空间条件对没菜诱变效果的研究——突变类型的观察与筛选

利用返回式地球卫星搭载甘蓝型油菜种子的试验表明，空间条件对油菜种子具有诱导性状变异的作用，许多由空间条件诱导的性状变异能够传递给后代。通过对变异后代进行田间筛选，获得早熟、丰产、黄色种皮等突变类型，为油菜品种改良提供了丰富的遗传变异基础材料。     

全株脆性突变水稻在奶牛瘤胃内降解特性的研究

通过本试验确定全株脆性突变水稻是否可作为优质饲料稻的中间育种材料,以便为进一步解决南方饲草缺乏和开发饲料资源打下基础。本试验选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦牛,采用尼龙袋法研究了全株脆性突变（Brittleness Mutation,BM）水稻及其亲本中花11（Zhonghua11）在瘤胃内的降解特性。结果表明：（1）黄熟期全株BM水稻营养成分与对照亲本存在较大的差异。其中,全株BM水稻半纤维素含量极显著高于对照亲本（P〈0.01）,而NFE含量则极显著低于对照亲本（P〈0.01）;（2）24h后的各个时间点,全株BM水稻DM降解率极显著低于对照亲本（P〈0.01）,NDF、ADF、半纤维素和纤维素的降解率则极显著高于对照亲本（P〈0.01）;（3）对于瘤胃有效降解率,全株BM水稻DM有效降解率极显著低于对照亲本（P〈0.01）,NDF、ADF和半纤维素有效降解率明显高于对照亲本;（4）通过透射电镜观察,与对照亲本相比,全株脆性突变水稻的厚壁组织细胞壁明显变薄。全株脆性突变水稻可以作为优质饲料稻选育的中间育种材料。     

论城市园林铺地景观创造

铺地景观在园林中的“底”性特质,常常为现代城市园林建设者们所忽略。但它却是构成园林景观整体形象的有机组分。文章针对当前我国城市园林中铺地景观建设的弊端和特点,结合古典园林中铺地景观特点的分析,对怎样在当前的城市园林中创造铺地景观形象提出了若干建议。     

Molecular tools--advances, opportunities and prospects

Modern molecular technologies are having a substantial impact in many fundamental and applied areas of parasitology. In particular, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-coupled approaches have found broad applicability because their sensitivity permits the enzymatic amplification of gene fragments from minute quantities of nucleic acids from tiny amounts of parasite material. Also, high-resolution electrophoretic and genomic methods are finding increased utility. This paper briefly discusses some developments and applications of DNA methods to parasites and highlights their usefulness or potential for those of veterinary importance. Selected examples of applications with implications in fundamental (systematics, population genetics, epidemiology and ecology) and applied (diagnosis, prevention and control) areas are presented. The focus is mainly on tools for the accurate identification of parasitic nematodes and protozoa of socio-economic importance, the diagnosis of infections and the detection of genetic variability using PCR-coupled mutation scanning technology.     

再论中国古建筑的木构选择

立足于中国古建筑的木框架结构的建筑体系,认为中国古人之所以选择木材作为建筑材料有其自身存在的特点和必然性。分析了传统聚落的建筑特点,藉以透视出中国古建筑就地取材的特点,进而分析了中国木构建筑形制在广度、高度上的适应性,以及其所彰显的平面布局的灵活性和复杂性。结合中国人的生命观,从精神与物质双重层面解析了中国木构建筑中所蕴涵的永恒意义。试图通过自然选择、技术进步、空间优势、精神价值、审美需求等方面的阐述,为中国传统建筑最终使用木材作为建筑材料的成因理出一条脉络,旨在比较客观地对待中国古人在人类文明进步史上所做的努力。     

广西防城港市近55年温度变化特征及突变分析

[目的]分析1955～2009年广西防城港市温度变化特征及突变情况。[方法]以广西防城港市1955～2009年温度实际观测数据为基础,采用线性倾向估计、Mann—Kendall和累积距平法,对近55年该市温度变化特征及突变情况进行了分析。[结果]近55年来防城港市年平均气温变化呈明显上升趋势,与全国温度变化趋势基本一致,夏、秋、冬季的平均气温均具有明显的增温趋势,仅春季增温趋势不明显;防城港市夏季、冬季和全年平均气温均先后在20世纪80年发生了突变,秋季是在20世纪70年代末突变,春季则没有发生突变;冬季从80年代中期开始由偏低阶段过渡到偏高阶段,年平均、春季、夏季、秋季均为90年代中后期才开始由偏低阶段过渡到偏高阶段。[结论]该研究为趋利避害指导农业生产和充分合理利用该地区的气候资源提供决策依据,。     

