香鳞毛蕨抑菌特性比较研究

以香鳞毛蕨为研究对象,探讨其抑菌特性与气候环境特点及鳞毛之间的相关性,从抑菌效果和抑菌物质含量两方面比较不同产地、不同采收期和不同入药部位样品的抑菌特性。采用滤纸片扩散法检测样品提取液的抑菌效果,可见分光光度法测定样品中主要起抑菌作用的总间苯三酚含量。结果表明,五大连池地区6月中旬采集的香鳞毛蕨样品平均抑菌直径达2.49 cm,总间苯三酚含量达17.23%,确定五大连池是最佳产地,最佳采收期为6月中旬;香鳞毛蕨中鳞毛样品平均抑菌直径达2.65 cm,总间苯三酚含量达17.82%,同时作为对照的粗茎鳞毛蕨中鳞毛的抑菌直径达1.96 cm,总间苯三酚含量为17.14%,显著好于其他部位,初步证明鳞毛蕨属植物抑菌特性与鳞毛之间具有相关性。     

华北南部沙尘天气特征及其对空气质量影响分析

利用华北南部邯郸市16个站1980～2009年的逐日气象资料,对沙尘天气的地理分布特征、沙尘日数的年际变化规律、沙尘日数的年变化以及日变化进行了分析,初步总结出沙尘天气的时空分布特征,并浅析了沙尘天气对空气质量的影响。     

三峡库首地区移民安置区不同利用方式土壤肥力和土地生产力调查

三峡工程蓄水、移民搬迁及土地利用方式改变将对库首地区土壤肥力、土地生产力和当地农业生产活动产生长期潜在影响。本研究对移民安置期间三峡库首地区秭归、兴山、巴东和夷陵等县区农田、果园和茶园3种利用方式的85个样点土壤的肥力状况进行了采样调查,并对当地土地生产力和移民经济收入状况等进行了统计分析。结果表明:三峡工程蓄水后,库首地区农田土壤肥力水平较高,果园土壤其次,而茶园土壤肥力水平偏低;在蓄水和移民搬迁同时,当地加大农业投入,尤其是加大果园和茶园的肥料投入,以保证农业生产发展需求;受蓄水和移民搬迁影响,库首地区3县粮食总产和单产均有所降低,其中秭归县受到影响较大,但库首各县的粮食生产在三峡蓄水后总体保持稳定;库首地区各县,尤其是秭归县的柑橘和蔬菜种植面积和产量保持逐年提高趋势,该地区的优势产业保持稳步发展,土地生产力未受到明显影响;柑橘经济效益显著高于茶园和农作物,移民安置期间,秭归、兴山县人均纯收入保持逐年上升态势,库首地区农村的经济水平保持稳步增长。     

徐州野生药用植物资源调查报告

研究了徐州常见野生药用植物 5 3科 10 3属 13 2种的植物学特性、生境、药用部位及功能 ,并分析了开发利用价值及前景。     

海南坡鹿对采食部位的选择与饲草酸性洗涤纤维含量的相关性

在海南大田国家级自然保护区围栏内用食痕法(evidence of feeding on forage)观测海南坡鹿Cervus eldi hainanus(简称坡鹿)对18种草本和18种灌木类饲草的采食部分占整株草本植株或占整枝灌木主枝条的尺寸比,同时测定各饲草的酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量.结果显示,按旱季与雨季的(全年)平均值,坡鹿对草本类饲草的采食尺寸比为49.29%,对灌木类饲草为57.3%;草本类饲草的ADF含量为9.91%,灌木类饲草为9.19%;无论草本还是灌木类,坡鹿的采食尺寸比随饲草ADF含量的增加而显著降低.研究表明,在大田自然保护区围栏内,坡鹿对ADF含量在10%以上的饲草不喜食,饲草纤维物质含量是坡鹿在围栏内扩充采食部位以增加营养摄入量的限制性因子,在旱季种植并收割饲草投喂坡鹿时,应避免其纤维物质含量增高.     

