典型草原自然演替过程中土壤理化性质动态变化

以内蒙古巴林右旗退化典型草原为研究对象,采用空间序列代替时间序列的方法,探讨围封条件下,退化典型草原自然恢复过程中土壤物理性质及养分的动态变化。结果表明:围封对典型草原土壤含水量产生深刻影响,土壤水分含量呈增加趋势,增加最明显的是土壤表层0~5 cm;典型草原群落自然恢复过程中,土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、速效钾增加极显著(P<0.01),全磷和速效磷增加较为显著(0.01<P<0.05),同时,土壤养分有明显的表聚现象;典型草原群落去除放牧践踏的干扰后,土壤物理性状得以改善,恢复6年和10年的0~5 cm土层土壤容重分别为1.27和1.25 g/cm3,显著低于恢复初期的土壤容重(P<0.05)。     

Evaluation of a new strategy to modulate skeletal development in racehorses by imposing track-based exercise during growth: the effects on 2- and 3-year-old racing careers

REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY: No data exist on the effects of conditioning exercise at foal age on workload and subsequent clinical injury rate during their 2- and 3-year-old racing careers. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of subjecting TB foals to conditioning exercise prior to the start of race training on: the workload required to reach a level of fitness sufficient to compete; and the prevalence of orthopaedic injury during the first 2 seasons of their racing careers. METHODS: Twenty 18-month-old TBs, 12 subjected to conditioning exercise at foal age (CONDEX) and 8 exercised spontaneously at pasture only (PASTEX) were trained and entered in competitive events. Workload was quantified using the cumulative workload index (the product of average velocity and distance at a specific gait) and the animals were monitored clinically and radiographically for signs of musculoskeletal disorders. RESULTS: Workload to reach the desired fitness level was similar for CONDEX and PASTEX. CONDEX performed more prerace training sessions as 2-year-olds (P<0.05). The incidence of orthopaedic injuries was low in both groups and there were no differences in the occurrence of orthopaedic ailments. PASTEX animals tended to show signs of musculoskeletal disorders earlier than CONDEX animals. This time difference was significant for metacarpophalangeal joint pain on flexion, reduced carpal flexion and hindlimb lameness (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Subjecting TB foals to conditioning exercise early in life does not have adverse effects on racing careers at ages 2 and 3 years, and does not influence the workload needed to reach a fitness level that is sufficient for racing. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: The lack of negative effects and the indications of some positive effects of early conditioning exercise in the Thoroughbred encourage further large-scale comparative studies.     

犬新孢子虫NcSRS2基因原核表达质粒的构建

根据已发表的犬新孢子虫NcSRS2基因序列,设计1对含有EcoRⅠ和NotⅠ酶切位点的引物。以提取犬新孢子虫虫体基因组DNA为模板,应用PCR扩增获得NcSRS2 ORF基因片段,将此基因片段克隆到pMD18-T Simple载体上,用EcoRⅠ和NotⅠ双酶切该片段,回收得到含有两个酶切位点黏端的Nc-SRS2 ORF基因,将此基因片段克隆至相同酶切回收后的PGEM-4T-2原核表达载体中,获得重组质粒pGEX-NcSRS2,经PCR鉴定,限制性内切酶分析和克隆片段序列测定比较,证实了重组质粒的正确性。     

祁连山东麓高寒草甸不同退化程度草地土壤种子库特征研究

通过野外调查和种子萌发法对东祁连山高寒草甸4种不同退化程度草地(未退化,ND;轻度退化,LD;中度退化,MD;重度退化,HD)土壤种子库进行了比较研究。结果表明:4种退化程度草地种子密度大小为:轻度退化草地>未退化草地>中度退化草地>重度退化草地;未退化草地共发现了6种植物,主要为十字花科(Cruciferae)和毛茛科(Ranunculaceae)植物;轻度退化草地共发现了9种植物,主要为禾本科(Gramineae)、菊科(Compositae)和豆科(Leguminosae)植物;中度退化草地共发现了5种植物,主要为车前科(Plantaginaceae)植物;重度退化草地共发现了5种植物,主要为禾本科(Gramineae)植物;对于土壤种子库的物种多样性,轻度退化草地最有利于维持和保护该地区物种多样性,未退化草地和轻度退化草地显著优于中度退化草地和重度退化草地;总体来看,4种退化程度草地种子库种子与地面植被物种相似性均较低。     

