PEG对10℃低温吸胀下实葶葱种子萌发的影响

基于种子萌发试验,测定了10℃低温对实葶葱种子发芽的影响及浓度为0%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%的PEG处理对实葶葱种子低温吸胀1、2、3、5、7 d的缓解作用.结果表明:10℃低温吸胀持续时间超过临界时间(1 d)时就会抑制实葶葱种子的萌发.10℃低温吸胀通过PEG的渗透调节,可显著改善实葶葱种子的萌发,其中以处理浓度15%时效果最好,并随着低温吸胀时间的延长PEG的作用越明显.各浓度PEG处理10℃低温吸胀的实葶葱种子1d时种子萌发效果最佳.     

Effect of electrical stunning at slaughter on the quality of farmed turbot (Psetta maxima)

Food quality aspects of farmed turbot (Psetta maxima) were compared following two methods of slaughter: the current commercial method, by immersion in an ice slurry, which is then dewatered after approximately 20 min, or by first humanely, electrically stunning the fish using a prototype commercial stunner, before immersion in an ice slurry, which is dewatered after 20 min. Quality was assessed for up to 10 days of storage on ice following slaughter. No differences were found between the slaughter methods in terms of an overall carcass quality: overall appearance, haemorrhage, damage, burst gall bladder, staining of the body cavity by leakage from the gut or damage to the spine. No detectable difference was found between the treatments using the industry standard freshness scoring system, the Quality Index Method. Both groups of fish were classified as ‘Fresh’ after 10 days of storage on ice. Using objective measurements of colour, no differences between fish from either treatment were found in fillet colour. Changes in flesh pH were similar in electrically stunned and traditionally killed fish with a mean pH (±SE) at 2 h post‐mortem of 6.80±0.027 declining to 6.44±0.032 at 24 h post‐mortem. Humane electrical stunning of turbot at slaughter neither detectably improved nor decreased product quality as measured between 1 and 10 days of storage on ice.     

Seed yield and water use efficiency of canola (Brassica napus L.) as affected by high temperature stress and supplemental irrigation

The effects of high temperature stress and supplemental irrigation on seed yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of canola (Brassica napus L.) were studied in a field experiment conducted for 2 years. The experiment was a randomized complete block design arranged in split plot, conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Gonbad, Iran. It was arranged in two conditions, i.e. supplemental irrigation and rainfed. Two cultivars of canola (Hyola401 and RGS003) as subplots were grown at five sowing dates as main plots. The sowing dates were 9 November, 6 December, 5 January, 4 February and 6 March in 2005-2006 and 6 November, 6 December, 5 January, 4 February and 6 March in 2006-2007, to have a wide range of environmental conditions around flowering and seed filling periods, and to coincide reproductive stages of the crop with high temperature stress. Seed yield was improved due to field management practices, such as supplemental irrigation and optimum sowing date. Supplemental irrigation was an efficient practice to mitigate water stress, and to increase aboveground dry matter and seed yield. There was a strongly negative relationship between seed yield and air temperature during reproductive stages. Delay in sowing led to more rapid developmental of canola, decreased aboveground dry matter, leaf area index (LAI), harvest index (HI), WUE, and seed yield. Achieving a high aboveground dry matter was an essential prerequisite for high reproductive growth and a high seed yield. Greater seed yield and WUE at first sowing date were associated with greater LAI and aboveground dry matter, and lower temperatures during reproductive stages. The results support the view that WUE can be used as an indirect selection criterion for seed yield in genotypic selection.     

Simulation of transpiration, drainage, N uptake, nitrate leaching, and N uptake concentration in tomato grown in open substrate

