新型高效过滤器的研究

对过滤器的结构、过滤机理、过滤材料、过滤速度及过滤精度等项目进行了试验研究。对过滤器的有关性能进行了测试。研制的过滤器结构新颖、体积小、快速快滤，过滤与反冲效果好，过滤速度达到80m／h，过滤精度达到杂质污物去除率90％以上。     

A country's response to tackling plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems: The Chilean way

1. Marine plastic pollution is worse than expected, and we are starting to realize its full extent and severity. Solving the plastic pollution problem is not easy, as it requires the action and commitment of all sectors of our society. With a coastline extending over 4,000 km (from 18°S to 56°S), Chile is a maritime country, and since plastics are potentially harmful for marine and coastal ecosystems, food security, and public health, plastic pollution is a real threat.
2. Chile is the sixth-largest exporter of seafood (fish, invertebrates, and algae) in the world, but the extent of plastic contamination of marine organisms, its potential effects on commercial species and aquaculture, and its subsequent effects on human health are mostly unknown.
3. Chile has recently introduced some legislation to prevent plastics from reaching the environment and the coastal ocean. Governmental and non-governmental organizations have joined an informal alliance to take action against plastic pollution, both at a national and regional level, but stronger involvement of producers and commerce is required for effective measures.
4. Chilean scientists working on plastic pollution have created the Scientific Plastic Pollution Alliance of Chile network, aiming to promote collaborative and coordinated research focused on this pollutant. The wide geographical extent of Chile, with researchers working in diverse ecosystems, provides a unique opportunity to better understand the consequences of one of the most recent and severe threats to biodiversity.
5. Rather than solely presenting the plastic pollution problem from the scientific perspective, this paper includes views from different sectors of society. Mitigating plastic pollution is exceptionally complex, with this study highlighting the importance of local engagement, media, solving social inequities, new legislation, and law enforcement in order to advance on decreasing plastic pollution from a country-wide perspective.

     

Communicating complex marine science: Does media format matter?

1. Considering the deteriorated state of the ocean, maximizing the impact of scientists' media communication is essential for gaining public interest in, and support for, marine conservation initiatives. Unlike conventional news, that involves journalists' interpretation, the media Q&A offers scientists a way to convey insights on complex marine ecosystem issues in their own words. However, the Q&A approach for communicating marine science and conservation issues has not been empirically examined for format-related differences in impact.
2. The modality theory in multimedia learning suggests that information is more effective for accelerating learning and retention when visuals are combined with narrated words, than when combined with written text. This study compared the effects of identically framed information presented in two different media Q&A formats: narrated multimedia (a video on YouTube) and written text with photos (designed to resemble an online mainstream news article). In both formats, a marine scientist explained the complex phenomenon of marine ecosystem tipping points.
3. In an online experiment, 116 respondents were randomly assigned to either view the video or read the article. Effects on knowledge, awareness, and motivation were tested for format-related differences. Data related to time spent on the interventions were used to test the effects of attention retention on awareness and motivation gains. Additionally, the study gauged participants' assessment about the effectiveness of the communication features and framings used and suggestions for enhancing communication effectiveness.
4. Findings showed positive effects on knowledge, awareness, and motivation irrespective of media format, suggesting that other communication aspects such as the messengers, the scientist's communication style, educative content, and message frames probably contributed to impact. Findings also suggest that multimedia formats, which tend to be more costly, may not necessarily be more effective.

     

Antagonistic activity of Aeromonas media strain A199 against Saprolegnia sp., an opportunistic pathogen of the eel,Anguilla australis Richardson

A bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) produced by Aeromonas media strain A199 inhibited the growth of Saprolegnia sp. in vitro, an opportunistic pathogen isolated from affected eels, Anguilla australis (Richardson). The presence of BLIS in solid media inhibited the growth of the vegetative state of the aquatic mould as well as the germination of cysts. Uninhibited growth was, however, observed in the presence of inactive BLIS, suggesting that the in vitro antagonism derived from the BLIS of A199. In four independent in vivo tank observations of fish affected with saprolegniosis, the daily addition of A199 to tank water contributed to the subsequent swift recovery of affected hosts from invasion by this opportunistic pathogen.     

Retrospective surveillance of metabolic parameters affecting reproductive performance of Japanese Black breeding cows

This retrospective study was conducted to confirm the relationship between pre- and postpartum metabolic parameters and postpartum reproductive performance and to clarify seasonal characteristics of the metabolic parameters by using our metabolic profile test (MPT) database of Japanese Black breeding herds. In evaluation 1, MPT databases of blood samples from multiparous cows collected prepartum and postpartum were divided into two groups according to calving interval, and each MPT parameter was compared. In evaluation 2, the same MPT databases used in evaluation 1 were divided into two groups according to the sampling period. Significant differences were found in the prepartal total protein and postpartal γ-glutamyltransferase in evaluation 1. In evaluation 2, significant differences were found in the prepartal and postpartal total protein, albumin/globulin ratio, and glucose. Clear seasonal differences in MPT results emphasized the usefulness of the MPT in breeding cattle herds fed home-pasture roughage and suggest that unsatisfactory reproductive performance during hot periods reflects inadequate nutritional content of the diet and possible reduced feed intake due to heat stress.     

20世纪90年代大众传媒规约下的“马桥论争”

20世纪90年代中国文坛上充满了论争,但那些看似自由的论争因为大众传媒的介入依旧不能自由地展开。本文仅以当年的“马桥论争”为例,从策划的噱头、失真的陷阱和仓促的表演三个层面,分析大众传媒对文学论争的规约与影响。     

关于建立新型国有资本经营预算制度的几点思考

新型国有资本经营预算制度是对国有资本这种经济资源进行配置的规范性制度安排。这一制度克服了政府的社会管理者职能和资本所有者职能的双重矛盾 ,明确了国有资本产权主体并实现了产权主体人格化 ,实现了两权分离和克服了国有资本代理人问题 ,是一种政府预算制度和出资人预算制度以及法人预算制度     

基质栽培对国内主栽山药品种产量和品质的影响

为选择适合无土栽培的山药品种,利用灰色关联法对不同山药品种进行了基质栽培试验。结果表明,农大长山药1号对基质栽培比较适应,综合性状最优,汾阳山药次之,以下依次为平凉山药,蠡县麻山药,温县怀山药,定兴棒山药,太谷山药,北京自皮山药,农大短山药一号,济宁米山药,丰县水山药和安顺山药。农大长山药1号在基质栽培中表现突出,是无土栽培的理想品种。     

数字化竞争、媒介环境与报媒融合路径

报媒是互联网时代媒体的最大输家,其传统经营模式面临彻底崩溃危机。基于PEST分析模型,采用最新数据对报媒组织外部环境进行研究,探讨政治、法律环境、经济环境、社会文化环境和技术环境的变化如何改变报业的生存环境。在此基础上,以《华尔街日报》为例,详细分析其数字化生存路径：品牌内容的延伸和整合、推出多样化视频服务、数字平台建设及多元化营销战略。最后,文章提出国内报媒应该从树立“内容第一、数字第一、受众第一”理念、品牌融合经营以及重视平台融合等几方面应对来自互联网等新兴媒体的冲击。     

以XL水库为例探讨水利水电项目社会保障安置模式

社会保障安置模式对于土地资源少、人地矛盾突出,经济发达且移民专业技能较强的地区,提供了很好的借鉴。在介绍社会保障安置模式的基础上,结合XL水库的实践,总结和讨论了相关经验,以期为水利水电项目生产安置方式提供新的探索模式。