蜜蜂工蜂纳氏信息素研究进展

蜜蜂是一种社会性昆虫,蜂群内有蜂王、工蜂和雄蜂。蜂群中个体间资源共享、精确分工和相互交流的高度结构化的群体生活,是通过蜂群中个体间广泛的信息联系实现的。蜂群内蜜蜂除依靠接触、声音、舞蹈动作进行通讯联络外,很多信息是通过信息素来传递的。     

Vomeronasal organ lesion disrupts social odor recognition,behaviors and fitness in golden hamsters

Most studies support the viewpoint that the vomeronasal organ has a profound effect on conspecific odor recognition, scent marking and mating behavior in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). However, the role of the vomeronasal organ in social odor recognition, social interaction and fitness is not well understood. Therefore, we conducted a series of behavioral and physiological tests to examine the referred points in golden hamster. We found that male hamsters with vomeronasal organ lesion showed no preference between a predator odor (the anal gland secretion of the Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica) and putative female pheromone components (myristic acid and palmitic acid), but were still able to discriminate between these 2 kinds of odors. In behavioral tests of anxiety, we found that vomeronasal organ removal causes female hamsters to spend much less time in center grids and to cross fewer center grids and males to make fewer crossings between light and dark boxes than sham‐operated controls. This indicates that a chronic vomeronasal organ lesion induced anxious responses in females. In aggressive behavioral tests, we found that a chronic vomeronasal organ lesion decreased agonistic behavior in female hamsters but not in males. The pup growth and litter size show no differences between the 2 groups. All together, our data suggested that vomeronasal organ ablation disrupted the olfactory recognition of social chemosignals in males, and induced anxiety‐like and aggressive behavior changes in females. However, a vomeronasal organ lesion did not affect the reproductive capacity and fitness of hamsters. Our studies may have important implications concerning the role of the vomeronasal organ in golden hamsters and also in rodents.     

5种引诱剂诱集实蝇类害虫比较试验

对性诱剂、昆虫物理诱黏剂、橘小实蝇专用食物引诱剂、橘大实蝇专用食物引诱剂、瓜实蝇专用食物引诱剂5种实蝇诱剂进行比较试验。结果表明,性诱剂诱集橘小实蝇的数量显著多于其余4种诱剂,物理诱黏剂、3种实蝇食诱剂均可同时诱集橘小实蝇、南瓜实蝇和瓜实蝇,诱虫量以瓜实蝇食诱剂和物理诱黏剂最好。性诱剂、诱黏剂和食诱剂各具特点、互有长短,生产应用中可配合使用。     

生态健康果园(香梨)中梨小食心虫发生动态监测研究简

通过对生态健康果园（香梨）中利用性信息素和糖醋液诱捕器对梨小食心虫的发生动态进行监测研究,为生态健康果园（香梨）及常规果园的有效监测和适时制定生物防治措施提供参考。研究表明：两种诱捕器对梨小食心虫全年发生消长规律监测的趋势基本一致,梨小食心虫1年发生4代,峰值明显,越冬代羽化高峰期为4月中、下旬。在生态健康果园（香梨）中由于大量、高浓度性信息素的存在,梨小食心虫成虫对糖醋液的趋性比性信息素的趋性敏感,利用糖醋液诱捕器能够很好地监测梨小食心虫的发生动态,且监测准确性明显高于性信息素诱捕器。     

昆虫性信息素的研究及应用

从昆虫性信息素的生物学特性、研究方法和性信息素的应用三个方面,综述昆虫性信息素的研究进展,为性信息素的研究提供理论依据和实际指导。     

金纹细蛾在苹果·梨·桃上的种群动态研究

[目的]明确金纹细蛾种群在山西省晋中地区苹果、梨、桃3种果园中的发生规律.[方法]采取性信息素监测的调查方法,分析其种群变化.[结果]3种果园金纹细蛾发生动态一致,第1代高峰始于5月底;6月种群呈世代交替,7月受降雨影响种群数量下降,一直到9月底10月初蛰伏越冬;在种群数量上苹果园＜梨园＜桃园,且差异显著,日诱捕量分别为149.4、137.2、90.4头／d.[结论]明确了金纹细蛾在3种果园中的发生规律,为对其进行测报提供了理论基础,为及时防控提供了科学依据.     

昆虫性信息素人工合成与微胶囊制剂化的研究进展

昆虫性信息素在害虫的综合治理中发挥着重要作用。性信息素人工合成主要方法包括Witting反应、炔化物路线和Grignard试剂偶联法等。微胶囊是药物缓释的一种重要剂型,在人工合成昆虫性信息素的缓释技术领域具有良好的应用前景。本文总结昆虫性信息素的人工合成方法,综述昆虫性信息素微胶囊的主要制备方法,归纳昆虫性信息素微胶囊的优点及限制因素,并对其研究与应用进行展望。     

Sexual discrimination with cuticular lipids in Schoettella ununguiculata (Tullberg, 1869) (Collembola: Hypogastruridae)

The outermost layer of the cuticle, the epicuticle, consists of a complex of lipids. This study compares these cuticular compounds in males versus females of the Collembola species Schoettella ununguiculata. After extraction, lipid eluted was made on a gas chromatograph with capillary column. Fifty-nine compounds were detected. Our analysis was based on the relative proportions of these compounds. Males and females appeared statistically as well-separated, non-overlapping groups. The phylogenetic usefulness and the possible role of these compounds in Collembola, which usually reproduce without direct male–female contact is discussed.