不同灌溉模式下光合有效辐射与水稻叶片水分利用效率关系研究

根据江西省示范区晚稻节水灌溉试验资料,研究了不同灌溉模式下叶片水分利用效率随光合有效辐射的变化规律,分析了光合有效辐射与叶片水分利用效率的主要影响因子,气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度以及叶气温差的关系。结果表明:水稻叶片水分利用效率随光合有效辐射的增大表现出先增大后下降的变化趋势,二者之间表现出较好的二次曲线关系;光合有效辐射在500~900μmol/(m2.s)范围内,叶片水分利用效率均大于7.0μmolCO2/mmolH2O;控制灌溉模式下,水稻叶片水分利用效率略大于常规灌溉模式下的单叶水分利用效率,但无明显差异;光合有效辐射与气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度之间表现出较好的多项式关系,与叶气温差呈明显的直线关系,它们的关系从一定程度上揭示了光合有效辐射影响水稻叶片水分利用效率的生理机制。     

辐照交联热收缩套管凝胶含量的测定

辐照剂量的大小直接影响着热收缩套管的扩张难易程度及热收缩套管收缩性能,我们在通常的情况下一般采用测凝胶含量的方法来测定热收缩套管的吸收剂量(即辐照的好坏)。文章讲述了剂量对凝胶含量及热收缩套管的收缩倍率的影响。     

拖拉机窄带电磁辐射骚扰抑制研究

某轮式拖拉机在按欧盟法规ECE R10进行出口认证的电磁兼容性检测时,其窄带电磁辐射不合格。针对该问题,通过试验研究,频谱分析,找出了骚扰源,并对其重新进行了改进。经过试验验证,整改后的拖拉机窄带辐射完全符合标准要求,顺利通过了出口认证测试。     

热辐射下汽车温度分布及隔热分析

为研究热辐射下汽车内部温度场分布及不同隔热措施下汽车温度上升状况,在COMSOL中运用表面辐射传热模块对汽车温度场进行仿真.首先在SolidWorks中建立普通小型汽车的三维模型,然后导入COMSOL并定义汽车不同部位材料属性,最后通过加载外部热辐射、表面漫反射等参数仿真了暴露在阳光下和停靠在阴影下两种状况汽车温度上升...     

吉安一次持续性平流辐射大雾天气成因分析

采用Micaps 3.1资料、赣州探空资料、宜春风廓线(WPRD,60 min)风场产品以及吉安自动观测系统资料,分析2012年11月18—19日吉安一次持续性平流辐射大雾天气过程的大尺度天气背景、动力和热力结构特征及其演变等,揭示了这次平流辐射大雾过程的形成和维持机制。结果表明,这是冷暖平流在有利条件下经过辐射冷却后形成的平流辐射雾。在有利的大尺度背景条件下,暖平流移动到冷的下垫面和冷平流移向较暖的近地层,同时地表净辐射进一步加强近地层冷却,是此次大雾过程的触发和加强机制。特殊的温度场结构增加了低层暖湿空气和下垫面之间的温差,近地层至低层弱的辐合和垂直上升运动有助于小风的维持和稳定;充足的水汽为大雾长时间维持提供了有利条件。近地层风速增大和低层逆温层、湿度层消失是这次连续性平流辐射雾消散的主要原因。     

In UV‐B Irradiated Rice High Levels of Mn Limits Chloroplasts Injury Triggered by Oxidative Stress

The molecular mechanism to control the oxidative burst exerted by Mn accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants, grown in hydroponics containing 0.5, 2 and 8 mg l^–1 Mn and irradiated with a total biological effective UV‐B irradiation of 20.825 kJ m^?2, was investigated in the chloroplasts at the 15th and 21st days after germination. In both experimental periods, Mn accumulation kinetics in the leaves and in the chloroplast lamellae displayed overall increases. Coupled to higher membrane selectivity, superoxide production and acyl lipids peroxidation in the thylakoids decreased, prompting upper rates of the Hill and Mehler reactions. Connected to UV‐B irradiation, higher accumulated Mn in thylakoids was found to be chelated in a 36.5 kDa protein, with Mn/protein ratio of about 1 and high content of Gln, Asp, Glu, Leu and Gly, being its EPR spectrum characteristic of high‐spin Mn(II), in a S = 5/2 ground state. As this protein exhibited enzymatic catalysis of superoxide dismutation, it was concluded that, under UV‐B irradiation, the high internal tolerance of Oryza sativa L. to Mn during the vegetative growth also triggers the synthesis of a manganese protein that mimics superoxide dismutase functioning, therefore furnishing an additional intimate protection against oxidative stress.     