Pathological Findings in a Case of Equine T-Cell Lymphoma Associated with Ataxia

A 15-year-old Dutch Warmblood gelding suddenly developed incoordination and hindlimb stumbling. The horse had a history of eyelid lymphoma. Necropsy revealed yellow-white or dark reddish-brown masses adhering to the outer surface of the spinal dura mater from the first cervical vertebra to the seventh thoracic vertebra. The spinal cord close to the first cervical vertebra and the seventh thoracic vertebra was markedly compressed by the masses filling the epidural space. The masses were also observed in the larynx, eyelids, and adipose-rich tissues, including the joints and orbits. They appeared similar in shape. The mandibular, retropharyngeal, axillary, superficial inguinal, deep inguinal, and lateral iliac lymph nodes were solid and enlarged. Histologically, the masses were composed of small or medium-sized lymphocyte-like tumor cells, but atypical cells and mitotic figures were rare. There were moderate infiltrations of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells, which were occasionally ingesting the surrounding tumor cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were classified as T-cell-derived cells. Throughout the spinal cord, enlargement or loss of nerve axons, dilation of periaxonal spaces, and macrophage infiltration into periaxonal spaces were observed, mainly in the ventral funiculus. Spinal cord compression by the tumor mass was suggested as a cause of the locomotive dysfunction. This is the first report of equine lymphoma with ataxia located from the proximal cervical to middle thoracic dura mater and in joint cavities.     

航天诱变对芥菜生理生化特性的影响

以“实践八号”育种卫星搭载后SP5代芥菜变异选系的叶片为材料,对叶片中叶绿素含量、SOD活性、POD活性以及可溶性蛋白含量进行检测,研究航天诱变对芥菜不同品种生理生化特性的影响,为下一步开展芥菜航天诱变育种奠定基础.结果显示:芥菜变异选系与对照相比生理生化特性产生了不同程度的增减变化;不同生理指标变化幅度不同,其中POD活性和叶绿素含量变化幅度较大,可溶性蛋白含量变化幅度最小;不同芥菜品种对航天诱变敏感性不同,其中棒菜S50变异选系最敏感,各指标基本达到显著或极显著水平,茎瘤芥JL209变异选系最不敏感;不同发育时期芥菜生理生化特性不同,幼苗移栽40d比80 d芥菜变异株系生理生化指标差异明显,说明生育后期各生理生化特性逐渐趋于稳定.芥菜;航天诱变;叶绿素含量;SOD活性;POD活性;可溶性蛋白含量;生理生化特性     

哈密地区雷暴天气变化特征分析

利用1961—2010年哈密地区50年雷暴天气资料,统计分析了雷暴日数的变化特征及时空分布情况,结果表明哈密地区雷暴日数呈逐年下降趋势,尤其近10年下跌趋势很大,在过去的50年中各测站雷暴日数变化速率-0.32～-2.00d/10年。1年中雷暴的活动期在3～10月,活跃期5～8月的平均雷暴日数占全年的90.0%以上。1日中雷暴多发生在正午到前半夜。年雷暴日数的空间分布特征为南部明显少于北部,且雷暴日数随海拔升高而递增。     

Molecular basis for resistance to tribenuron in shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.)

Capsella bursa-pastoris, a winter annual weed in the mustard family, can not be controlled by tribenuron after the herbicide has been continuously used for several years. The resistant biotype Lz-R was the generation of a population collected from Liangzhu, a place where tribenuron had been used for more than 15 consecutive years. To confirm and characterize the resistance of C. bursa-pastoris to tribenuron, whole-plant bioassays were conducted in the greenhouse. The results of whole-plant bioassays revealed that Lz-R was highly resistant to tribenuron with the resistance index (GR₅₀ Lz-R)/(GR₅₀ Lz-S) up to 236.6. To investigate the molecular basis of resistance in C. bursa-pastoris, the acetolactate synthase (ALS) genes were sequenced and compared between susceptible and resistant biotypes. Analysis of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences between the biotypes indicated that one substitution had occurred in Domain A, cytosine by thymine (CCT to TCT) at position 197, that led to a change of the amino acid proline in the susceptible to serine in the Lz-R.