量是45.73×108m3。由于生态需水是一定经济技术条件下的产物,可以根据现状水平年生态需水量来计算其他年份的生态需水量。     

Effects of dietary lipid level on growth performance,body composition and digestive enzymes activity of juvenile sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus

A feeding trial aimed to determine the effects of dietary lipid level on growth performance, body composition and digestive enzymes activity of juvenile sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Diets with six crude lipid levels (1.9, 13.8, 29.1, 43.6, 59.6 and 71.6 g kg^?1) were fed to sea cucumbers (initial weights 0.65 ± 0.01 g) at a density of 30 juveniles, once a day. After 60 days, body weight gain (BWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake (FI) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) decreased with increasing dietary lipid levels. The sea cucumbers fed 1.9 g kg^?1 crude lipid showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) BWG than those of the sea cucumbers fed 59.6 and 71.6 g kg^?1 crude lipid. Intestinal protease and lipase activities generally increased with increasing dietary lipid levels. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content of body walls generally increased with increasing dietary lipid levels. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content of body walls reached the maximum value at a dietary lipid level of 13.8 g kg^?1. N‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acid content followed the same pattern of DHA. According to the growth performance and body composition of sea cucumbers, it can be indicated that the optimum dietary lipid level for juvenile sea cucumbers is between 1.9 and 13.8 g kg^?1.