菌毒清对苹果腐烂病的毒力测定和田间治疗试验

室内测定表明,菌毒清对Valsa mali菌丝生长和分生孢子散发具有极强的抑制作用。该药剂对菌丝生长的剂量反应回归式为y=3.755+1.951x,EC_(50)为4.35ppm,EC_(95)为30.14ppm;对分生孢子萌发的剂量反应回归式为y=1.266+4.870x,EC_(50)为5.844ppm,EC_(95)为12.69ppm。在50ppm和100ppm表现抑菌作用。200ppm以上表现杀菌作用。残效期为25～30天。田间试验50～100ppm药液涂治病斑治愈率98%以上,未见复发。     

Screening for resistance to Nectria galligena Bres. in cut shoots of apple

Summary To find a fast and reliable test to assess resistance to Nectria galligena in apple, different methods of inoculation were compared using macroconidia of N. galligena and one-year-old cut shoots from mature trees of Cox's Orange Pippin, IVT 69078-19, James Grieve and Jonathan.With the best inoculation method 11 genotypes were screened for resistance. Elstar, Golden Delicious, Jonathan and Lombart's Calville were highly resistant and the level of resistance of Ingrid marie, Gloster, Melrose, IVT 69078-19, Cox's Orange Pippin, James Grieve and Idared decreased in this order.The best inoculation method proved to be simple, giving results within four to nine weeks after inoculation.     

Resistance to Corynebacterium michiganense in tomato genotypes

Summary The highest level of resistance to Corynebacterium michiganense was found in Irat L3 and Okitsu Sozai 1–20. Resistance was partial and symptomless plants proved to be carriers of the disease. The resistance is at least partially based on a diminished multiplication of the pathogen in the host plant.     

Screening fruit tree genetic resources in Belgium for disease resistance and other desirable characters

Summary The wide diversity of old fruit-tree cultivars originating or introduced into Belgium during the 18 ^th and 19 ^th centuries was collected as far as feasible over the last fifteen years at the State Plant Pathology Station in Gembloux. Out of the 2400 accessions now collected, one quarter was recovered from old public collections, and three quarters came from farms or gardens. The initial intention was to screen the material for disease resistance and other characters of agronomic interest with a view to using the best cultivars as breeding parents. However, as the collection developed, genetic resources conservation also became an objectiveper se. The collection presently contains 1150 apple, 850 pear and 300 plum accessions, and smaller numbers of other fruit species. Each accession is evaluated in an experimental orchard for at least ten years. In view of the growing public interest in old fruit-tree cultivars, the Plant Pathology Station has for several years been releasing to the nursery trade the better cultivars emerging from the evaluation, namely nine apple and four plum cultivars, and one peach cultivar. The principal features of the apple cultivars are presented in this paper. Since 1988, old apple and plum cultivars have been being used at the Station as parents in a breeding programme, with both controlled and open pollination. In some instances, old apple cultivars have also been crossed with a modern parent carrying the Vf gene for scab resistance. The preliminary observations on some of these seedlings are presented.     

Inheritance of tree and fruit characters in progenies from crosses of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars

Summary Approximately 1000 seedlings from 20 combinations crossed in 1979, 1980 and 1981 (Theiler-Hedtrich 1985a) were tested for several characters: fruit set (yield), fruit size, fruit colour, formation of abscission layer and bleeding after fruit removal from fruit stalks, bacterial canker resistance, flowering and harvesting time. From progeny of crosses with Stella as pollinator, 56% (Vittoria × Stella) and 46% (Schüttler × Stella) of the seedlings were self-compatible, of which 14 were high yielding with good fruit size and quality. From the data recorded it can be concluded:fruit set is a recessive character; only 5 to 20% of very good yielding seedlings were obtained in different progeny, even if the parental plants were both very good croppers.Fruit juice and skin colour was in most progenies ‘black’ even if they were from combinations with ‘white’ varieties, e.g., Merton Glory or Schüttler. Only from the combination Schiittler (‘white’) × Stella (‘black’), 50% of the seedlings were ‘white’; Stella therefore is heterozygous for the character of fruit juice and skin colour.Fruit size is evenly distributed in progeny with respect to the fruit size of their parent plants.Abscission layer formation and non-bleeding is a genetically complex character. In combinations where both parent plants formed fruits with complete abscission layers and which were not bleeding after fruit removal from the stalk, this character was inherited only to 50% (Vittoria × Schüttler) or 85% (Vittoria × Frühe von der Weid) in the progeny. For the genetical control of this character further studies are necessary.Bacterial canker susceptibility was evenly distributed in seedlings from all combinations even if the highly resistant cv. Vittoria was used as one parent plant, thereby not confirming the expected results of a higher proportion of resistant seedlings from combinations with Vittoria.Flowering and harvest time of the seedlings from different combinations was within the range of the parent plants. Only in the combination of Vittoria × Stella (mid-to late-ripening season) one seedling out of 99 was found to form ripe fruits two weeks earlier than the parental plants. From the seedlings tested 40 have been chosen for further evaluation or genetical studies.     

