鸡白痢沙门氏菌鸡胚感染模型建立方法的筛选

为筛选出理想的鸡白痢沙门氏菌宿主感染模型的建立方法,本研究通过选择不同接种方式配合不同菌液浓度接种不同胚龄鸡胚建立感染模型,将90枚SPF鸡胚随机分成9组,每组10枚,分别为A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I组,A组为空白对照组,其余各组为模型组,模型组分别以气室接种、蛋壳接触接种的方式对不同胚龄（11和14胚龄）SPF鸡胚接种不同浓度（1×10³、3×10³、9×10³、3×10⁵、9×10⁵ CFU/mL）的鸡白痢沙门氏菌C79-3菌株。每天观察情况直至出雏,待雏鸡孵出后按组分笼饲养,每隔12 h观察1次,连续观察7 d,观察各组雏鸡的临床症状、死亡情况,观察期结束对死亡和存活雏鸡进行剖检、组织病理学检查及鸡白痢沙门氏菌的分离鉴定。结果显示,各模型组均有雏鸡出现明显的鸡白痢病症状并死亡,相较于其他模型组,以11胚龄蛋壳接触感染方式接种9×10⁵ CFU/mL的C79-3菌液的F组和14胚龄气室感染方式接种3×10³ CFU/mL C79-3菌液0.1 mL的H组,鸡胚出壳率较高,可分别达到80%和90%,出壳雏鸡呈现明显鸡白痢病特征,剖检可见肝脏出血、盲肠膨大、卵黄囊吸收不良;组织病理切片可观察到肝脏、盲肠、心脏各有不同程度的损伤,发病率分别100%和88.8%,并且鸡白痢沙门氏菌阳性检出率分别达70%和90%。本研究结果表明,以11胚龄蛋壳接触感染方式接种0.1 mL 9×10⁵ CFU/mL的C79-3菌液和14胚龄以气室感染方式接种0.1 mL 3×10³ CFU/mL的C79-3菌液的两种方法均可用于建立稳定的鸡白痢沙门氏菌宿主感染模型。     

A dynamic, optimal disease control model for foot-and-mouth disease: I. Model description

A dynamic optimization model was developed and used to evaluate alternative foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control strategies. The model chose daily control strategies of depopulation and vaccination that minimized total regional cost for the entire epidemic duration, given disease dynamics and resource constraints. The disease dynamics and the impacts of control strategies on these dynamics were characterized in a set of difference equations; effects of movement restrictions on the disease dynamics were also considered. The model was applied to a three-county region in the Central Valley of California; the epidemic relationships were parameterized and validated using the information obtained from an FMD simulation model developed for the same region. The optimization model enables more efficient searches for desirable control strategies by considering all strategies simultaneously, providing the simulation model with optimization results to direct it in generating detailed predictions of potential FMD outbreaks.     

Challenges and opportunities of unmanned aerial vehicles as a new tool for crop pest control

The application of pesticides is not simply delivering chemicals to the target area. It also involves considering the negative aspects and developing strategies to deal with them during the application process, to ensure the maximization of pesticides use efficiency and the maintenance of the ecosystem. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sprayers demonstrate unique advantages compared to traditional ground sprayers, particularly in terms of maneuverability and labor intensity reduction, showed great potential for chemical application in pest control. It is undeniable that there exist challenges in the practice of UAV spraying, such as higher potential risks of pesticide drift or pathogen transmission, uncertainty canopy deposition for different crops, and unexpected leaf breakage induced by downwash flow. Maximizing the utilization of downwash flow while avoiding lateral air movement outside the intended target crop area is a major issue for chemical application with UAV sprayers, particularly in light of the increasingly apparent consensus on the need for enhanced environmental protection during the chemical application process. It must be considered that the operation strategy in different scenarios and for different crop targets is not the same, unique requirements should be given on nozzle atomization, flight parameters, adjuvants and aircraft types in specific working situations. In future, the implementation of spray drift prediction, technical procedures development, and other solutions aimed at reducing pesticide drift and improving deposition quality, is expected to promote the adoption of UAV sprayers by more farmers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.     

