Changes in fatty acids composition during seed growth and physicochemical characteristics of oil extracted from four safflower cultivars

Fatty acid contents at different stages ofmaturity and physicochemical characteristics of oilextracted from mature seeds of four safflowercultivars (S208, S400, S541, and S303) were studied. Results indicated that for all cultivars bothsaturated and unsaturated fatty acid contentsfluctuated with seed growth and development. Palmiticacid content decreased up to day 20 after which itstarted to increase for the S400, S541, and S303cultivars, while for S208 it progressively decreased.Stearic acid fluctuated with seed growth anddevelopment. Oleic acid showed slight changes withseed growth and development, while linoleic aciddecreased with seed growth and development for theS400, S541, and S303 cultivars while for S208 afterday 30, it started to increase significantly. For allcultivars, glyceride contents varied among thecultivars with maximum values of 97.70, 2.80 and0.20 for tri-, di- and monoglycerides, respectively. Physicochemical investigation of mature seed oilsshowed that the color, density, refractive index, free fatty acids, peroxide value, saponificationvalue and unsaponifiable matter were similar for allcultivars while viscosity, iodine value, and acetoneinsoluble matter varied among the cultivars.     

不同品系小麦和小黑麦种子中金属元素含量的比较研究

应用中子活化分析技术，分析了２５个品系小麦和小黑麦种子中的金属元素的含量。检测出１９种元素，其中必需的营养元素９种，重点比较了微量营养元素的含量。结果表明，不同品种上种子中元素一有较大的差异，表明在营养元素的吸收利用上存在着不同的基因型，本实验为有效利用土壤营养元素物小麦育种提供了选择基因型和进行筛选的依据。     

Italian ryegrass establishment by self-seeding in integrated crop-livestock systems: Effects of grazing management and crop rotation strategies

We evaluated the re-establishment of an Italian ryegrass pasture by self-seeding on a no-till integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) in the southern region of Brazil. This work is part of a long-term experimental protocol initiated in 2003. We tested the effects of various management practices, such as summer crop systems (soybean vs. maize–soybean rotation), stocking methods (continuous vs. rotational) and grazing intensities (low vs. moderate), on Italian ryegrass pasture establishment. In addition, we tested resilience of the system by testing pasture's ability to re-establish following a year without seed head production. The experiment consisted in the rotation, on the same area, of Italian ryegrass pasture grazed by sheep during the winter and up to the end of the grass production cycle, and soybean or soybean-maize grain crops rotation cultivated during the summer. The pasture established itself by self-seeding since 2005. Data were collected in 2011 and 2012 stocking season. The soybean summer crop, continuous stocking and low grazing intensity, all positively affected the production of reproductive tillers in 2011. Grazing intensity in 2011 strongly influenced early vegetative tiller densities (before crop harvest) in 2012. However, none of the grazing intensity or the stocking method treatments affected herbage mass at the end of pasture establishment in 2011 or 2012. On the other hand, the soybean summer crop positively affected pasture establishment, both in term of tiller densities and herbage mass at the end of pasture establishment. The removal of all seed heads in 2011 (preventing seed production) resulted in the total failure of pasture establishment in 2012. Overall, Italian ryegrass establishment by self-seeding relies on the annual replacement of the soil seed bank. This experiment demonstrated that under various stocking methods, moderate grazing intensity and maize or soybean summer crop, Italian ryegrass pasture establishment by self-seeding remains successful even when the stocking periods extended up to the end of the grass production cycle. Self-seeding with moderate grazing intensity ensures successful pasture establishment, reduces labour and costs and allows to increase the stocking period and so animal live weight gain over the grazing season.     

