腐植酸提高食用型甘薯块根可溶性糖含量的生理基础

选用典型的食用型甘薯品种北京553,设置施用腐植酸和对照处理,于2008-2009年2个生长季在山东农业大学农学试验站进行试验。在甘薯块根膨大过程中定期取样,测定块根可溶性糖和淀粉含量及相关酶活性、功能叶蔗糖含量及相关酶活性变化。结果表明, 与对照比较,施用腐植酸显著提高了功能叶磷酸蔗糖合酶活性和蔗糖含量,生育期内平均增幅分别为30.90%和9.48%,显著降低了块根蔗糖合酶活性,平均降幅为11.04%,促进了蔗糖、果聚糖等在块根中的积累;同时,施用腐植酸还显著提高了块根中淀粉酶活性,α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶平均增幅分别为11.33%、15.70%,促进了后期葡萄糖、果糖等在块根中的积累。在甘薯收获期,块根可溶性总糖含量提高了15.49%、淀粉含量降低了3.56%。总之,施用腐植酸能够增加块根中蔗糖的供应量、抑制可溶性糖向淀粉转化、促进淀粉水解,这些是提高块根可溶性总糖含量的生理基础。     

保鲜功能微生物FJAT-0809-GLX对龙眼保鲜特性的研究

不同腐烂等级的龙眼果皮POD和PPO酶活性有所不同,0～3级,POD酶活性12 000 U/min.g,而4级以后POD酶活性均大于12 000 U/min.g;0～3级,PPO酶活性均小于600 U/min.g,而4级和5级的PPO酶活性均大于600 U/min.g,说明随着龙眼果实腐烂程度的加深,烂果的果皮POD和PPO酶活性达到最高。使用保鲜功能微生物FJAT-0809-GLX处理后龙眼果皮的POD和PPO酶活性明显小于对照处理,且基本不影响龙眼果实的可溶性固形物含量,保鲜功能微生物FJAT-0809-GLX处理后龙眼的好果率最高为47.24%,而脱粒率最低,为10.95%,说明保鲜功能微生物FJAT-0809-GLX对龙眼果实具有较好的保鲜效果。     

紫花苜蓿主根内非结构性碳水化合物累积及其与抗寒性的关系

以国内外5个不同紫花苜蓿品种为试验材料,测定当年植株人工冷冻胁迫处理前后的非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)累积情况,以人工控温后的再生长率为衡量指标,研究NSC累积情况与抗寒性的关系及冷冻前后的NSC累积情况。结果表明,秋季主根内可溶性糖积累浓度显著正相关于各品种的冻后再生长率(R=0.936,P0.01);淀粉浓度则与抗寒性间呈显著负相关(R=-0.880,P0.05),且根部淀粉累积总量显著负相关于其抗寒性(R=-0.923,P0.05);人工冷冻过程中伴随各苜蓿品种主根内淀粉浓度下降糖浓度升高,两者存在动态平衡。在苜蓿冷冻后返青生长过程中,主根内总非结构性碳水化合物(TNC)浓度下降。     

植物生长调节剂对彩色马蹄莲形态建成的影响及生理生化指标测定

本文建立了彩色马蹄莲块茎分化丛生芽体系,研究了在植物生长调节剂4-PU和6-BA的影响下块茎分化丛生芽的生理生化变化以及彩色马蹄莲的形态建成。结果表明,4-PU和6-BA对彩色马蹄莲的形态建成所起作用不同。在彩色马蹄莲不同的生理时期,POD活力水平以及对可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质的需求也是不同的。可见,不同生理时期的蛋白质、糖类的含量变化和差异以及酶活的变化在一定程度上反映了基因在时空上的差次表达。     

菊花组培苗辐射效应研究及对组织结构的影响

采用不同剂量的60Coγ射线辐射菊花组培苗,筛选适宜的辐射剂量及半致死剂量,测定、分析植株叶片的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白以及可溶性固形物的含量变化。结果表明:菊花组培苗的半致死剂量为10GY,辐射后叶片叶绿素含量低于辐射前的含量,辐射能不同程度的提高可溶性蛋白的含量,降低可溶性固形物的含量。     

鲜食甜糯玉米子粒可溶性总糖含量的研究

对利用异隐纯合体杂交法所培育的9个甜糯玉米杂交种及其对应亲本自交系,在鲜食期的可溶性总糖含量进行了研究。结果表明:各甜糯玉米杂交种与其对应亲本间、9个甜糯玉米杂交种间、15个亲本自交系间的可溶性总糖含量都存在显著或极显著差异。甜糯玉米杂交种的可溶性总糖含量高于隐性纯合体wx、su1wx;但低于sh2wx、bt1wx、sh2su1wx。甜糯玉米sh213-2号的可溶性总糖含量最高,其次是bt1sh279-3号。sh2su1-79型和bt1sh2su1-43型甜糯玉米可溶性总糖含量较低。     

