Genetic analysis of late blight resistance in Solanum pimpinellifolium accession PI 270441: Heritability and response to selection

Late blight (LB), caused by Phytophthora infestans, is a destructive disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) worldwide. Currently, there are few commercial cultivars of tomato with resistance to LB, and the disease is mainly controlled by heavy use of fungicides. Due to the emergence of fungicide‐resistant pathogen isolates, there is a concerted effort to identify new genetic sources of resistance and breed new resistant cultivars. A recent screening identified several new tomato accessions with strong resistance to LB. Here, we report on the genetic basis of LB resistance in S. pimpinellifolium accession PI 270441, as determined by generation means analysis and analysis of response to selection, using populations derived from crosses with LB‐susceptible breeding line Fla. 8059. Heritability of LB resistance ranged from 0.76 to 0.78, and the minimum number of genes was estimated 1—few. These results suggest that transfer of LB resistance from PI 270441 to the cultivated tomato should be feasible via a traditional backcross breeding approach. Genetic mapping studies are underway to identify molecular markers associated with resistance in this accession.     

早实核桃新品种‘岱丰’

 ‘岱丰’为核桃品种‘丰辉’的实生后代优株, 果实中大型, 丰产, 优质, 壳薄光滑, 外观美, 抗逆性强。外观、出仁率及壳厚均已达到国际良种核桃的要求。     

姥山马尾松1代种子园良种选育

经过１０多年努力，姥山马尾松１代无性系种子园建成投产，经造林测定，６年生子代林的树高、胸径、村积生长量分别比对照提高１５．２％、１８．４％、５６．８％．良种效益显著，并经浙江省林木良种审定委员会审定通过。     

一代与二代人促闽粤栲林分特征对比评价

同一地林块８年生一代和６年生二代人促闽粤栲林分群落学特征及测树学特征对比评价结果表明：两代林分群落结构相近；二代林分乔木层物种多样性指数、均匀度比一代林分略大；二代林分生产力较一代林分的低，但仍保持较高的生产力．     

Genomic characterization and comparative analysis of Leptospira kirschneri serogroup Grippotyphosa UC5/2011, a strain isolated after mare abortion: Implications for genital animal leptospirosis

The genome of a Brazilian strain of Leptospira kirschneri serogroup Grippotyphosa isolated from a mare post-abortion was sequenced and analyzed. High symmetrical identity and few structural differences were found when compared with a European strain of the same serogroup, L. kirschneri serovar Valbuzzi strain 200702274. Genes associated with virulence and antimicrobial resistance were found. Knowledge of the virulence evolution of Leptospira remains limited, especially in diseases of the reproductive sphere. We highlight the importance of virulence studies in the sphere of genital leptospirosis.     

草地螟2代幼虫发生的气象条件等级预报方法——以兴安盟为例

[目的]明确兴安盟草地螟2代幼虫的发生规律并建立2代幼虫与气象因子的预测模型。[方法]选取1980~2015年草地螟监测资料和同期气象资料,采用相关分析和典型年份对比分析法,研究影响草地螟2代幼虫发生的关键气象因子及气象指标,并采用气象因子加权方法建立2代幼虫发生的气象等级预报模型。[结果]影响草地螟2代幼虫发生的关键气象因子为温度、降雨量、相对湿度、降雨日数和高温日数。当1代成虫出现蛾峰后1~10 d平均气温22.0~24.0℃、降雨量30~100 mm、相对湿度60%~80%、降雨日数6~8d、无高温日数时,最适宜草地螟1代成虫产卵、孵化和2代幼虫发生;而1代成虫出现蛾峰后1~10 d持续低温多雨(高湿)或者高温少雨(低湿)天气会明显抑制草地螟1代成虫产卵和孵化,导致2代幼虫轻发生甚至不发生;模型检验结果表明,有草地螟1代成虫监测资料的8 a中,适宜发生(1级)和不适宜发生(3级)的回代结果与实际完全相符(占88%),较适宜发生(2级)的回代结果与实际相差1个等级(占12%),说明模型预报气象等级1级和3级效果较好。[结论]研究结果为开展草地螟2代幼虫气象预报提供了理论依据。     

刺槐林地产流特征及其土壤水分动态谐波分析

刺槐林是中国北方丘陵半干旱区典型的生态防护林树种之一。通过自然降雨径流场定位观测试验,本文对辽宁西部地区(1850-12225E,4024-4234N)刺槐生态防护林及其采伐迹地的产流、产沙特征和土壤水分动态变化规律进行了定量研究。采伐迹地与刺槐林地相比二者之间的产流量和产沙量存在显著差异,采伐迹地的产流量和产沙量比刺槐林地分别增加40%-177%和180%-400%。典型降雨产流水文过程线显示,刺槐林地径流峰值比采伐迹地低1.0-2.5?0-3m3穝-1,且径流峰值出现的时间比采伐迹地滞后10-20min。谐波分析表明,刺槐林地与采伐迹地土壤含水量随年内降水量变化分干、湿两季,呈周期性变化,刺槐林地土壤年平均含水量比采伐迹地高2.3%。研究结果表明:刺槐生态防护林具有涵养水源、增加土壤水分、减少地表径流与土壤侵蚀的重要作用。图2表4参12。     

Extractives relating to heartwood color changes in sugi (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis>) by a combination of smoke-heating and UV radiation exposure

 Sugi green logs with red or black heartwood were smoke-heated, and the changes in the color of the heartwood after ultraviolet (UV) (λ = 365 nm) radiation exposure were then observed. After UV radiation exposure, the redness and yellowness increased in both the red and black heartwoods, whereas the brightness decreased. In the black heartwood, the resulting color turned from yellowish white to reddish brown. Reddening in black heartwood after exposure to a combination of smoke heating and UV radiation is thought to be due to a decrease in brightness and an increase in both redness and yellowness. However, the degree of change in heartwood color by UV radiation exposure was not greatly affected by smoke-heating treatments of various lengths. When methanol extracts were fractionated and exposed to UV radiation, the yellowness increased in the n-hexane-soluble portion and the redness increased in the acetone-soluble fractions from the n-hexane-insoluble portion. These results suggest that the n-hexane-soluble fraction contains the substances that allow heartwood color to change to yellow after UV radiation exposure, and the acetone-soluble-fraction from the n-hexane-insoluble portion contains the substances that allow it to change to red. Received: November 14, 2001 / Accepted: June 3, 2002 Acknowledgment This research was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. This study was presented in part at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 2001 Correspondence to:N. Yoshizawa     

企业家生成机制的博弈分析

研究了在企业家生成过程中,企业家之间由于行为的互动性而引起的均衡结果的变化,以及均衡结果的协调,达到帕累托最优的问题.     

利用"指数选择"的方法选择马尾松二代优树研究

“开发马尾松子代优树选择技术”是中日合作林木育种科技中心项目正在实施的“开发多世代选择育种技术”的课题之一。该项目主要是在生长量、材质等性状方面选择出比上一代更好的优树 ,并将选择的优树进行杂交 ,建立育种群体林。为开发出非常有效的、比较先进的优树选择技术和分析方法提供借鉴。