机械设备更新决策专家系统的设计

着重论述了机械设备更新决策专家系统的设计过程,包括知识库的设计、推理机的推理方向和方法、知识获取方法的介绍、综合数据库的规划、人机接口等内容。     

基于模糊理想点法的多区域多目标

水利工程项目建设次序对水资源方案实施的效果影响较大。因此研究中选用防洪、供水、农村水利水电发展、生态环境保护、工程投资作为水资源方案实施效果的评价目标。考虑到不同区域水利建设的重点不同，本文利用模糊决策分析理论确定出各评价目标在不同区域的权重，基于模糊理想点法建立评价模型，并以湖南省水利工程建设排序为实例进行分析，得出理想的工程排序结果。     

畦灌灌水要素决策服务系统

根据精细灌溉的要求,采用零惯量模型和土壤入渗理论,开发建立了可进行畦灌水流运动模拟、灌水质量评价、灌水技术参数优化、利用灌溉试验资料率定糙率和入渗参数等功能的畦灌决策计算机服务系统,该系统可为灌区技术人员确定畦灌技术参数、指导灌水实践提供决策服务,也可作为科研人员研究节水灌溉的一种技术工具。     

基于粗糙集的属性约简算法在农业机械中的应用

传统的利用区分矩阵进行属性约简算法,其时间复杂度和空间复杂度很大.近年来提出了各种启发式算法,其时间复杂度由原来指数级递增降到了平方级递增,但此算法并不能保证找到最优解.为此,提出了属性约简的改进算法,其在时间复杂度和空间复杂度上都降低很多,易于求出最优解.把此算法用于对一款农业机械的评估判断和规则提取,用VC++和SQL Server 2000进行实现,并通过专家数据验证其正确性.     

渭-库绿洲土壤剖面盐分分布特征及驱动因子分析

[目的]监测渭-库绿洲土壤盐渍化的空间分布特征,探究驱动因子作用机理,对当地因地制宜进行土壤盐渍化调控。[方法]采用决策树、克里金插值和灰色关联度分析研究了渭-库绿洲土壤盐渍化的剖面分布特征,着重分析了样本点海拔、植被覆盖度、地下水位、TW( I 地形湿度指数)、地下水矿化度5个驱动因子对土壤盐渍化的影响。[结果]①研究区表层土壤(0~10 cm)属于重度盐渍化土壤,10~20、20~40、40~60 cm各深度剖面土壤属于中度盐渍化土壤。土壤EC1:5有强的空间变异性,其分布格局受灌溉等人为驱动因素的影响较大。②绿洲内部(即耕作区)表层土壤属于非盐渍化区域,绿洲东部10~20、20~40、40~60cm土层有轻、中度的盐渍化现象。绿洲内部表层以下土壤盐分高于表层,绿洲存在潜在的盐渍化风险。耕作区外围绿洲-荒漠交错带区域各剖面层均属于盐渍化区域,随着剖面深度的增加,盐渍化程度在不断减弱。③样本点海拔、植被覆盖度、地下水位、TWI、地下水矿化度与土壤EC1:5的灰色关联度大小次序为:0~10 cm土层:地下水矿化度>TWI>样本点的海拔>植被覆盖度>地下水位;10~20、20~40 cm土层:地下水矿化度>样本点的海拔>TWI>植被覆盖度>地下水位。[结论]渭-库绿洲土壤盐渍化主要分布在绿洲-荒漠交错带区域,土壤盐分表聚强烈,地下水矿化度是造成该研究区土壤盐渍化问题的首要原因。     

天空地数字农业管理系统框架设计与构建建议

数据正在成为基础性战略资源。构建以天空地大数据为关键要素的数字农业管理系统,对于建设数字中国、推进农业高质量发展、抢占全球农业制高点具有重要意义。本研究围绕农业农村部提出的天空地数字农业管理系统建设任务,从农业信息技术学科出发,首先给出了天空地数字农业的科学内涵,阐述了其与传统数字农业的异同点,理清了天空地数字农业管理系统在资源调查、生产调度、灾害监测、市场预警、决策服务的五大核心功能;其次,重点阐述了天空地数字农业管理系统的关键任务,即一个观测体系（天空地一体化的数字农业观测体系）、四个数字化（农业资源权属、生产过程、灾害监测和市场预警）、一个管理平台（农业生产、加工、经营、管理、服务等全产业链的天空地数字农业管理平台）;然后,明确提出了天空地数字农业管理系统在标准规范研制、关键技术与装备研发、系统集成与平台开发三方面的科技创新重点任务;最后,针对天空地数字农业管理系统建设的复杂性和系统性,从规划设计、科技创新、资源共享、多方参与、应用领域拓展等方面提出了发展建议。     