Dose response to soluble fiber in barley in lowering blood lipids in hamster

Diets containing 0, 25, 50, or 75% finely ground barley (high in soluble fiber and soluble -glucans) were fed to groups of hamsters. After four weeks, serum total cholesterol (CH) levels in these animals were most elevated in the group fed the barley-free (0% barley) diet. Compared to animals eating this diet, the 25% barley diet lowered CH by 16.4%. However, the 50% barley diet lowered CH further by only 4.1% while the 75% barley diet caused virtually no further lowering of CH. Thus, the CH-lowering response to barley cannot be viewed as a dose dependent response. The lowering pattern for serum triglycerides, however, suggested a dose dependent response. Serum total-CH: high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-CH or low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-CH:HDL-CH ratios were not significantly affected by barley level in the diets.     

Dynamic evolution of badlands in the Roglio basin (Tuscany,Italy)

The Roglio basin, in the relatively arid Central Tuscany (Italy), is characterised by the presence of 191 badlands that have developed on Pliocene fine-grained blue clays. A morphometric analysis on the badlands has highlighted that these landforms formation and distribution are primarily related to the steepness of the hill flanks, which favour runoff and gravitational processes, along with favourable aspects, typically the southern ones that experience a stronger solar-induced daily thermal variation. A detailed physico–chemical analysis of the clayey material involved has also been carried out, with the specific aim of testing whether this plays a role in the various stages of activity shown by the Roglio basin badlands. The results indicate that there are no significant differences in the physico–chemical properties of an active vs. an inactive/dormant badland. Observation and field data, however, indicate that the dynamic of the Roglio basin badlands is strongly controlled by the occurrence of earth flows and the velocity of sediment removal at the bottom of the badlands. These two processes, variously combined at different intensity in relationship to many local factors, are likely to be the main responsible for the different stages of activity shown by the Roglio basin badlands.     

前氮后移对寒地水稻根系吸收能力的影响

采用田间小区试验方法,在高氮（135 kg/hm2）和中氮（105 kg/hm2）水平下,研究了穗肥比例对寒地水稻根系吸收能力的影响。试验结果表明：高氮水平下,穗肥比例为15% 的处理各个时期伤流量和根系含糖量均最低,中氮水平下穗肥比例为35% 的处理伤流量和根系含糖量均最高。相同氮量条件下,随着穗肥比例增加根系伤流量增加,幼穗分化期增加均达到了5% 的显著水平;中氮条件下,前氮后移使幼穗分化期和抽穗后20天的根系含糖量显著提高了14.0% 和35.1%（p＜0.05）。穗肥比例由15% 增加到35%,水稻吸氮量增加了11.1% ~ 15.6%,氮肥吸收利用率提高了20% ~ 43%,农学利用率提高了37.5% ~ 38.5%,氮肥偏生产力提高了12.6% ~ 20.8%,水稻产量提高了12.3% ~ 12.7%,且均达到了5% 的显著水平。以上结果表明,前氮后移促进了水稻碳氮代谢的协调,增加了根系可溶性糖含量,提高了水稻根系吸氮能力,增加了氮素积累量,因此提高了氮肥利用率和产量。     

Effects of Two Organic Wastes in Combination with Phosphorus on Growth and Chemical Composition of Spinach and Soil Properties

Abstract

Most agricultural soils in Iran are usually low in organic matter (OM). Therefore, increasing OM in these soils is of great concern. Environmental pollution caused by chemical fertilizers has created an interest in the integrated use of organic wastes with inorganic fertilizers. The main purpose of this greenhouse study was to evaluate the impact of two organic wastes and phosphorus (P) on the growth, and elemental composition of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and soil chemical properties. Treatments consisted of four levels of municipal waste compost, MWC (0, 1, 2, and 4%), five rates of poultry manure, PM (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4%), and three P levels (0, 25, and 50 mg kg^?1 as KH₂PO₄). Application of P and MWC alone or in combination significantly increased the top dry weight of spinach. However, spinach growth was markedly increased up to 3% PM and suppressed with the higher rate, probably due to an excess of soluble salts in the soil. Moreover, the enhancing influence of P on spinach seedling growth was more pronounced at lower levels of MWC and PM. Plant P concentration tended to increase with increasing P, MWC, and PM application rates, whereas nitrogen (N) concentration was only affected by the two organic wastes treatment. Manganese (Mn) concentrations decreased, and copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) increased by soil P application. However, P addition significantly decreased zinc (Zn) concentration only in MWC-treated spinach. Spinach plants enriched with either of the two biosolids accumulated more Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, chloride (Cl), and sodium (Na) than control plants. Furthermore, spinach grown on MWC-amended soil contained higher Mn, Zn, Cu, and Pb and lower N, Cl, and Na than those raised on PM-treated soil. Postharvest soil sampling indicated that application of the two biosolids significantly increased concentration of soluble salts, (EC_e), OM, TN, NaHCO₃-extractable P, and DTPA-extractable iron (Fe), Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd.