猪支原体肺炎诊断与处理

猪支原体肺炎是生猪养殖中较为常见的一种猪肺疾病类型,该病具有高度接触性、慢性传染性等特点,如果未能得到及时有效的处理则会扩散至整个生猪群体范围,对生猪养殖的经济效益造成严重损害。且在猪支原体肺炎的发生中,该病经常与圆环病毒及其他病原体进行混合感染,进一步加深生猪病情,对生猪养殖造成非常严重的经济损失。养殖人员在生猪养殖中务必要加强对于猪支原体肺炎的重视程度,积极了解猪支原体肺炎的临床症状与发生特点,采取有效的防治措施以避免猪支原体肺炎发生。该文主要论述猪支原体肺炎的发生特点、临床症状以及诊断防治。     

免疫抑制对苏拉灭和贝尼尔治疗小鼠伊氏锥虫病疗效的影响

用从自然感染宿主分离的伊氏锥虫原种ＪＧ的克隆ＪＧｍｃ１和ＪＧｍｃ５感染免疫活性正常小鼠和免疫抑制小鼠，２４ｈ后，以苏拉灭或贝尼尔治疗，两种药物对免疫抑制小鼠的ＣＤ１００均明显高于免疫活性正常小鼠，由经受一次苏拉灭或贝尼尔治疗未愈的免疫抑制小鼠分离的锥虫，感染免疫活性正常小鼠，再用原来对该克隆感染的免疫活性正常小鼠ＣＤ１００的苏拉灭或贝尼尔治疗即无效。用免疫溶解试验分别测定一组免疫抑制和免疫活性正确     

Influence of Land-Use Legacies Following Shrub Reduction and Seeding of Big Sagebrush Sites

Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) plant communities often require management to reduce shrub density and rehabilitate understory vegetation. We studied vegetation responses to a two-way chain harrow treatment and broadcast seeding of 12 herbaceous species at eight Wyoming big sagebrush (A. tridentata Nutt. subsp. wyomingensis Beetle & Young) sites. These sites differed in land-use history; five were cultivated for dryland wheat production during the 1950 ? 1980s and then seeded with introduced forage grasses (C-S), while three had not been exposed to this land-use legacy (non C-S). Our objective was to evaluate whether the C-S legacy influences the magnitude of vegetation change following contemporary treatment. Before treatment, C-S sites had lower sagebrush cover, higher dead sagebrush cover, and higher broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae [Pursh] Britton & Rusby) cover than adjacent non C-S sites. Plant community change 3 years after treatment, determined with multivariate ordination analysis of species composition, varied between site histories, and response to treatment was most strongly correlated with reductions in sagebrush cover, increases in perennial grasses, and increases in 10 other herbaceous species—including some undesirable species and four that were seeded in 2010. Five years after treatment, mature sagebrush cover remained reduced for both land-use histories, yet density of sagebrush seedlings and broom snakeweed increased in C-S sites during the second and third years after treatment. In addition, perennial forb cover increased for C-S sites, while perennial grass biomass increased for non C-S sites. Our results emphasize that broad variability in plant community responses to sagebrush reduction and seeding is possible within the same ecological site classification and that legacy effects due to the combination of past cultivation and seeding should be considered when planning restoration projects, including the consideration that seeding may not always be necessary on C-S sites.     

禽流感病毒分子生物学的研究进展

禽流行性感冒(av ian in fluenza,A I,简称禽流感)是由A型禽流感病毒(av ian in fluenza v irus,A IV)引起的禽类烈性传染病。作为被世界动物卫生组织(O IE)定为A类的传染病,A I不仅给世界养禽业造成了巨大的经济损失,而且对人类健康和生命安全构成了严重威胁。因此,A I已经成为人们关注的焦点,国内外学者也对其进行了大量研究。作者从病原基因组及其编码的蛋白质、致病力、变异性以及对人类感染A IV的分子机制等角度就A IV的分子生物学研究作一综述,为防制A I提供理论基础,并在此基础上探讨了人类禽流感的防治措施,加深人们对A I的认识。     

高钠所致肉用雏鸡肺动脉高压模型的心电图学研究

本试验用心电描记法对３组共２８５羽健康ＡＡ肉鸡从８日龄开始分别饮用含氯化钠０．０％、０．１５％、０．３０％的饮水所致内用雏鸡肺动脉高压综合征进行了研究,结果表明：（１）实验组的右心室和全心室的重量比（ＲＶ／ＴＶ）较对照组显著增坑。（２）回归分析表明ⅡａＶｐ导联波波幅的变化与ＲＶ／ＴＶ和的变化呈强负相关。（３）对照组、实验Ⅰ组、实验Ⅱ组分别有０．０１％,６．２５％,２８．７５％鸡发展成临床型腹水。因     

规模化奶牛场粪污危害、处理及循环利用模式

随着我国奶牛养殖业发展规模的壮大,规模化奶牛场数量持续增加,但奶牛场粪污污染问题也日益凸显。本文结合自身工作经验,首先分析了规模化奶牛场粪污的危害性,然后从雨污分离、固液分离和干清粪工艺对规模化奶牛场粪污处理方式进行概述,最后从厌气（厌氧）发酵获得沼气、微生物发酵用作饲料和生产生物有机肥三种不同模式介绍模化奶牛场粪污的循环利用操作,以期为规模化奶牛场粪污高效利用提供借鉴。     

苜蓿籽蜂越冬虫态对温度的敏感性

本研究将当年收获的苜蓿（Medicago sativa）种子储存于4个温度条件下,采用定期剖种的方法,调查苜蓿籽蜂（Bruchophagus roddi）的越冬虫态及其存活情况。结果表明,苜蓿籽蜂主要以3龄幼虫在苜蓿种子内滞育越冬。10月从田间将苜蓿种子收回,储存温度在18.0 ℃、平均湿度为27.2%（10―12月）时,越冬幼虫于当年12月下旬开始化蛹;储存温度在9.9 ℃,平均湿度为40.1%（10月―次年2月）时,越冬幼虫于次年2月下旬开始化蛹。不同温度和不同时间梯度处理苜蓿种子结果表明,在50 ℃、-30 ℃条件下处理1 d,籽蜂幼虫的死亡率均达100%,苜蓿种子的发芽率分别为93.33%和88.33%。     

复合微生物菌剂在猪粪无害化处理中的应用

为了研究微生物菌剂对粪便恶臭组分及微生物菌群的影响,选取猪粪和玉米秸秆作为堆肥原料进行28 d的堆肥试验.试验分为5组,A、B和C组分别用玉米秸秆调节堆体水分为40％、50％和60％,D和E组不加玉米秸秆,A、B、C和D组分别接种微生物菌剂,E组不添加菌剂.结果 显示,B组堆体的高温持续时间最长,粪便腐熟效果最好.与E...     

Noninferiority trial investigating the efficacy of a nonantibiotic intramammary therapy in the treatment of mild‐to‐moderate clinical mastitis in dairy cows with longer lasting udder diseases

A nonblinded, positively controlled, noninferiority trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of an alternative, nonantibiotic therapy with Masti Veyxym^® to reduce ineffective antibiotic usage in the treatment of nonsevere clinical mastitis (CM) in cows with longer lasting udder diseases. The solely intramammary treatment with Masti Veyxym^® (three applications, 12 hr apart) and the combined treatment with Masti Veyxym^® and antibiotics as usual on the farm according to label of the respective product were compared with the reference treatment of solely antibiotic therapy. The matched field study was conducted on eight free‐stall dairy farms located in Eastern Germany. Cases of mild‐to‐moderate CM in cows with longer lasting high somatic cell counts in preceding dairy herd improvement test days and with previous CM cases in current lactation were randomly allocated to one of the three treatment groups. A foremilk sample of the affected quarter was taken before treatment and again approximately 14 days and 21 days after the end of therapy for cyto‐bacteriological examination. Primary outcomes were clinical cure (CC) and no CM recurrence within 60 days after the end of treatment (no R60). Bacteriological cure (BC) and quarter somatic cell count (QSCC) cure were chosen as secondary outcomes although low probabilities of BC and QSCC cure for selected cows were expected. The study resulted in the following findings: the pathogens mostly cultured from pretreatment samples were Streptococcus uberis, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase‐negative staphylococci. There were no significant differences between the two test treatments in comparison with the reference treatment regarding all outcome variables. The sole therapy with Masti Veyxym^® resulted in a numerically lower likelihood of BC without significant differences to the reference treatment. The combined therapy group showed a numerically higher nonrecurrence rate than the two other treatment groups and noninferiority compared to the reference treatment was proven. Having regard to the selection criteria of cows in this study, the findings indicated that sole treatment with Masti Veyxym^® in nonsevere CM cases may constitute an alternative therapy to reduce antibiotics. However, noninferiority evaluations were mostly inconclusive. Further investigations with a larger sample size are required to confirm the results and to make a clear statement on noninferiority.