苹果地上部与地下部相互关系的研究

２０年的研究表明，苹果根系生长１年有３次高峰。新梢与根系生长是交互进行的。根系的第１次生长高峰在花前８～１３ｄ，春梢生长高峰在花后１９～２４ｄ；根系的第２次生长高峰在春梢停长后７～８ｄ．根的第３次生长于秋梢停止至落叶前。苹果根系的第１，２次生长之间，正值春梢的急速生长期，有一个养分转换期。苹果根剪具有控冠抑长作用，宜在花前１０ｄ进行。根据苹果地上部与地下部的生长特点，应于花前８～１３ｄ、养分转换期以及秋梢停长后到根系第３次生长初进行追肥及施入基肥。     

赣中红壤丘陵区土地利用型畜牧业结构优化配置研究

以千烟洲为例剖析了赣中红壤丘陵区土地利用结构和畜牧业发展中存在的问题。在此基础上 ,以区内畜禽养殖业最大经济效益为目标 ,在土地面积、社会需求、畜力、饲料量的约束下 ,进行了基于土地利用的畜牧业结构优化配置。得出的优化方案对发展当地土地利用型畜牧业具有一定的指导意义     

CAPP中回转体零件信息的描述与输入方法

根据CAPP系统工艺决策时对零件信息的要求,在对回转体零件构成特性分析的基础上,基于形面描述法的思想,对回转体零件的构成形面进行了分类、定义和编码,确定了各形面的描述参数,构建了零件信息模型,并以此模型为基础完成了零件信息的输入与存贮设计。     

Compounds from the subterranean part of Johnsongrass and their allelopathic potential

The allelopathic effects of the exotic invasive weed, Johnsongrass, on Lactuca sativa, a native plant in China, were evaluated and the phytotoxins were investigated under laboratory conditions. The crude extracts (chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions) that were obtained from the ethanol extract of the subterranean parts of Johnsongrass inhibited the germination speed and growth of the roots and shoots of the test plant. The four compounds, ethyl p‐hydroxybenzoate, diosmetin, apigenin, and luteolin, were isolated from the extract of the subterranean parts of Johnsongrass first, along with three other compounds (reported previously), p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, and dhurrin, and they all were evaluated on L. sativa. At the concentration of <0.5 mmol L^?1, ethyl p‐hydroxybenzoate, dhurrin, and the mixture of the compounds delayed the germination speed of the seeds of L. sativa at 24 h of incubation, while apigenin delayed the germination speed of the seeds of L. sativa at 72 h of incubation. Ethyl p‐hydroxybenzoate demonstrated the strongest delaying effect among the phenols and a similar effect was found with apigenin among the flavonoids, wheras ethyl p‐hydroxybenzoate induced a drastic inhibition of the germination at 2 mmol L^?1. In contrast, p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde and luteolin had no effect on the germination at any concentration at any stage. All the substances inhibited the shoot and root growth of L. sativa at 3 mmol L^?1. Increasing the concentration increased the inhibition of the growth of L. sativa. The inhibitory activity of ethyl p‐hydroxybenzoate and p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde was greater than that of the other compounds. This result suggested that the isolated phytotoxins might contribute to the successful invasion by Johnsongrass.     

西部开发中宁南旱区畜牧业的发展战略——以海原县为例

依据宁南旱区的自然资源特点 ,通过对宁南旱区畜牧业现状的深入分析 ,提出了在西部开发中宁南旱区畜牧业发展战略 :退耕还草 ,改善生态环境 ;优化畜群结构 ,加强品种改良力度 ;努力改善畜牧业赖以发展的基础条件 ;优化资源配置 ,提高经营的综合效益 ;大力发展社会化服务体系 ,走可持续发展道路     