不同化学试剂对丽江山慈菇种子发芽力影响

采用培养皿发芽法研究了2％NaOH、0．1％KMnO4、1％CuSO4、NAA、6-BA及GA对丽江山慈菇新陈种子的发芽力影响。结果表明：不同化学试剂处理的丽江山慈菇种子发芽率及发芽势均有不同程度的提高，其中对新种子的影响最显著。     

Yield, yield components and plant architecture in the F3 generation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) derived from a cross between the determinate cultivar ‘Prelude’ and an indeterminate landrace

Growth trials were conducted outdoors in the UK to determine the yield, yield components and plant architectural differences between determinate and indeterminate Phaseolus vulgaris bean plants. F3 lines derived from crosses between ‘Prelude’, a determinate cultivar and ‘V8’, an indeterminate landrace, were grown together with the parents and ‘Carioca’, an indeterminate landrace from Brazil. Data were recorded on flowering date, number of nodes on main stem at flowering, plant height at maturity, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, number of seeds/plant, 100-seed weight, seed mass/plant, percentages of diseased and healthy seeds/plant. Determinate F3 lines had significantly lower (P < 0.05) seed mass/plant, fewer pods/plant, fewer seeds/pod, fewer seeds/plant, lower harvest index, shorter stems, earlier date of flowering, fewer nodes at flowering and fewer healthy seeds/plant than indeterminate F3 lines. However, determinate genotypes had significantly larger (P < 0.05) pods to accommodate their larger seeds compared with indeterminate lines. A similar situation was found when the yield and yield components of ‘V8’, ‘Prelude’ and ‘Carioca’ were evaluated; the highest seed mass/plant was given by ‘V8’ and the lowest by ‘Prelude’. Furthermore, some indeterminate genotypes with Type IV growth habit yielded significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the high-yielding parent, ‘V8’, indicating a positive influence on seed yield by crossing different genotypes.     

软X射线检验杉木等种子发芽率的研究

用HY—35型软X射线仪对杉木、马尾松、柳杉种子进行摄影,确定各树种种子X光片的判读等级,对照各树种等级标准,判读出各级的粒数百分率,从而估算出杉木、马尾松和柳杉等种子发芽率。     

桂花种子发育与发芽研究综述

文章指出结实桂花雌蕊的4胚珠中只1个能双受精并发育成种子;形态成熟的桂花种子还需后熟发育才能发芽,赤霉素和层积有利于桂花种子后熟;桂花种子的发芽抑制物、包埋胚的胚乳、低于脱水耐性的临界含水量是桂花种子发芽的障碍;层积催芽使桂花种子发生一系列生理生化变化,朝萌发的方向发展。最后提出桂花种子诱变育种研究和桂花种子生产研究将是桂花种子研究重要的工作。     

桂花母树结实观察研究——以湖北咸宁地区为例

成宁地区桂花母树约占2％,一般花期9月,开花较整齐,果实秋、冬、春季生长,种子形态成熟于4月,具有明显的大小年,种子千粒重为352 g.桂花母树种子的产量受遗传品质、体内氮素积累量、光照、机械损伤及开花整齐性等因素影响和制约.     

大蒜浸提液中化感物质对菜豆种子萌发的影响

[目的]研究大蒜浸提液对菜豆种=产萌发的化感作用强度。[方法]以乙醇为提取剂对大蒜进行提取,用大蒜浸提液处理4个菜豆品种（安蔬高产架豆王、赤裕五号、赤裕三号、抗病泰国新架豆王）,测定不同处理的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗长度、电导率和POD活性。[结果]大蒜浸提液对4个品种发芽率的抑制率都在20％以下,种子活力指数的抑制率均达80％以上,对幼苗长度的抑制率均达70％以上,对抗病泰国新架豆王发芽势和发芽指数的抑制率最大,分剐为71％和65％。经大蒜浸提液处理后,幼苗电导率和POD活性显著提高。安蔬高产架豆王和赤裕五号的POD活性分别提高了69％、68％。[结论]大蒜化感物质对菜豆种子萌发有较强地抑制作用。     

甘蓝种子SP膜衣剂中杀菌剂的筛选

先对8种杀菌剂作为SP膜衣剂的杀菌活性物质进行抑菌效果筛选,其中杀毒矾、新泰生、杜邦克露3种杀菌剂抑菌效果最好,比对照菌落减少88.92%～97.25%;再比较发芽情况,其中杀毒矾、代森锰锌、杜邦克露、多菌灵对发芽率无显著影响;选定杀毒矾,杜邦克露结合发芽和人工种子老化处理进行不同浓度(0.2%、0.3%、0.4%)比较试验,得出0.3%杀毒矾或0.2%杜邦克露效果最好;当杀毒矾、杜邦克露两种杀菌剂复配使用时,以0.1%杀毒矾+0.1%杜邦克露效果最好.