海藻多糖对小鼠骨髓放射性急性损伤的保护作用

目的：观察中药海藻多糖对小鼠骨髓放射性急性损伤的保护作用。方法：检测小鼠骨髓有核细胞总数、DNA含量及嗜多色性红细胞微核率。结果：小鼠接受2Gy γ射线照射后，小鼠骨髓有核细胞总数、DNA含量明显降低(P＜0．01)，骨髓嗜多色性红细胞微核率明显升高(P＜0．01)；20、40mg/kg剂量的海藻多糖能有效防止照射小鼠骨髓有核细胞总数、DNA含量降低(P＜0．05)；10、20、40mg/kg剂量的海藻多糖能防止照射小鼠骨髓嗜多色性红细胞微核率升高(P＜0．05)。结论：中药海藻多糖预防性给药对小鼠骨髓放射性急性损伤有一定的保护作用。     

Numerical analysis of noise radiation from motorcycle engine shell

FEM/BEM (Finite Element Method/Boundary Element Method) mode analysis of the noise radiation from motorcycle engine shell is conducted. The natural frequency is compared between FEM/BEM analysis and experimental analysis. The FEM/BEM results are agreed with the experiment results, which proves that the finite element model is correct. The frequency response is analyzed and the structure’s noise radiation is simulated by means of FEM/BEM, in order to predict the noise radiation from the motorcycle engine shell and gain the sound field characteristic outside the structure. The calculation data is compared with the experiment data in different frequency bands. The result shows high accordance, which indicates that this method is effective.     

Modelling Biomass Accumulation and Partitioning in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Quantitative information regarding biomass accumulation and partitioning in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is limited or inconclusive. The objective of this study was to obtain baseline values for extinction coefficient (K_S), radiation use efficiency (RUE, g MJ^?1) and biomass partitioning coefficients of chickpea crops grown under well‐watered conditions. The stability of these parameters during the crop life cycle and under different environmental and growth conditions, caused by season and sowing date and density, were also evaluated. Two field experiments, each with three sowing dates and four plant densities, were conducted during 2002–2004. Crop leaf area index, light interception and crop biomass were measured between emergence and maturity. A K_S value of 0.5 was obtained. An average RUE of 1 g MJ^?1 was obtained. Plant density had no effect on RUE, but some effects of temperature were detected. There was no effect of solar radiation or vapour pressure deficit on RUE when RUE values were corrected for the effect of temperature. RUE was constant during the whole crop cycle. A biphasic pattern was found for biomass partitioning between leaves and stems before first‐seed stage. At lower levels of total dry matter, 54 % of biomass produced was allocated to leaves, but at higher levels of total dry matter, i.e. under favourable and prolonged conditions for vegetative growth, this portion decreased to 28 %. During the period from first‐pod to first‐seed, 60 % of biomass produced went to stems, 27 % to pods and 13 % to leaves. During the period from first‐seed to maturity, 83 % of biomass was partitioned to pods. It was concluded that using fixed partitioning coefficients after first‐seed are not as effective as they are before this stage. Environmental conditions (temperature and solar radiation) and plant density did not affect partitioning of biomass.     

永登地区日光温室红提葡萄灰霉病的发生与防治

为了给永登县日光温室生产中防治葡萄灰霉病提供技术支持,通过多年的试验和调查,总结分析了永登县日光温室红提葡萄灰霉病发生的自然环境条件及管理因素,提出了以清洁田园、合理密植、水肥管理、整形修剪等农业技术措施为主,化学防治措施为辅的综合防治方法。