大黄芩鱼复方中草药泡腾片制备工艺的优化

为优化制备大黄芩鱼复方中草药泡腾片的工艺,本试验采用湿法分别制备酸性粒和碱性粒,以综合评分为评价指标,利用单因素及响应面试验优选制备泡腾片的最优工艺。结果显示:大黄芩鱼复方中草药泡腾片最优的制备工艺为泡腾崩解剂用量为60%、酸碱比为0.5:1、PEG-6000用量为4.5%、甘露醇用量为1%,且pH、崩解时限、发泡量等均符合药典中对泡腾片的质量检查要求。     

饲料中添加2%麦饭石对猪生产性能的影响

试验结果显示:生产母猪饲料中添加2%麦饭石,母猪产仔成活率提高21.82%;猪育肥增重试验,断奶仔猪增重提高20.08%,提高饲料报酬34.21%:4月龄育肥猪增重提高18.38%,提高饲料报酬25.58%。     

内蒙古草原N2O和CH4排放通量及其季节变化特征研究

１９９８年５－１２月,作者在内蒙古半干旱原用静态箱法进行原位Ｎ２Ｏ和ＣＨ４排放通量观测,分析了Ｎ２Ｏ、ＣＨ４排放量及其季节变化和相关过程,定时估计草原Ｎ２Ｏ和ＣＨ４收支在人类活动下的变化。重点讨论了内蒙古古草原型群落羊草,大针茅和退化草原Ｎ２Ｏ和ＣＨ４的排放通量及其季节变化特征。     

IGF2基因表达调控及其遗传变异在动物生长发育中的研究进展

胰岛素样生长因子2（insulin-like growth factor 2,IGF2）作为胰岛素类激素家族中重要成员之一,广泛参与机体众多生理代谢过程,在癌症发生、神经调节、糖代谢疾病、骨质疏松、肌肉发育和脂肪沉积等方面具有重要的作用,其功能行使主要通过与受体IGF1R和IGF2R结合或与胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白IGFBPs和IGF2BPs竞争性结合发挥功能。鉴于IGF2基因在肌肉发育和脂肪沉积中的重要作用,发掘IGF2基因相关分子标记并解析其内在调控机理,在畜牧生产中具有重要的意义。研究发现,众多IGF2基因遗传变异与动物的生长发育之间存在显著相关关系,其可能通过影响IGF2基因印记、甲基化状态、转录因子结合或miRNA靶向结合型转录后调控等方式发挥作用。因此,文章综述了IGF2基因表达调控模式,包括IGF2与其受体的调控关系,基因印记与miRNA参与的表观遗传调控,转录因子对其的调节作用,遗传变异等方面的内容,以期为IGF2基因在动物生长发育调控相关研究中提供相应的借鉴,为分子育种提供有效线索。     

基于Cap蛋白研制的猪圆环病毒2型疫苗研究进展

猪圆环病毒相关疾病(PCVAD)是危害世界养猪业的主要疫病之一,主要由猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)引起。该病毒可引起感染猪免疫系统的破坏,造成严重的免疫抑制,继而引发多种病毒/细菌的混合感染与继发感染,给世界养猪业造成了巨大经济损失。近年来疫苗免疫接种是防控PCVAD的有效手段,由于衣壳蛋白(capside,Cap)是PCV-2的主要免疫保护性抗原,因此常被用作研制PCV-2基因工程疫苗的理想靶抗原。论文就PCV-2Cap蛋白基因工程疫苗的研究进展进行综述,以期为今后PCV-2新型疫苗的研究提供参考。     

Effects of Wnt10b on dermal papilla cells via the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway in the Angora rabbit

Wnt10b is a member of Wnt family that plays a variety of roles in biological functions, including those in the development of hair follicles. To investigate the effect of Wnt10b on hair growth in the Angora rabbit and to determine the underlying molecular mechanism, we cultured dermal papilla (DP) cells with exogenous Wnt10b in vitro. We observed the expressions of downstream critical gene β‐catenin and lymphoid enhancer‐binding factor 1 (LEF1) in Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. The levels of β‐catenin mRNA and protein were higher in the Wnt10b group of DP cells than in the Control group, and the mRNA level of LEF1 in the Wnt10b group was higher than in the Control group. Moreover, translocation of β‐catenin from cytoplasm to nucleus was activated in the Wnt10b group. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of the hair follicle‐regulatory genes, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the protein activity of ALP was also upregulated in the Wnt10b group compared to their corresponding levels in the Control group. These data suggest that Wnt10b could activate the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway to induce DP cells in the Angora rabbit. In addition, the proliferation of DP cells was significantly promoted when cultured with Wnt10b for 48 and 72 hr, suggesting that Wnt10b plays a pivotal role in the proliferation and maintenance of DP cells in vitro. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Wnt10b may promote hair follicle growth in Angora rabbit through the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway that promotes the proliferation of DP cells.