The effect of growing soybean (Glycine max. L.) on N2O emission from soil

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of growing soybean on N₂O emission from soil. When soybean was growing in pots, the cumulative N₂O emission during the growing season was 2.26 mg N pot⁻¹, which was 5.9 times greater than that from the identical but unplanted pots (CK). However, the difference in N₂O fluxes between the two treatments was not significant until the grain-filling stage. Of the total N₂O emission, 94% took place during the period from grain-filling to ripening. Premature harvesting of the aerial parts of the plants at various growth stages substantially stimulated N₂O emission from the soil. These results implied that the process of symbiotic N fixation per se does not stimulate N₂O production or emission, but rather senescence and decomposition of the roots and nodules in the late growth stage. Therefore, additional N₂O would be emitted from the soil after harvesting of soybean with roots, litter, and residues left in situ.     

川中丘陵区不同利用方式的土壤养分特征研究

通过实地调查、土壤采样分析和数理统计结合的方法，对川中丘陵区5种土地利用方式（水田、旱地、菜地、林地和荒草地）的土壤养分状况进行对比分析，结果表明．土地利用方式对土壤有机质、全氮、全钾、全磷、碱解氮、速效钾和速效磷含量的影响达极显著（或显著）水平；在5种土地利用方式中．土壤有机质和全氮含量由高到低的顺序为：水田〉林地〉菜地〉旱地〉荒草地；土壤全钾和速效钾含量由高到低的顺序为：水田〉菜地〉旱地〉林地〉荒草地；土壤全磷含量由高到低的顺序为：菜地〉旱地〉林地〉水田〉荒草地。     

黄土高原中部地区土壤侵蚀人为影响因素的分析

黄土高原中部地区是典型的农业区，开荒扩种在本区表现突出，由于人为不合理的社会经济活动的影响，水土流失成为制约本区经济发展的突出问题。本文通过典型调查和总体分析相结合，对影响土壤侵蚀的人为因素进行了评价。认为土地利用结构不合理，人口的失控增长，森林植被的破坏以及工业化进程中对水土保持工作不十分重视等是人为加速土壤侵蚀的几个主要方面。     

碱性土壤基因组DNA的分离纯化和基因文库的构建

直接从广西南宁市凤凰纸业排污沟碱性土壤样品中抽提和分离纯化混合基因组DNA，所获得DNA的产量为每克土壤样品10～30pg。采用限制性内切酶EcoR1酶处理后，构建了以pGEM-3Zf( )为载体的DNA部分文库。文库的容量为23650个转化子。外源片段DNA平均大小为3．2kb。建库效率为每克环境样品获得6000个左右的含1～15kb外源随机插入片段的克隆。通过DNA序列测定和同源性比较，对从文库随机词取的16个转化子序列进行分析，发现13个外源插入片段包含序列尚未确定的DNA片段。     

Muscular architecture and VIP-like immunoreactive nerves in the gastroduodenal junction of the chicken

The muscular architecture and the distribution of nerves with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like (VIP-like) immunoreactivity were examined in the gastroduodenal junction of the chicken. Both the outer and the inner muscle layers (tunica muscularis) and the muscularis mucosae were examined. The inner muscle layer was divided into two parts, namely its inner and outer parts. The outer muscle layer was not present in the pyloric part but was found in the proventriculus and the duodenum. The muscle strands of the outer muscle layer ran longitudinally but were absent at the isthmus and the pylorus. Most of the outer part of the inner muscle layer was located in or close to the pyloric part. The muscle strands in the outer part connected the pyloric part with other regions, namely the craniodorsal muscle, the tendinous centres and the isthmus. The inner part of the inner muscle layer was widely distributed in the stomach. In the pyloric part, the muscle strands of this layer followed a circular or spiral course. The muscularis mucosae was not present in the caudodorsal and cranioventral muscles of the gizzard. In addition, VIP-like immunoreactive nerve fibres were predominantly distributed in the inner part of inner muscle layer of the pyloric part. These results suggest that the ventriculopyloric orifice and the pyloric part itself constrict with a sphincter-like action.Abbreviations VIP vasoactive intestinal polypeptide