PCR法进行胚胎性别鉴定的研究进展

通过胚胎性别鉴定,可控制家畜后代性别比例,获得巨大经济效益。早期胚胎性别鉴定的方法有,核型分析法,H-Y抗原法,X-连接酶检测法和PCR扩增法等。PCR法因其简单、快速、准确等优点,成为目前比较理想的胚胎性别鉴定方法。笔者对性别决定基因、PCR法胚胎性别鉴定的几个关键环节进行了综述,并对其前景进行了展望。     

培养条件对银耳孢子产交配信息素的影响

研究了培养条件对银耳孢子产交配信息素的影响。结果表明银耳孢子产交配信息素的较佳培养基为 :蔗糖 2 0 g/L ,(NH4) 2 SO41.5 84 g/L(含N 2 4mmol/L) ,MgSO4·7H2 O 0 .2 5 g/L ,KH2 PO4·3H 2 O 0 .5 g/L ,VB10 .2mg/L ,ZnSO4·7H2 O 2mg/L ,CaCl2 ·2H2 O 0 .5 g/L ,钼酸铵 0 .0 2mg/L。最佳发酵条件为培养基 pH 6 .5 ,2 3℃ ,14 0r/min摇瓶培养 4d。     

石河子垦区果树食心虫迷向技术

【目的】研究迷向丝对果园食心虫的迷向效果。【方法】2018年在石河子垦区以桃单植园和苹果单植园为研究对象,利用梨小食心虫和苹果蠹蛾的混合迷向丝进行防治,并使用3种食心虫的性诱剂,诱捕调查石河子垦区果树食心虫的发生种类及其种群消长动态。【结果】桃园中果树食心虫的优势种群为梨小食心虫;苹果园优势种群为梨小食心虫和苹果蠹蛾,石河子垦区桃园和苹果园未悬挂迷向丝的对照区域虫口诱集数量均高于悬挂迷向丝的试验区域。【结论】石河子垦区桃园和苹果园利用悬挂迷向丝作为防治手段效果显著。     

"性别控制液"在奶牛繁殖上的应用

利用性别控制液对奶牛进行性别控制,试验组产母犊率56.25％,对照组48.15％,χ~2检验差异不显著(p>0.05),说明此性别控制液时提高奶牛后代母犊率没有显著影响。     

金纹细蛾与苹小卷叶蛾性诱剂果园应用效果调查

金纹细蛾与苹小卷叶蛾是两种重要的果树害虫。通过调查金纹细蛾与苹小卷叶蛾两种性诱剂在苹果园中的试验效果,明确了金纹细蛾诱芯放置的最佳间距为20 m,最佳高度为1 m;苹小卷叶蛾诱芯放置的最佳间距为7.5 m,最佳高度为1.25 m。     

华北大黑鳃金龟性信息素组分的分离与鉴定

对华北大黑鳃金龟性信息素活性腺体和非活性腺体的甲醇提取液分别进行了 GC分析 ,筛选出与活性有关的组分 A。经 GC- MS分析数据库检索鉴定 A为 1个环状二肽。人工合成这种环状二肽及与其有关的甘氨酸甲酯等 4种氨基酸酯 ,作为华北大黑鳃金龟性信息素的候选化合物。将候选化合物纯化后进行室内活性测定 ,结果表明 ,甘氨酸甲酯可激活华北大黑鳃金龟雄虫的性行为 ,是华北大黑鳃金龟性信息素的组分     

控制原蚕♀♂性别比例对制种量及卵质的影响

采用人工控制♀性别比例的方法,对家蚕限性斑纹品种原蚕进行了不同性别比例下的制种量研究.结果表明,提高原蚕中的♀蚕比例,可以大幅度提高斤茧制种量.当♀、比例为2.2∶1时,与常规比例1∶1相比,斤茧制种量提高37%以上,蛾不存在交配问题,而且对后代卵质的影响差异不显著.但随着二交雄蛾的增加,不产卵♀蛾的比例也会增加,与增加的产卵量相比,其负效应可以忽略不计.同时,提出了生产中通过饲养限性斑纹品种871及陕蚕三号795×122、适当增加限性品种收蚁量、淘汰部分白蚕()的人工调控原蚕♀、性别的方法及操作注意事项.     

The inheritance of two novel subgynoecious genes in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), which is a vegetable crop, has served as the model system for sex expression in flowering plants, and the inheritance of sex expression in cucumber is well documented. However, the genetics of subgynoecism expression in cucumber had rarely been described. In this study, we investigated the inheritance of subgynoecious traits in cucumber plants with the inbred cucumber lines of subgynoecious (C. sativus L. var sativus cv 97-17 and S-2-98) as the materials. Genetic analysis had showed the two subgynoecious inbred lines were controlled by one pair of recessive gene and one pair of incompletely dominant gene, which were designated presently as mod-F2 and Mod-F1, respectively. Furthermore, the mod-F2 and Mod-F1 loci, which enhance the intensity of femaleness, also inherited independently with F and M genes.     

Agricultural practices alter sex ratios in a reptile with environmental sex determination

Anthropogenic changes to the environment have the opportunity to impact natural systems, particularly in organisms that exhibit phenotypic plasticity. Species with environmental sex determination (ESD) are uniquely susceptible to changes in the stimuli that affect sexual development, potentially leading to maladaptive sex ratios. We studied the factors affecting sex determination and sex ratios in the common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina, in an area heavily impacted by agricultural practices. We investigated the effects of soybean, corn, and sunflower planting on incubation temperatures, sex ratios, and depredation in naturally laid nests. We also identified and analyzed a novel mitochondrial microsatellite in order to examine the presence of natal homing and determine the likelihood that nest sites impacted by agricultural practices could be transmitted across generations. Females frequently chose to nest in agricultural fields over sand prairie sites, and offspring sex ratios and depredation rates were significantly influenced by crop planting. Despite detecting considerable genetic variation in our population, we found no relationship between relatedness and nesting location, suggesting that females are not transmitting nesting sites across generations. Our results suggest that agricultural practices can directly impact populations of animals with ESD, and will need to be considered in management decisions.     

不同颜色诱捕器对梨小食心虫诱杀效果研究初报

利用5种不同颜色的悬挂式黏胶型诱捕器和梨小食心虫长效性诱剂诱芯在千亩桃园进行大面积防治梨小食心虫试验。结果表明:5种不同颜色的诱捕器对梨小食心虫的诱集效果之间差异不明显。蓝色诱捕器对防除梨小食心虫的其它昆虫的诱集量最大,明显多于另外4种颜色的诱捕器,但是另外4种颜色诱捕器诱集其它昆虫的数量之间差异不明显。