山东曲阜地区农田生态系统土壤动物群落结构分析

采集了5种土样,对曲阜农田生态系统土壤动物群落进行了初步调查,用干漏斗法收集土壤动物,用75%的酒精保存,然后分类并计数。获得土壤动物总计427头15类,其中蜱螨类、弹尾类、线虫类为优势类群,分别占土壤动物全捕量的28.34%、36.07%、15.93%,其他种类为常见类群和稀有类群,并且对该地区土壤动物的多样性及相似性进行了分析。     

Misidentification of soil bacteria by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and BIOLOG analyses

 Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis is commonly used by soil scientists as a sole method for identifying soil bacteria. We observed discrepancies with this method for identifying certain species of bacteria. Therefore, we used carbon substrate oxidation patterns (BIOLOG) and some simple physical and chemical tests to determine the extent of these discrepancies. Identification with FAME profiles gave false positives for Arthrobacter globiformis, Micrococcus kristinae, and M. luteus, and identification with BIOLOG patterns gave a false positive identification for A. globiformis. A visual check and Gram stain are recommended when FAME analysis identifies soil isolates as M. kristinae or M. luteus, and an additional spore formation test is recommended when FAME and BIOLOG analyses identify isolates as A. globiformis. Received: 14 January 2000     

丹皮质量变化规律之指纹图谱相似性分析

为了探索重庆市垫江县药用牡丹规范化种植基地中川丹皮药材的质量变化规律,以确定牡丹的最佳生长周期与采收期,指导丹皮GAP生产,同时为丹皮药材建立一种更合理的质量控制方法,采用HPLC法建立川丹皮的特征性化学成分指纹图,并测定各样品的化学成分色谱图,通过相似性计算,分析川丹皮生长过程中的质量变化情况。实验结果表明川丹皮以四年生到五年生十月份采收的样品色谱图与川丹皮特征性化学成分指纹图相似度最高;同时也表明中药化学成分色谱指纹图谱技术是一种全方位多角度控制中药质量方法可以更有效的指导中药材规范化种植     

The Genetic Diversity and Similarities Among <Emphasis Type="Italic">Kengyilia</Emphasis> Species Based on Random Amplified Microsatellite Polymorphism (RAMP)

The genetic diversity and similarities among 32 Kengyilia accessions, distributed to 14 species and one variety were analyzed by using random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMP) markers. Of the 160 RAMP primer combinations tested, 40 (25%) produced polymorphic and clear bands. A total of 264 bands were produced by 40 primer combinations, among which 231 out of 264 bands (87.5%) were polymorphic. Two to 11 polymorphic bands could be amplified from each primer combination, with an average of 5.8 bands. The data of 264 bands were used for RAMP assay. By NTSYS-pc program, genetic similarity coefficients were generated and dendrogram was constructed using UPGMA. The genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.477 to 0.965 with the mean of 0.714. The results showed as follows: (1) distinct genetic differences were present among the different species; (2) the different accessions in a species were clustered together, respectively, which had larger genetic similarities and closer relations; (3) the species with similar morphological characters and the species from the same areas or neighboring geographical regions were clustered together; (4) the lowest genetic similarity was found between K. hirsuta (PI531618) and K. laxiflora (PI531631), while the highest genetic similarity was observed between K. hirsuta (Y2364) and K. hirsuta (Y2368); (5) RAMP results are basically comparable with those obtained from studies on morphology and cytology. It is a useful method for analysis of the genetic diversity and similarities in Kengyilia.     

RAPD analysis of genetic relationships of seven flax species in the genus Linum L

The wild progenitor of the cultivated flax (Linumusitatissimum L.) has been long hypothesized to beL. angustifolium Huds., largely fromseveral phytogeographic cytogenetic and phenotypic studies, but no molecularstudies on the issue are found. In this study, we genotyped 12 flax accessionsrepresenting seven flax species in the genus Linum with 527RAPD loci from 29 informative RAPD primers and analyzed their geneticrelationships with simple matching, Dice's and Jaccard's similaritycoefficients. Large RAPD variations were found among the flax species.L. usitatissimum andL. angustifolium had a higher RAPDsimilarity than the other pairs of flax species and these two species wereconsistently clustered in the same group with all of the similarity coefficientsused. This molecular finding provides an additional support for the hypothesisof L. angustifolium as the wildprogenitor of cultivated flax.     

