基于马斯洛需求理论的新生代农民工劳动关系的构建

新生代农民工的需求较上一代农民工有其特殊性。基于马斯洛需求理论,分析当前新生代农民工的生理需求未得到满足,对安全的需求增加,希望受尊重和社交的愿望强烈,并且有迫切的自我实现需求。然而,目前社会纯经济利益化的劳动关系难以满足新生代农民工的生理需求,劳动保障措施也无法完全满足新生代农民工的安全需求,劳资双方关系不对等不能满足新生代农民工尊重和社交的需求,劳动关系不稳定也影响了新生代农民工自我实现需求。新生代农民工同时存在的生理、安全、尊重、社交和自我实现这五种需求与现在经济利益化、不安全、不平等、不稳定的劳动关系形成了突出的矛盾。需要通过创建员工与企业共享式发展的劳动关系、建立和完善社会保障制度、建立平等的劳动关系以及建立稳定的劳动关系,满足新生代农民工不同层次的需求,建立稳定和谐的劳动关系。     

Comparison of physiological and yield traits between purple- and white-pericarp rice using SLs

Five physiological and eleven yield traits of two pairs of sister lines generated from a high generation with similar genetic background (SLs) for purple pericarp were investigated to explore the reasons behind low-yield production of colored rice. Of the five physiological traits examined, except grain anthocyanin content, there were generally similar trends between the P (purple-pericarp) lines and the corresponding W (white-pericarp) lines over two seasons (in the year 2009 and 2010 separately). The results demonstrated that the chlorophyll content of flag leaves, the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves, and the grain anthocyanin content could be easily influenced by the environment. The physiological functions of the traits for the P lines were more active than those of the corresponding W lines in the year 2010. The grain anthocyanin content of the P lines was much greater in the year 2010 than in the year 2009 during the growth period. The investigation of yield traits revealed that the P lines had reduced 1000-grain weight, yield per plot and grain/brown rice thickness compared to the W lines. A difference comparison of these traits and a source-sink and transportation relationship analysis for these SLs suggested that small sink size was a key reason behind yield reduction of purple pericarp rice.     

Induction of Systemic Resistance in Cucumber against Several Diseases by Plant Growth-promoting Fungi: lignification and Superoxide Generation

Five fungal isolates (Trichoderma, Fusarium, Penicillium, Phoma and a sterile fungus) from zoysiagrass rhizosphere that promote plant growth were tested for their ability to induce systemic resistance in cucumber plants against Colletotrichum orbiculare. Roots of cucumber plants were treated with these fungal isolates using barley grain inocula (BGI), mycelial inocula (MI) or culture filtrate (CF). Most isolate/inoculum form combinations significantly reduced the disease except BGI of Trichoderma. These fungal isolates were also evaluated for induction of systemic resistance against bacterial angular leaf spot and Fusarium wilt by treatment with BGI. Penicillium, Phoma and the sterile fungus significantly reduced the disease incidence of bacterial angular leaf spot. Phoma and sterile fungus protected plants significantly against Fusarium wilt. Roots treated with CFs of these fungal isolates induced lignification at Colletotrichum penetration points indicating the presence of an elicitor in the CFs. The elicitor activity of CFs was evaluated by the chemiluminescence assay using tobacco callus and cucumber fruit disks. The CFs of all isolates elicited conspicuous superoxide generation. The chemiluminescence activity of the CF of Penicillium was extremely high, and its intensity was almost 100-fold higher than that of other isolates. The chemiluminescence activity was not lost following treatment with protease or autoclaving or after removal of lipid. The MW 12,000 dialyzed CF fraction was highly effective in eliciting chemiluminescence activity. Chemiluminescence emission from cucumber fruit disks treated with Penicillium was the same as that obtained from tobacco callus, except that the lipid fraction also showed a high activity. Both the MW 12,000 fraction and the lipid fraction induced lignification in the epidermal tissues of cucumber hypocotyls.     