基于HACCP系统的城市污水资源化利用研究

危害分析关键控制点(HACCP)是一个识别危害并建立控制系统的工具和预防危害的系统方法,在介绍HACCP体系的基本原理和在国内外污水资源化领域应用的基础上,提出污水资源化过程中的关键控制点、监控系统、关键限值和纠偏行动等,以加强污水资源化过程的质量控制和风险管理,确保人体健康和生态安全。     

多目标系统模糊决策法在导流标准

施工导流工程是施工组织设计中关键环节，而施工导流标准的选择是施工导流工程的核心，选择合适的施工导流标准可使水电工程施工达到安全可靠和经济可行相统一的目的。利用多目标系统模糊决策法进行导流标准的比选，综合考虑工程的导流投资、经济损失、施工强度等决策指标，建立导流标准的多目标系统模糊决策模型，计算各指标的相对隶属度，根据隶属度最大为最优的原则，选择最优的导流标准方案。实例分析说明，导流标准的多目标系统模糊决策分析模型是可靠的、合适的。     

Deficit irrigation based on drought tolerance and root signalling in potatoes and tomatoes

Agriculture is a big consumer of fresh water in competition with other sectors of the society. Within the EU-project SAFIR new water-saving irrigation strategies were developed based on pot, semi-field and field experiments with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), fresh tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and processing tomatoes as model plants. From the pot and semi-field experiments an ABA production model was developed for potatoes to optimize the ABA signalling; this was obtained by modelling the optimal level of soil drying for ABA production before re-irrigation in a crop growth model. The field irrigation guidelines were developed under temperate (Denmark), Mediterranean (Greece, Italy) and continental (Serbia, China) climatic conditions during summer. The field investigations on processing tomatoes were undertaken only in the Po valley (North Italy) on fine, textured soil. The investigations from several studies showed that gradual soil drying imposed by deficit irrigation (DI) or partial root zone drying irrigation (PRD) induced hydraulic and chemical signals from the root system resulting in partial stomatal closure, an increase in photosynthetic water use efficiency, and a slight reduction in top vegetative growth. Further PRD increased N-mineralization significantly beyond that from DI, causing a stay-green effect late in the growing season. In field potato and tomato experiments the water-saving irrigation strategies DI and PRD were able to save about 20-30% of the water used in fully irrigated plants. PRD increased marketable yield in potatoes significantly by 15% due to improved tuber size distribution. PRD increased antioxidant content significantly by approximately 10% in both potatoes and fresh tomatoes. Under a high temperature regime, full irrigation (FI) should be undertaken, as was clear from field observations in tomatoes. For tomatoes full irrigation should be undertaken for cooling effects when the night/day average temperature >26.5 °C or when air temperature >40 °C to avoid flower-dropping. The temperature threshold for potatoes is not clear. From three-year field drip irrigation experiments we found that under the establishment phase, both potatoes and tomatoes should be fully irrigated; however, during the later phases deficit irrigation might be applied as outlined below without causing significant yield reduction:

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Potatoes

°

After the end of tuber initiation, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

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Fresh tomatoes

°

From the moment the 1st truce is developed, DI is applied at 85-80% of FI for two weeks. In the middle period, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

•

Processing tomatoes

°

From transplanting to fruit setting at 4th-5th cluster, the PRD and DI threshold for re-irrigation is when the plant-available soil water content (ASWC) equals 0.7 (soil water potential, Ψ_soil = −90 kPa). During the late fruit development/ripening stage, 10% of red fruits, the threshold for re-irrigation for DI is when ASWC = 0.5 (Ψ_soil = −185 kPa) and for PRD when ASWC (dry side) = 0.4 (Ψ_{soil, dry side} = −270 kPa).

The findings during the SAFIR project might be used as a framework for implementing water-saving deficit irrigation under different local soil and climatic conditions.     

An Expert System for the Diagnose of peripheral Nerovus Conduction

To promote automation of diagnoses for the pherpheral nervous conduction,byartificial in telligence technique,an expert system of diagnose is formed. This expert system is madefrom the experiences of the soecialists in the field,which constitute the rcasoning rules and k nowl-edge-based of the system,and the database managemnt system.The tests show that the efficiencyand correctness are obviously improved.