Cd2+胁迫对紫花苜蓿叶绿素和可溶性糖含量的影响

以紫花苜蓿为试材,采用盆栽试验,研究不同浓度Cd2 胁迫对不同茬期紫花苜蓿的叶绿素、可溶性糖的影响。结果表明:随重金属Cd2 胁迫剂量的加大,3茬紫花苜蓿叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量呈倒"N"形规律变化,即降-升-降的变化,这与重金属诱导下紫花苜蓿的防御机制有关。3茬紫花苜蓿的可溶性糖含量不同,依次是第1茬>第2茬>第3茬,3茬紫花苜蓿的叶绿素含量不同:低浓度Cd2 下,第2茬>第1茬>第3茬;高浓度Cd2 下,第2茬>第3茬>第1茬。主要原因可能是由于苜蓿的收割,导致Cd流失,胁迫作用减弱或者是多种影响因素综合作用的结果。     

西瓜同工酶及可溶性蛋白分析

对京欣一号西瓜的亲本及杂种一代的几种同工酶系统及可溶性蛋白进行了分析。结果表明，在种子萌发过程中，过氧化物酶、酯酶和可溶性蛋白随发育阶段或营养状况的改变而改变；而在相同萌发时期，过氧物酶工酶、酯酶同工酶、过氧化氢酶同工酶和淀粉酶同工酶在亲本及杂种间未见差异，杂种的可溶性蛋白图谱表现与母本相同，而与父本有差异。此外，对６个品种的西瓜、非洲西瓜和瓠瓜的分析结果表明，非洲西瓜和瓠瓜的过氧化物酶酶谱、酯酶     

辣椒雄性不育系小孢子发育及脯氨酸等含量的研究

对辣椒雄性不育系9601-A和保持系9601-B的小孢子发育过程及其脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、粗蛋白的含量和过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶的活性进行了观察和测定。结果表明，9601-A的雄性败育发生在减数分裂末期Ⅱ阶段，导致败育的主要原因是花药绒毡层细胞的高度液泡化，致使小孢子在发育过程中得不到正常的营养供给而死亡；不育系花药可溶性蛋白和粗蛋白(总蛋白)含量均显著低于其保持系，而过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性则高于其保持系。     

患出血病鲫鱼主要组织可溶性蛋白质变化的研究

采用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(SDS-PAGE)对正常和患出血病的鲫鱼心、肝、肾、鳃、脑、肌肉、肠、眼8种组织中可溶性蛋白质进行比较分析。结果表明：病鱼的心、肝、肾、鳃、脑、肌肉6种组织的蛋白质电泳谱带与正常鱼相比有较大变化，心和肾各缺失5条谱带；肝新诱导出1条谱带，另有1条谱带缺失；鳃中新诱导出2条谱带，有2条谱带缺失；脑中增加了4条新谱带，1条谱带缺失；肌肉新增5条谱带。说明鱼在遭受病原菌侵袭后，蛋白质的合成代谢受到较大影响。这些变化可作为辅助疾病诊断的生化指标。     

Evaluating foliar nitrogen compounds as indicators of nitrogen status in Prunus persica trees

Mobile nitrogen (N) forms may be better N indicators of the N status of trees than total nitrogen (TN) due to their higher sensitivity to increasing N supply. A field experiment was carried out over a 3-year period to compare foliar concentrations of total N (TN), soluble N (SN), chlorophyll (Minolta SPAD readings), NH₄–N and NO₃–N as indicators of soil N availability in nectarine, Prunus persica L. Batsch, cv. ‘Fantasia’ (grafted on ‘Nemaguard’ peach, P. persica × P. davidiana) trees. Young trees were exposed to a range of fertilizer-N application rates. Based on correlation analysis, the best association between leaf N compounds with soil N supply and trunk diameter and/or fruit yield was obtained with TN and chlorophyll SPAD readings. Leaf concentrations of mobile N compounds (NH₄–N and NO₃–N) increased more than any other N compound under high N supply; however, their inconsistency among years and low leaf concentration difficult their use as N indicators. The optimum foliar TN for growth decreased with tree age, 4.4%, 3.6% and 3.3% in non-bearing 1-year-old trees, non-bearing 2-year-old trees and 3.3 fruit-bearing 3-year-old trees. The optimum SPAD readings were 40 in 2-year-old trees and 42 in 3-year-old trees. Stable N compounds (TN and chlorophyll SPAD) could be used to N diagnosis in the zone of N deficiency, and soluble N compounds (NH₄–N and NO₃–N) to diagnoses N excess.     

