对中国农民社会意识形态演变的分析

中国作为以农村人口为主的农业大国,农民是国家经济和政权的基础,农民素质的提高是经 济发展的前提,虽然长期以来“三农问题”始终羁绊着中国前行的脚步,但基于自中国实施改革开放 以来在政治、经济、科技、文化、教育等方面所取得的巨大进步,中国农民在社会意识形态领域发生了 极大的转变。因此,它将先从哲学、经济学、社会学等方面探究社会意识形态的形成、特点、及转变的 原因,得出社会意识形态的发展随思维的发展而发展的结论;然后将对改革开放以前中国农民社会 意识形态的特点进行概括性分析;最后将对自改革开放以来中国农民在教育观念、政治思想、法律思 想,经济意识四方面的演变过程进行较系统的研究。     

皖北贫困地区农村社会保障存在的问题及对策

构建和谐社会,统筹城乡经济社会发展的重要一环是建立新型农村社会保障体系,而皖北贫困地区农村社会保障更是其中薄弱的一环,其解决的好坏,将直接影响到新农村建设乃至整个社会的持续发展及和谐社会的构建。针对当今皖北贫困地区农村社会保障的现实背景、存在问题及已有研究理论进行仔细分析后,提出了解决这一问题的具体措施,主要包括:建立和完善农村社会救济制度、健全农村医疗保障制度等,以构建切实有效的农村社会保障模式。     

我国传媒业建立和完善激励机制初探

西方管理学的激励理论可分为"内容型激励理论"和"过程型激励理论"。其理论对我国传媒业建立和完善激励机制富于启迪。我国传媒业正处于由计划经济向市场经济转轨的过程中,大锅饭、铁饭碗现象还存在。而"内部人控制"和单纯按绩效计酬的分配方式也反映了传媒业运行的不够成熟。我国传媒业建立和完善激励机制,其实质是构筑一种充满生机活力的文化。在激励模式上,需求激励仍受重视,团队激励、风险激励也适应了传媒业改革和发展的需要。     

曼地亚红豆杉种条扦插育苗试验

从美国引进曼地亚红豆杉优良品种(T axusm ed ia“N igra”)种条20万根,经塑料大棚温床扦插试验,平均成活率89.3%,其中Ⅰ级条成活率为84.9%,Ⅱ级条89.2%,Ⅲ级条90.1%。6月上旬,将已生根成活的苗木移栽于塑料杯容器中,容器苗移到盖有遮荫网的大棚内,经10月底调查,平均成活率99.4%,其中Ⅰ级条成活率99.3%,Ⅱ级99.4%,Ⅲ级99.4%。目前,4 a生苗高已达40~50 cm,地径1.3~1.5 cm,苗木生长健壮,叶色浓绿,未发生任何病害,每株苗已萌发新枝10根左右,可以采条进行扩大繁殖。     

林檎叶的综合利用研究Ⅱ．叶片浸出物的抑菌效应

在总结传统应用的基础上，通过系统试验，探索了林檎叶浸出物对饮料抑菌防腐的效应．以饼干、鲜葡萄汁、米饭、蔗糖、琼脂作培养基，并以茶作对照进行的试验结果表明，林檎叶的浸出液具有较明显的抑菌效果，以林檎叶为主要原料研制的饮料产品，在自然条件下存放６０ｄ，经湖南省食品质量监督检测所检验，符合国家食品卫生质量要求．     

曼地亚红豆杉生物学特性研究

介绍了曼地亚红豆杉的分类地位及形态、生理、生化、组培、繁殖等生物学方面的特性.     

Experiences and perspectives of farmers from Upstate New York farmers' markets

Despite the growing popularityof farmers' markets (FMs) across the UnitedStates, the experiences and perspectives offarmers who sell at markets have received verylittle research attention. This study describesthe views of 18 farmers from Upstate New Yorkon the importance of FMs as part of theirlifestyle and livelihood, the challenges theyface selling at markets, and their conceptionsof ideal FMs. Through in-depth, semi-structuredinterviews, farmers expressed economic andsocial motivations for selling at FMs; socialbenefits from interacting with customers; andthe challenges they faced as small-scalefarmers and sellers, including extra-marketcompetition, uncooperative and problematicmarket vendors, rising farm input costs, andchanging consumer trends. Farmers alsodiscussed personal values associated withselling at FMs, such as pride in raising andmarketing one's own products, working togetherwith other farmer-vendors, and providingcustomers with honest information. Visions ofideal FMs were varied among farmers, but therewas general agreement that FMs should provide adiversity of products to attract customers andeducational opportunities for the public tolearn more about FMs and local produce. Theinterdependence of FM farmers was a majoremergent theme across interviews. Findingssuggested that market experiences of FMfarmers, including economic success, are notonly contingent on personal effort, but canalso be affected by the work of fellow vendors.Future research may look to further explore howFM farmers and other vendors interact ascooperative and competitive social and economicunits. At the community level, FM leadershipshould continue to focus on the experiences andperspectives of farmers and other marketvendors, in addition to identifying ways forenhancing cooperative FM enterprises.     

Rooted in grass: Challenging patterns of knowledge exchange as a means of fostering social change in a southeast Minnesota farm community

By convening a multidisciplinary team(the Monitoring Team) that included farmers,university and agency researchers, andnon-profit staff; a small group of farmers insoutheast Minnesota, U.S.A., bolstered thelegitimacy of the sustainable agriculturemovement. Through the experience of forming ateam and working with individuals who operatedwithin the mainstream knowledge paradigm,farmers gained validation of their knowledgeabout farming, while researchers came to valuealternative knowledge systems. In the contextof a socially embedded movement, farmers wereempowered by sharing their knowledge withresearchers, and ultimately contributed to thesustainable agriculture movement by challengingtraditional patterns of knowledge exchange.     

农业高新技术价值观念的评价

我国农业生产力的增长主要依靠农业高新技术。笔者对农业高新技术的本质特征进行了评价 ,指出农业高新技术是改造农业的工具和手段 ,其在应用过程中产生的积极作用和消极作用总是并存 ;同时也表明 ,农业高新技术是一种社会活动 ,受到各种社会条件的制约。并结合社会条件进一步分析了其价值取向 ,必须通过正确的决策和科学的管理才能最大限度地减弱和避免农业高新技术在实际应用中可能带来的消极影响。     

滤膜过滤器新的理论模型初步探讨

通过对滤膜过滤器的过滤机理进行分析，认为过滤器在使用期间，滤膜中每个毛细管的过滤性能随时间和空间位置的变化而变化，因而对过滤器性能的评价还应从系统的、全面的、宏观统计的观点来综合反映，由此可根据多孔介质流体动力学理论模型来准确地反映滤膜过滤器的性能变化。