聚集化合物林间引诱测报松小蠹成虫发生期的研究

为了研究聚集化合物对松小蠹的林间引诱活性,探讨用聚集信息素进行林间诱集和种群监测的方法,在陆良县云南松纯林中进行了引诱试验.结果表明,除(-)APX*外,几种供试化合物对松小蠹均有一定的引诱效果,(-)APX加MBXT、(-)APX加MBXS复配方化合物的引诱效果明显高于其他化合物,漏斗状诱捕器诱虫量明显高于IMP诱捕器.对试验林分松小蠹种群动态的监测实践表明,用聚集化合物诱集成虫测报松小蠹成虫扬飞期,确定清理及防治的最佳时期,提高了清理、防治的针对性和准确性,具有较好的灵敏度和可靠性.     

sch蚕胚胎期温敏性的mRNA差异显示研究

采用mRNA差异显示技术对不同催青处理的伴性赤蚁sch系统进行研究 ,并以普通黑蚁系统夏芳作为对照。实验中分别抽提高温和常温催青处理 36h后的sch蚕卵和夏芳蚕卵的总RNA进行DDRT -PCR分析 ,其产物于变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上电泳展示 ,得到大量的差示片段。对高温催青处理后在夏sch蚕卵中特异表达的 2条能稳定重复的带进行了克隆 ,得到了长度分别为 2 73和 199bp的cDNA片段 ,并对其进行了序列分析。Northern杂交证实HAP82 80仅在高温催青处理的夏sch蚕卵中有转录 ,表明其为sch蚕卵经高温催青处理后特异表达的产物     

昆虫交配行为、繁殖适度和性信息素在国内的研究进展

昆虫行为学是一门颇受重视的热门学科,主要包括昆虫交配行为、繁殖适度及性信息素等方面的研究。文章概述了昆虫多次交配、延迟交配等有关昆虫交配行为中的问题,并从昆虫的多次交配、延迟交配、不同日龄、光照、温度等对昆虫交配行为和繁殖适度的影响做了综述;指出昆虫行为学的研究已在害虫预报和防治方面得到广泛应用,在有机农业中的应用有着巨大的潜力,对农业生产将会产生不可估量的作用。     

Major ascaroside pheromone component asc-C5 influences reproductive plasticity among isolates of the invasive species pinewood nematode

Pheromones are communication chemicals and regulatory signals used by animals and represent unique tools for organisms to mediate behaviors and make “decisions” to maximize their fitness. Phenotypic plasticity refers to the innate capacity of a species to tolerate a greater breadth of environmental conditions across which it adapts to improve its survival, reproduction, and fitness. The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, an invasive nematode species, was accidentally introduced from North America into Japan, China, and Europe; however, few studies have investigated its pheromones and phenotypic plasticity as a natural model. Here, we demonstrated a novel phenomenon, in which nematodes under the condition of pheromone presence triggered increased reproduction in invasive strains (JP1, JP2, CN1, CN2, EU1, and EU2), while it simultaneously decreased reproduction in native strains (US1 and US2). The bidirectional effect on fecundity, mediated by presence/absence of pheromones, is henceforth termed pheromone-regulative reproductive plasticity (PRRP). We further found that synthetic ascaroside asc-C5 (ascr#9), the major pheromone component, plays a leading role in PRRP and identified 2 candidate receptor genes, Bxydaf-38 and Bxysrd-10, involved in perceiving asc-C5. These results suggest that plasticity of reproductive responses to pheromones in pinewood nematode may increase its fitness in novel environments following introduction. This opens up a new perspective for invasion biology and presents a novel strategy of invasion, suggesting that pheromones, in addition to their traditional roles in chemical signaling, can influence the reproductive phenotype among native and invasive isolates. In addition, this novel mechanism could broadly explain, through comparative studies of native and invasive populations of animals, a potential underlying factor behind of the success of other biological invasions.     