Effects of fruit bagging on coloring and related physiology,and qualities of red Chinese sand pears during fruit maturation

Red Chinese sand pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) are particular to China. In order to determine the effects of fruit bagging treatments (including bag types, bag removal patterns and dates) on fruit qualities and to understand the mechanism of coloring of red Chinese sand pears, two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ were firstly covered by light-impermeable paper bags with different levels of light permeable liners during their early development stage, then, the whole bag were/not removed or only the outer layer of bags were removed 3, 2 or 1 weeks before harvest. Thus, the fruit were/not totally re-exposed or were under different levels of sunlight transmission (80.31% or 34.71%). Non-bagged fruit were used as the control. Bagging treatments significantly affected the concentration of anthocyanin and the visual qualities of pear fruit. Compared to control, fruit re-exposed totally for 2 or 3 weeks accumulated the largest amount of anthocyanin and fruit receiving 80.31% and 34.71% of sunlight for 1–3 weeks could synthesize a little anthocyanin, indicating that high light intensity is imperative for coloring in red Chinese sand pears. Bagging treatments did not affect contents of total soluble sugars, but decreased organic acids contents in fruit. In the second experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ and ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ were covered with only one type of light-impermeable bag during the early development stage and totally re-exposed after the bag removal 15 days before harvest. Fruit were then collected at different intervals to trace the time-course of coloring, and related physiology and inner qualities. With increasing time after the bag removal, the concentration of chlorophyll, carotenoid, flavonoid and total phenols changed little, but the concentration of anthocyanin accumulated extremely fast within 10 days after the bag removal in both cultivars and thereafter kept constant. ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ had higher anthocyanin contents and lower hue angle than ‘Meirensu’, indicating a higher potential of anthocyanin synthesis. After the bag removal, the sucrose contents and PAL activities increased gradually and correlation analysis revealed that they were highly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in two cultivars. This study suggests that anthocyanin biosynthesis in red Chinese sand pears is a highly light dependent process and modified by genotypes. Based on the current results, in order to obtain red Chinese sand pear fruit with attractive appearance and good inner qualities, fruit must be covered with light-impermeable bags at the early stage of fruit development and the bag should be removed totally at least 10 days before harvest.     

不同类型甜菜品种根中Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性和产质量的关系

测定不同类型甜菜品种各生育时期根中Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性、可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白含量和产量、含糖率。结果表明,在幼苗期和叶丛繁茂期,Mg^2＋-ATP活性呈先上升后下降趋势,从块根增长期直至糖分积累期,Mg^2＋-ATP酶的活性逐渐增强,并保持在全生育期最高水平。不同类型品种间存在差异,在各生育时期高糖型品种Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性较强。根中Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性与根中可溶性总糖呈正相关,与甜菜根的成熟进程正相关;Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性与可溶性蛋白质舍量呈负相关,对可溶性糖的积累方面,二者的作用刚好相反。高糖型品种的可溶性总糖含量较高．相应的根中蛋白质含量很低。Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性较高．     

低温弱光对西葫芦幼苗渗透调节物质的影响

以西葫芦品种早青一代为试材,研究了不同低温弱光组合及低温弱光持续时间对西葫芦幼苗渗透调节物质的影响。结果表明:可溶性蛋白质含量随低温弱光逆境程度加剧和持续时间延长持续减少;在15℃/5℃以上,弱光处理渗透调节物质游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量增加,但增加幅度随着弱光逆境加剧和持续时间延长而减弱;但在15℃/5℃下,弱光逆境导致游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量先增加后降低。     

Transgenic sorghum with suppressed synthesis of kafirin subclasses: Effects on flour and dough rheological characteristics

Arising from work showing that conventionally bred high protein digestibility sorghum types have improved flour and dough functionality, the flour and dough properties of transgenic biofortified sorghum lines with increased protein digestibility and high lysine content (TG-HD) resulting from suppressed synthesis of several kafirin subclasses, especially the cysteine-rich γ-kafirin, were studied. TG-HD sorghums had higher flour water solubility at 30 °C (p < 0.05) and much higher paste viscosity (41% higher) than their null controls (NC). TG-HD doughs were twice as strong as their NC and dynamic rheological analysis indicated that the TG doughs were somewhat more elastic up to 90 °C. CLSM of doughs and pastes indicated that TG-HD had a less compact endosperm protein matrix surround the starch compared to their NC. The improved flour and dough functional properties of the TG-HD sorghums seem to be caused by reduced endosperm compactness resulting from suppression of synthesis of several kafirin subclasses which modifies protein body and protein matrix structure, and to improved protein-starch interaction through hydrogen bonding specifically caused by reduction in the level of the hydrophobic γ-kafirin. The improved flour functionality of these transgenic biofortified sorghums can increase their commercial utility by complementing their improved nutritional quality.     

基于介电频谱的采后苹果可溶性固形物含量无损检测

根据10~4500MHz间采后21周贮藏期间无损富士苹果介电参数的频谱特性,建立了苹果可溶性固形物含量的支持向量回归（SVR）预测模型和BP网络预测模型;并综合比较了采用原始频谱（FF）、主成分分析（PCA）和连续投影算法（SPA）优选频率对模型预测效果的影响。研究结果表明,PCA—SVR建模效果最好,其预测相关系数为0.883,均方根误差为0.552,PCA—BP的建模效果较PCA—SVR稍差。并且发现经SPA处理后的数据建立的模型,均方根误差普遍较小;经PCA处理后的数据建立的模型,预测相关系数普遍较高。