基于景观结构的吉林西部生态安全动态分析

景观结构的调整和重建是构建安全的区域生态格局的关键途径。基于景观生态学的基本理论,在景观干扰度和脆弱度指标构建的基础上,引入生态安全指数,并利用区变量理论对吉林西部1980-2000年的生态安全状况进行时空动态分析。结果表明,由于景观结构变化导致的生态安全指数时空变异显著。全区生态安全程度整体有所下降,且安全程度较高的地区降低的幅度更大。生态安全指数的空间分布符合球状模型,250km以内表现为显著的各向同性,自相关范围都在500km以上,小尺度不存在结构性因素的影响。9个市县中,生态安全指数最高的是前郭,最低的是通榆,环境恶化程度最大的是大安。     

The effect of veld condition on the quality of diet selected by cattle grazing the Natal Sour Sandveld

The quality of diet selected by steers fistulated at the oesophagous was related to veld condition in a simulated rotational grazing system on the Natal Sour Sandveld. Six camps, ranging in veld condition score from 8,5 to 53%, were grazed simultaneously for a two‐week period in spring, summer, autumn and winter. Fistula samples were collected on the first, middle and last day of a period of occupation in a camp. Samples were analysed in terms of crude protein (CP), in vitro digestibility (IVD) and plant‐part (% leaf, % stem and % dead material) composition. Dietary quality in terms of CP, IVD and plant‐part composition was not related to veld condition but was dependent largely (P≤0,01) upon season and to a lesser extent upon period of occupation in a camp. It was concluded that in sourveld areas, where dietary quality may be limiting, the veld condition score may be a poor index of potential animal production.     

赣州烤烟化学成分分析

[目的]分析赣州烟叶的化学成分,探讨它们之间的内在联系.[方法]采用均值分析、差异程度分析、相关性分析的方法对赣州上部烟叶和中部烟叶化学成分进行分析.[结果]分析表明,赣州地区烟叶总氯含量较低;上部烟叶的烟碱、水溶性总糖,中部烟叶的还原糖、水溶性总糖含量均偏高;不同部位烟叶的总钾、烟碱、水溶性总糖、还原糖含量和糖碱比均达到极显著差异（P＜0.01）;化学成分含量变异系数基本较低;不同部位的烟叶化学成分相关性大小差距较大.[结论]研究可为规划、引导烟叶种植,以及卷烟工业选择优质烟叶提供参考依据.     

黄土高原不同水平年旱涝时空分布特征分析

全球气候变暖大背景下,黄土高原总体呈现暖干化趋势,未来干旱还可能会加剧。为了全面了解黄土高原旱涝时空变化特征,为黄土高原应对旱涝灾害提供决策依据,根据黄土高原及周边263个气象站的降水数据划分降水水平年,以标准化降水指数（SPI）为指标,分析了黄土高原地区不同水平年年际及年内旱涝特征。结果显示,黄土高原在丰、平、枯水年均有不同程度的干旱发生。丰水年黄土高原干旱面积占5.7%,雨涝面积占40.9%;平水年干旱面积占12.7%,雨涝面积占19.3%;枯水年干旱面积占44.4%,雨涝面积占17.9%。不同水平年的干旱区域存在差异。不同水平年内春旱较重,丰水年和平水年雨季开始后干旱逐渐缓解,枯水年雨季不能有效缓解春季以来的干旱,且秋涝明显,各水平年年内干旱的时空分布存在显著差异。不同水平年年际和年内旱涝差异大且变化频繁,为了确保黄土高原农业生产旱涝保收,应合理布设小型水利工程与田间灌溉设施。      

Peanut macronutrient absorptions characteristics in response to soil compaction stress in typical brown soils under various tillage systems

Soil tillage, a major agricultural management, could effectively alter soil structure and plant growth, particularly under groundnut plantations. To understand effects of different tillage measures on nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) absorptions and use efficiencies for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), four tillage treatments: no tillage (NT), deep loosing (DL), deep plow (DP), and shallow plow (SP), were examined for two growing years at three typical peanut-producing sites of Qishan, Wangcheng, and Xiadian in Shandong, China. Results showed that average soil bulk density under DL, DP, and SP at the three sites was decreased by 7.1–19.5% compared with NT treatment for the 2 years. Significantly higher average total N accumulations in underground peanut part patterned as DP (163 kg/ha) > SP (149 kg/ha) > DL (144 kg/ha) > NT (117 kg/ha), while total N in aboveground peanut part was 8.7–22.1% higher under DP than other treatments. Absorptions of N, P, and K in underground parts were extremely significantly contributed to high peanut yields (P < 0.01), whereas increase of N and P absorptions in aboveground parts did not promote peanut yields. Soil bulk density was significantly negatively correlated with plant macronutrient amounts in underground peanut parts and peanut yields (P < 0.01). Moreover, N:P, N:K, and P:K ratios were similar between NT and noncompaction stress treatments of DL, DP, and SP. These results indicate that DP is a rational tillage practice for promoting nutrient uptake amount, efficiency, and peanut yields by alleviating soil compaction stress in peanut-producing fields.