Free-drainage or “open” substrate system used for vegetable production in greenhouses is associated with appreciable NO₃⁻ leaching losses and drainage volumes. Simulation models of crop N uptake, N leaching, water use and drainage of crops in these systems will be useful for crop and water resource management, and environmental assessment. This work (i) modified the TOMGRO model to simulate N uptake for tomato grown in greenhouses in SE Spain, (ii) modified the PrHo model to simulate transpiration of tomato grown in substrate and (iii) developed an aggregated model combining TOMGRO and PrHo to calculate N uptake concentrations and drainage NO₃⁻ concentration. The component models simulate NO₃⁻-N leached by subtracting simulated N uptake from measured applied N, and drainage by subtracting simulated transpiration from measured irrigation. Three tomato crops grown sequentially in free-draining rock wool in a plastic greenhouse were used for calibration and validation. Measured daily transpiration was determined by the water balance method from daily measurements of irrigation and drainage. Measured N uptake was determined by N balance, using data of volumes and of concentrations of NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ in applied nutrient solution and drainage. Accuracy of the two modified component models and aggregated model was assessed by comparing simulated to measured values using linear regression analysis, comparison of slope and intercept values of regression equations, and root mean squared error (RMSE) values. For the three crops, the modified TOMGRO provided accurate simulations of cumulative crop N uptake, (RMSE = 6.4, 1.9 and 2.6% of total N uptake) and NO₃⁻-N leached (RMSE = 11.0, 10.3, and 6.1% of total NO₃⁻-N leached). The modified PrHo provided accurate simulation of cumulative transpiration (RMSE = 4.3, 1.7 and 2.4% of total transpiration) and cumulative drainage (RMSE = 13.8, 6.9, 7.4% of total drainage). For the four cumulative parameters, slopes and intercepts of the linear regressions were mostly not statistically significant (P < 0.05) from one and zero, respectively, and coefficient of determination (r²) values were 0.96-0.98. Simulated values of total drainage volumes for the three crops were +21, +1 and −13% of measured total drainage volumes. The aggregated TOMGRO-PrHo model generally provided accurate simulation of crop N uptake concentration after 30-40 days of transplanting, with an average RMSE of approximately 2 mmol L⁻¹. Simulated values of average NO₃⁻ concentration in drainage, obtained with the aggregated model, were −7, +18 and +31% of measured values.     

棉种介电分选的试验研究

介电分选是一种新型的种子分选方法,具有结构简单、适应性强、分选效果好和可按种子活力进行分级的特点.电导率是反映种子活力的一个重要指标,分选电压是影响介电分选效果的一个重要因素,为了探讨电导率与分选电压之间的关系,介绍了棉种介电分选的原理,并在不同的分选电压条件下对棉种电导率进行了测定,同一条件下重复测定5次,所得数据用DPS统计软件进行分析处理.结果表明,分选电压对棉种电导率有影响,且回归效果显著.     

电工电子实验课程教学的思考

<电工电子技术>是机电技术应用和数控等专业必开的专业基础课,实践性较强.针对课程的现状进行分析,试从教学理念、教学内容、教学手段、考核办法等方面提出了改革思想,提出今后的实验教学改革方向,以不断提高学生的实验技能.     

基于SVM的CFRW导电性建模预测研究

针对碳纤维增强木质复合材料（CFRW）导电性具有非线性的特点,采用基于支持向量回归机（SVM）的机器学习方法建立碳纤维增强木质复合材料导电性预测模型。结果表明,所建模型的预测精度高、泛化能力强.     

斯卑尔脱细胞质对小麦种子长度、重量及杂种优势的遗传效应

为了筛选优良的新型小麦雄性不育系，对斯卑尔脱、云南铁壳麦、提莫非维小麦、拟斯卑尔脱山羊草等四种异源细胞质在同核异质条件下对不育系及其杂种一代的种子长度、重量及杂种优势的遗传效应作了比较研究。结果表明，斯卑尔脱细胞质对小麦种子大小、重量具有明显正效应，且筛选出了两个由其所配制的具明显杂种优势的杂交组合。这说明，斯卑尔脱细胞质不育系在栽培小麦中易于找到恢复源且恢复度高，其对种子大小和重量的稳定的正效应可能是产生较强杂种优势组合的重要原因之一。     

夏大豆籽粒成熟期根叶衰老特性的研究

以在冀中南地区夏播表现相对高产和低产的6个大豆品种为材料,通过测定鼓粒始期至成熟期根系和叶片的生理性状,探讨了大豆籽粒成熟期根、叶衰老之间的关系。结果表明:根、叶生理参数之间高度相关,不同产量类型大豆品种根系可溶蛋白含量、可溶糖含量、SOD活性衰退幅度均小于叶片,表明在生育后期叶片衰老先于根系;不同产量类型间比较,相对高产品种较相对低产品种根、叶各生理指标衰退速率慢,相对高产品种根系较叶片衰老的进程显著落后于相对低产品种。应在栽培上重视养根护叶及育种中加强根系生理性状的选择,延缓衰老进程进而获得高产。     

不同水稻种衣剂效果对比试验研究

通过对市场上常见的几种种衣剂进行对比试验,结果表明,使用种衣剂包衣对种子发芽、长势、病害防治均有很好的效果,优于常规处理,其中稻吉吉种衣剂处理的发芽势和发芽率均优于对照和常规处理,发芽势和发芽率分别可达到98%和96.5%;秧苗素质方面稻吉吉种衣剂处理各项指标均表现最高,其中干物质积累和茎基宽量分别高31.58%和16.3%。