网络驱动的协同设计三维几何模型共享技术

为解决网络驱动的协同设计三维几何模型共享技术的实现问题,提出一种基于特征流的混合式3D几何模型共享机制,提出了基于多粒度的产品几何模型数据结构描述方法和面向模型局部操作的"游历-查询"特征的历史记录来重构模型的特征建模方法。建立了网络驱动的、基于CORBA/JAVA中间插件的3D几何模型特征信息同步传输和共享平台,CORBA/JAVA平台支持多用户、分布数据管理、消息传输、网络通讯以及可扩展性,通过该平台实现了三维模型的实时传输和共享。     

梳脱式联合收割机脱粒与输送装置模糊控制系统

建立了梳脱式联合收割机脱粒与输送装置的动力学模型，应用Fuzzytoo1box设计了模糊控制器。当作物属性变化等因素而引起该装置的工作负荷发生较大变化时，模糊控制器能够对机组前进速度傲出相应的调整，使被控量迅速恢复到设定值附近，且能保持稳定，有利于发挥机器的最大的工作潜能，提高机器的可靠性，降低机器故障率。     

Case- carburization Numerical Modeling and Craft Optimization on Steel Parts of Various Shapes

According to the diffusion equation of carburizing process and its boundary conditionand initial condition, various shapes steel parts are modeled under various case carburize craft parameters, concentration distribution curves have been obtained. Various craft parameters are compared, and carburizing temperature has more influence on carbon concentration distribution. Various shapes steel parts' carbon concentration distribution curves have some difference. According to the carbon concentration distribution curve, craft parameters can be adjusted in order to obtain the best carburizing craft.     

Control Strategy and Simulation Study on NiMH Battery Quick Charging for Regenerative Braking of HEV

Based on the result of NiMH battery performance experiments, changing trend of maximal temperature and difference in temperature of HEV NiMH battery in different SOC and different charging current is analyzed. Considering the working situation of HEV NiMH battery and the theory of battery quick charging, a control strategy for NiMH battery quick charging is described which adapts to HEV regenerative braking system based on Mascc law. By Modeling and simulating the process of NiMH battery quick charging with this strategy, constant voltage charge method and constant current charge method, validates this control strategy.     

Filtering Construct of Adaptive Filter Grou Pwith Multi-scale Decomposition

The principle and method of the adaptive filter and the filtering with wavelet transform were analyzed, and the model and method of adaptive filtering with wavelet transforms for the transient signal was established. The separated noise of signal by the multi-scale decomposition of wavelet transforms, was the input signal of adaptive filter, and accordingly the optimal filtering method of signal-noise decomposition was realized. By the adaptive filter grou Pbased on the wavelet transform, the optimal filtering to the multi-noise of signal is achieved at the same time, and the method presented in this paper has the excellent filtering capability. Examples of application demonstrate that this method presented is excellent to realize the optimal estimate to the valuable signal and noise of the transient signal in the same frequency segment.     

Enterprise Information Engineering Model and Its Integrated Support Environment

By analyzing the process of enterprise information engineering construction and intra relationship among information system requirement, business process modeling, application system constructing and project management, one of 4 meta model composed of requirement engineering, process engineering, application system engineering and support engineering is proposed for enterprise information engineering. The developments and applications of the business processes and its application systems are integrated into the same development space and application space. Basing on this, a prototype system composed of requirement modeling environment, business process modeling environment, application system modeling environment, and support engineering environment has been designed and built, which is used for supporting enterprise information engineering constructing. It is valued for the enterprise information engineering construction in our country.     

基于切比雪夫多项式的数控机床几何误差参数化建模

为了快速精确地建立机床几何误差项数学模型,提出了一种基于切比雪夫多项式的参数化建模方法。首先针对测量得到的机床基本几何项数据,将机床相应运动轴进给量转化为切比雪夫变量。其次将切比雪夫变量代入不同阶次的切比雪夫多项式得到相应的值。然后根据切比雪夫基函数值和切比雪夫变量用多元线性回归方法获得相应的系数,得到关于切比雪夫基函数的数学模型。最后将运动轴进给量与切比雪夫变量之间的转化关系代入得到基本几何误差项的数学模型。建模过程简单且易程序化,切比雪夫多项式的高逼近精度使得建立的模型精度高。将所有几何误差项参数化模型代入机床几何误差模型综合数学模型,从而可得到机床工作空间几何误差场分布。以MV-5A三轴立式加工中心为例,将各个几何误差项参数化模型代入机床几何误差模型中得到该机床综合几何误差数学模型,进而得到该机床工作空间几何误差场分布,为机床设计和误差补偿提供了理论依据。