Components of resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) in eight South AmericanSolanum species

Four components of partial resistance toPhytophthora infestans were measured after inoculation in the greenhouse and in the field ofSolanum arnezii x hondelmannii, S. berthaultii, S. circaeifolium, S. leptophyes, S. microdontum, S. sparsipilum, S. sucrense andS. vernei, and four hybrid progenies ofS. microdontum withS. tuberosum. The four components were infection efficiency, lesion growth rate, generation time and sporulation capacity. The results were compared with resistance ratings derived from field experiments, and with observations made on the potato cultivars Bintje, Bildstar, Libertas and Pimpernel. Genetic variation for all components was found, while the relative importance of the components of partial resistance appeared to vary between the species. InS. microdontum, generation time, infection efficiency and lesion growth rate, and inS. tuberosum infection efficiency, lesion growth rate and sporulation capacity appeared positively associated, but in other species no such association was found. A strong hypersensitive reaction, the expression of which appeared to depend on environmental conditions, was found inS. microdontum. ForS. berthaultii, infection efficiency appeared to be the main resistance component.Abbreviations ADPC area under the disease progress curve - IE infection efficiency - LGR lesion growth rate - GT generation time - SC sporulation capacity     

华北棉田二代棉铃虫发生程度中期预测

在华北棉区用扫网法和目测查虫法调查麦田一代棉铃虫幼虫发生量，用比较法和生命表分析法预测二代棉铃虫在棉田的发生程度和虫口密度。经1991—1994年应用检验，预测结果均与实际发生情况吻合。     

姥山马尾松1代种子园良种选育

经过１０多年努力，姥山马尾松１代无性系种子园建成投产，经造林测定，６年生子代林的树高、胸径、村积生长量分别比对照提高１５．２％、１８．４％、５６．８％．良种效益显著，并经浙江省林木良种审定委员会审定通过。     

基于形式规约的软件测试用例自动生成技术研究

在Hierons提出的一种基于Z语言软件自动测试方法的基础上进行了拓展．该方法基于软件的Z语言规约；以HierOns提出的推理规则为基础，提出了分裂树的算法，将操作模式的约束条件转换为形如ViPi∧Qi的析取范式；然后根据析取范式将Z语言描述的操作模式划分为子操作模式；依据子操作模式的前置条件和后置条件，将子操作模式作为状态转换图的转换关系，构建了被测试软件的状态转换图；依据状态转换图，提出了相应的状态覆盖准则、转换关系覆盖准则和转换关系谓词覆盖准则等测试数据选择准则．     

野蚕越冬卵的孵化和年发生代数的研究

研究证实(1980—1984年),嘉湖平原野蚕年发生三代.越冬卵始孵期为四月中旬,盛期为六月中旬.但近半个世纪以来.很多人一直误认为四月中旬发生的野蚕是第一代,六月下旬发生的为“第二代”,事实上都是越冬卵孵化的幼虫.均为第一代.经测定,四月下旬越冬卵孵化率为0.15%,5月下旬为7.9%,6日20日为91%.本区野蚕产越冬卵最的早在9月17日,高峰期在11月上旬.结束期在12月14日,越冬卵产出越早,翌年卵孵期也早,孵化的早和迟之间可相差122天.野蚕越冬卵翌年孵化期长的原因.与秋冬产卵期长及桑园生态环境复杂有关.据室内4月24日越冬卵孵化的幼虫连续饲养,到第三代卵期恰与室外第二代卵期相重叠,说明自然界发生第四代是可能的,但真正存活率在1%以下.在防治措施上,以在越冬卵孵化高峰期(6月15—20日)施用0.1%敌敌畏.防效最好.     

杂种二代落叶松增产能力的研究

利用杂种一代自由授粉的种子造林，所产生的杂种二代具有明显的增产能力。７年生的落叶松高生长比对照平均增加３９．６％，其保存率也普遍高于对照。杂种二代与杂种一代一样具有较强的抗寒能力和适应性。充分利用杂种一代，可节省大量的人力、物力，促进营林生产的发展。     

一代与二代人促闽粤栲林分特征对比评价

同一地林块８年生一代和６年生二代人促闽粤栲林分群落学特征及测树学特征对比评价结果表明：两代林分群落结构相近；二代林分乔木层物种多样性指数、均匀度比一代林分略大；二代林分生产力较一代林分的低，但仍保持较高的生产力．