土壤中有机化学品降解动力学的某些模型与机理建模中的相似观

如果不同事物的机理可被函数形式严格相同的数学模型所描述。我们就认为在这些事物之间存在机理相似性。机量相似性可以帮助我们在机理建模方法的科学探索。降解有机化学品的微生物在机理上相似于相互用种群的Ｖｏｌｔｅｒｒａ模型中的捕食者种群；但有机化学品浓度的变化在数理上不同于Ｖｏｌｔｅｒｒａ模型中被捕食者种群密度的变化。     

驼蹄仿生轮胎对整车牵引性能影响的相似模拟研究

与普通轮胎相比 ,驼蹄仿生轮胎具有较好的牵引性能。为考察装备驼蹄仿生轮胎的整车牵引性能 ,在车辆行走机构沙地试验台上对驼蹄仿生轮胎进行了重复通过牵引性能试验 ,研究了驼蹄仿生轮胎的载荷、气压、滑转率和侧缘对其牵引系数和牵引效率的影响。根据相似理论 ,对装备驼蹄仿生轮胎的整车牵引性能进行了模型和原型相似分析。研究表明 ,一定工况下整车的牵引性能可用单个驼蹄仿生轮胎的重复通过性能来预测。     

哀牢山西坡蚂蚁的多样性

通过样地调查法对云南省哀牢山自然保护区西坡4个垂直带、8个水平带28块样地蚁科昆虫进行了调查,分析了其多样性在垂直带上的分布规律,以及不同样地间蚂蚁群落的相似性。研究结果表明,哀牢山西坡样地中蚂蚁物种数目介于1～43种。蚂蚁物种数目、多样性及个体密度在垂直带上呈现一定的规律性,即随海拔的升高而降低,优势度与多样性的变化规律一致,均匀度没有明显的变化规律。但也出现了一些非规律性的例外,可能与植被的次生化和片断化有关。样地的85组相似性系数中,有3组相似性系数处于0.25～0.50,为中等不相似水平并接近极不相似,占3.5%;其余82组为极不相似水平或无任何相似,占96.5%。在北段2250m、中北段2500m、中南段2250m海拔以上植被类型和其它植被类型之间,基本上没有任何相似之处,在这些海拔之下则基本上具有一定的相似性。这说明生境的异质性对蚂蚁群落产生了很大的影响。     

Measurement of casual blood pressure by implantable telemetry

AIM:To establish a method of casual blood pressure measurement by implantable telemetry and to improve the efficiency of telemeter. METHODS:The spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were used as the experimental animal model, and the mean blood pressure (MBP) of 24 h and other physiological parameters were recorded for consecutive days by implantable telemetry. The data of MBP at different intervals of 30 min, 1 h and 3 h were calculated, and the dynamic change of the MBP was observed. The similarity of the MBP at different time intervals with the MBP of 24 h was compared by a similarity factor comparison method. RESULTS:The basic blood pressure of 24 h changed and fluctuated according to some rhythm. Interestingly, in the time period of 20:00~23:00, the MBP showed a high stability, and had a similarity to the MBP of 24 h. In further pharmacodynamic experiments, it was displayed that the MBP curve at this period was highly similar to the MBP curve of 24 h, and the similarity factor reached up to 77.8. CONCLUSION: Based on the time period of 20:00~23:00, the method of casual blood pressuremeasurement by implantable telemetry demonstrates high accuracy, repeatability and typicality, suggesting that it could be a new alternative blood pressure measurement method for improving the battery life and efficiency of telemeter to carry out long-term pharmacodynamic study.     

紫杉所在群落梯度与环境梯度的综合研究

本文运用群落梯度与环境梯度综合分析的方法研究了紫杉种群所在的群落结构特性,进行环境梯度分析时所选取的因子是群落内的光照度、林下土壤的pH、容重、速效氯、速效磷、速效钾以及土壤有机质,分析了群落内各主要树木种群的重要值沿环境梯度的分布状况及其成因,运用群落相似性指数(SI)计算了紫杉所在群落中各样带间的相似程度,然后运用极点排序法(PO)进行了三维排序,最后分析了三维立体模型的生态学机理。