一种缓释型双条杉天牛引诱剂缓释效果的研究

本试验旨在了解缓释型双条杉天牛引诱剂主要挥发性物质在使用过程中的变化,为缓释型双条杉天牛引诱剂在防治森林害虫的应用提供依据.采用SPME-GC-MS测定了自主研制的缓释型和普通型双条杉天牛引诱剂在林间使用0d、10d和30d后的主要挥发性物质的种类和含量,检测结果表明,两种双条杉天牛引诱剂共检测出主要挥发性物质31种,其中对双条杉天牛的引诱具有重要作用的烯类化合物21种.在林间使用0d、10 d和30 d后,缓释型双条杉天牛引诱剂挥发的烯类化合物相对含量分别为88.87％、84.79％和82.53％,0～10d和10～30 d的相对含量下降率分别为4.6％和2.7％,而普通型双条杉天牛引诱剂在林间使用0d、10d和30 d后,挥发的烯类化合物相对含量分别为79.03％、50.74％和49.35％,0～10d和10～30d相对含量下降率分别为35.8％和2.7％.普通型双条杉天牛引诱剂挥发的烯类化合物相对含量在林间使用10～30 d期间明显减少,而缓释型双条杉天牛引诱剂仍保持80％以上的较高相对含量,在实际使用中能够实现长效缓释的目的.     

双条杉天牛研究概述

从分类地位，分布，寄主，生物学，生态学，综合治理等方面综述了双条杉天牛Semanotus bifas-ciatus(Motschulsky)的研究现状与进展。     

Factors enabling Epinotia granitalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) overwintered larvae to escape from oleoresin mortality in Cryptomeria japonica trees in comparison with Semanotus japonicus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

The factors involved in the successful escape of overwintered larvae of Epinotia granitalis from host oleoresin in the phloem of Cryptomeria japonica were studied. The mortality, period, and body weight of E. granitalis overwintered larvae while feeding on the phloem of C. japonica were compared with the same parameters for Semanotus japonicus larvae. The seasonal fluctuation in the ability of C. japonica to form traumatic resin canals in the phloem was also assessed. The oleoresin mortality of E. granitalis was low compared with that of S. japonicus. Although both species started feeding on approximately the same date in spring, the feeding period of E. granitalis was only about 24 days, showing that E. granitalis faced the danger of host oleoresin for a shorter period than S. japonicus. The larval weight of E. granitalis was consistently greater than that of S. japonicus through the phloem-feeding period of E. granitalis, and the growth rate was also higher in E. granitalis, suggesting that E. granitalis had a better ability to avoid host oleoresin. These results demonstrated that not only the feeding habits, that is, the tendency of a single larva to feed at several sites, but also the shorter feeding period and larger body size were probably the important factors facilitating escape of E. granitalis from host oleoresin mortality. Furthermore, the ability of C. japonica to form traumatic resin canals increased after the starting date of larval feeding in spring. Because E. granitalis finished feeding before the culmination of the ability of C. japonica to form traumatic resin canals, it was likely that the shorter feeding period was the most important factor in enabling E. granitalis to escape from mortality by host oleoresin.     

利用蒲螨和管氏肿腿蜂防治双条杉天牛幼虫

Pyemotes sp. and Scleroderma guani were used to control the larvae of Semanotus bifasciatus. The results as follows: (1) the suitable control time of Pyemotes sp.was from early April to early May. The reason was that in this time, the larvae of S. bifasciatus were young and not bored into xylem that was so easy to be parasitized by Pyemotes sp. With the parasitic rate 80% in average. Indoor experiment showed that the Pyemotes sp. had the same tropism selection to every instar for the host, but the parasitic rate was higher in low instar than other instars.(2)Using Scleroderma guani to control S. bjfasciatus, the suitable time was from mid May to mid June, the optimal ratio of host and parasite was 1∶ 1. Indoor experiment showed that Scleroderma guani had strong tropism toward middle-aged and elder larvae, the parasite linger around them and choose suitable position on hosts where they could lay eggs successfully. This behavior showed that Scleroderma guani had strict selectivity for their hosts. In experiment, the authors found a phenomenon that in one trap wood, both the Pyemotes sp. and Scleroderma guani could be found at the same time, they themselves did not affect each other and otherwise they could increase the parasitic rate for host. So, the authors suggested that in practice to control pests especially for boring pests, the Scleroderma guani and Pyemotes sp could be used at the same time.     

济南近郊山林双条杉天牛防治方法

双条杉天牛是柏科树木上最严重的钻蛀性害虫之一，属于危险性有害生物，在我国多地区造成了严重危害，针对双条杉天牛的危险性，济南市林场提出了全面普查监测、实施分区防治和加强疫区治理的管理措施，防治效果较好。     

触破式微胶囊剂防治双条杉天牛成虫初探

8%触破式微胶囊剂400倍与2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油2000倍液对成虫具有相同的杀伤力。测定触破式微胶囊剂400倍液的药效期,施药10d后,死亡率为92.57%,随着时间的不断延长,死亡率逐渐降低,但在30d后,仍可达到77.67%。而施用2.5%溴氰菊酯2000倍液10d后的死亡率为72.7%,20d后药效明显下降;证明触破式微胶囊剂400倍液的药效持续时间长,达30d以上,超过2.5%溴氰菊酯2000倍。使用不同喷药器械对触破式微胶囊剂药效的影响差异不显著(p>0.05)。     

斑头陡盾茧蜂的引种利用初探

本文报道斑头陡盾茧蜂(Ontsira palliatus)的引种繁殖及田间防治皱鞘双条杉天牛(Semanotus bifasciatus sinoauster)的效果。林间放蜂当代寄生率达46.60％～61.11％,当代扩散半径达200m左右。     

铅笔柏幼林新发现的几种病虫鼠害

调查发现了几种为害铅笔柏的新的病虫鼠害,其中：病害有煤污病,害虫有柏肤小蠹、双条杉天牛、柏大蚜、小蓑蛾,鼠类有中华鼢鼠;柏肤小蠢、双条杉天牛对铅笔柏移植大苗为害比较严重。     

双条杉天牛幼虫人工饲料的筛选

双条杉天牛Semanotus bifasciatus(Motschulsky)是柏科树木最严重的钻蛀性害虫之一。开发双条杉天牛的人工饲料是开展该害虫防治技术研究及生物学相关基础研究的重要条件。本研究在参考了其他天牛人工饲料配方的基础上,采用正交试验设计方法设计饲料配方,通过对不同配方饲料对双条杉天牛幼虫的饲养效果进行比较和极差分析,最终筛选出双条杉天牛幼虫的人工饲料最优组合为:琼脂4.7%、蔗糖3.5%、对-羟基苯甲酸甲酯0.5%、酵母粉3.1%、柏树木粉30%、抗坏血酸0.5%以及水。使用该人工饲料可将双条杉天牛幼虫成功喂养至羽化,并且蛹羽化率高达81.25%,总成活率为54.16%。本研究的结果可为天牛科其他天牛人工饲料的开发提供借鉴。     

双条杉天牛预测预报的研究

通过对双条杉天牛Semanotus bifasciatus Motschulsky发生期预测预报研究,掌握了该虫成虫出孔期、产卵期、羽化期以及卵孵化期、化蛹期等,为准确预报与防治该虫提供了科学依据.