我国作物病虫害生物防治研究与应用最新进展

本文总结了近5年来我国在作物病虫害生物防治研究和应用方面的最新进展, 包括作物害虫、病害(真菌、细菌和病毒病)和线虫的生物防治、植物免疫和昆虫性信息素的研究和应用, 以及新方法和新技术在作物病虫控制中的应用。同时, 与国外的研究进展进行了比较, 指出了存在的主要问题、发展趋势与对策建议。     

罹患口腔炎乌苏里蝮的相关生理学指标分析

口腔炎是人工养殖蛇类的常见病之一,为了深入了解和尽早做好预防工作,对罹患口腔炎的成年雄蛇乌苏里蝮(Gloydius ussuriensis)进行解剖观察,并检测了相关器官的系数、血液学指标和激素等。结果表明:整体肥满度、躯体肥满度、肾系数等数值罹患口腔炎蛇略高于健康蛇;而肝系数、精巢系数和脂肪体系数等罹患口腔炎的蛇低于健康雄蛇,且前两者呈显著性差异,后者呈极显著性差异。性激素检测结果显示罹患口腔炎的蛇血液睾酮和雌二醇含量均低于健康蛇,且均具极显著性差异。血细胞指标中,红细胞数量、红细胞分布均差、白细胞总数、淋巴细胞数量和淋巴细胞比率等均为罹患口腔炎的蛇高于健康雄蛇,且具显著性差异,但嗜中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞的比值(NLR)、中性粒细胞数量和比率、中间细胞数量及其比率均为患口腔炎的雄蛇低于健康蛇,且具显著性差异。结论:口腔炎不仅影响了主要代谢器官的器官系数的变化,而且血液多项指标和性激素水平也有明显差异。性激素含量的变化将对乌苏里蝮的正常生殖繁育产生不可忽视的影响。另外,NLR和红细胞分布宽度2个血常规指标可作为早期诊断炎症发生的首选参数。     

模毒蛾性信息素应用技术研究

模毒蛾Lymantria monacha是内蒙古大兴安岭林区重大森林害虫。通过对模毒蛾性信息素诱捕器应用技术的研究显示:不同类型的诱捕器诱虫效果不同,圆筒型和船型诱捕器的诱捕效果较好,方形的较差;诱捕器设置高度对诱虫效果的影响不同,设置在树冠下层和中层的诱捕器诱捕效果较好,上层的较差;不同设置距离的诱捕器的诱虫效果不同,随着设置距离的增加,诱捕器的诱捕量逐渐下降,设置于距林缘50 m的诱捕器诱虫效果最好,性信息素诱捕器的最远引诱距离可能为280 m。研究结果为利用性信息素对模毒蛾进行种群监测和防治提供了依据。     

Teratoma Associated With Testicular Tissue in a Female-Like Horse With 64,XY (SRY-Positive) Disorder of Sex Development

A four-year-old female-like Quarter Horse was admitted for clinical evaluation because of masculinized-aggressive behavior and lack of estrous signs. On external inspection, a hypertrophied clitoris and prominent muscles were observed. On gynecological examination, apparently normal mammary glands, vulva, vagina, and cervix were noted. On the other hand, the uterus had no tone and was smaller than normal. The left gonad was very soft on palpation and the right gonad was mostly firm, irregular, and wider than the left gonad. On ultrasound examination, there were no signs of regular ovarian structure or follicular activity. Because of the different shapes and consistencies of the gonads and a suspicion of increased testosterone production, a bilateral gonadectomy was recommended. Blood was collected for testosterone levels quantification and for cytogenetic and molecular investigations. After removal, gonads were analyzed macroscopically and sections were sent for histopathological examination. A final diagnosis of benign adult teratoma associated with seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells was made. On cytogenetic and molecular analyses, a normal diploid number of 64 chromosomes and the presence of the XY sex chromosomes were seen in all cells, as well as the SRY gene. Testosterone levels were higher than normal before surgery and were reduced after gonads removal. In conclusion, the masculinized behavior was probably caused by increased testosterone levels produced by testicular tissue, in a female-like horse with 64,XY SRY-positive disorder of sex development, which was associated with a teratoma.