杨树溃疡病菌三菌系形态和生理学特性的研究

对不同产地、不同寄主的杨树溃疡病菌（Ｄｏｔｈｉｏｒｅｌａｇｒｅｇａｒｉａ）的Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三菌系的形态特征、生理学特性进行了系统研究。结果表明：在菌落特征、子实体形态和形成方式及分生孢子大小等方面，菌系Ａ、Ｃ和菌系Ｂ相差较大，菌系Ａ、Ｃ的子实体形成对碳、氮源具有一定的选择性，而菌系Ｂ在各种碳、氮源培养基上均可产生；三菌系对温度的要求较相近，但对ｐＨ值的反应差异较大；在不同的培养液对分生孢子萌发的试验中，菌系Ａ、Ｃ的萌发率普遍高于菌系Ｂ     

猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病病菌越冬场所的研究

通过对病园的越冬病株枝、叶、芽、叶痕、根、野生猕猴桃病枝、土壤等进行采样、分离,再接种、鉴定,证明猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病菌在田间的越冬场所有：田间病株枝、叶、芽、叶痕、野生猕猴桃病株、田间病残体、土壤表土层。病株根系经多次分离未获得稳定的致病菌株。为生产上制定防治措施提供了依据。     

柑橘溃疡病发生与抗性研究进展

柑橘溃疡病对柑橘生产危害严重,被世界许多国家列为重要的检疫性病害。从柑橘溃疡病害发生、预报、抗性机制和抗性利用等方面主要综述了近年来中国对柑橘溃疡病研究取得的进展。对影响柑橘溃疡病发生的气候条件、不同柑橘种类或品种对溃疡病的抗性差异、组织结构及生理生化特性与抗性的关系等进行了探讨,最后指出存在问题并提出展望。     

EM活性菌泥对苹果树腐烂病的防治效果

中国各苹果主产区果农长期使用有机砷等化学制剂防治腐烂病,对土壤、水质等环境造成的污染已引起人们的关注,寻求无公害的方法防治腐烂病,对苹果业可持续发展具有重要意义;设EM活性菌泥涂抹、EM活性菌液涂抹、40%福美砷可湿性粉剂50倍液刮涂和对照(只刮除腐烂病疤,不涂药)4个处理,3次重复,进行了苹果树腐烂病的防治研究;结果表明,EM活性菌泥在防治效果、病疤复发率和促进病疤愈合效果方面均优于其它处理,其当年和第二年4月的防治效果分别为92.7%、93.5%,病疤复发率分别为1.8%、2.8%,促进病疤愈合效果也最好(50.4%);因此,作者提出,将EM活性菌融入粘泥载体中制成菌泥,涂抹在腐烂病疤上,以菌治菌,是防治苹果树腐烂病的新途径。     

多羟基双萘醛提取物对猕猴桃溃疡病菌的抑制作用

【目的】探讨多羟基双萘醛提取物(WCT)对猕猴桃溃疡病菌(Pseudomonassyingae pv.actinidiae)的抑制作用。【方法】采用平板抑菌圈法和猕猴桃苗盆栽接菌的方法,测定WCT对猕猴桃溃疡病菌生长的抑制作用,并在7年树龄的猕猴桃树上进行田间药效试验,分析WCT对猕猴桃苗各处理的多酚氧化酶(PPO)与过氧化氢酶(POD)活性及病程相关蛋白的诱导情况。【结果】WCT对猕猴桃溃疡病菌的抑制中浓度(EC50)为11.5 mg/mL;猕猴桃苗接种WCT和病原菌后,其PPO和POD活性均保持在较高的水平,其中WCT预防处理的PPO和POD活性均较其他处理高;SDS-PAGE电泳分析结果显示,WCT处理和接种猕猴桃溃疡病原菌均可诱导产生分子质量为35 ku的蛋白。【结论】WCT对猕猴桃溃疡病菌的生长有显著的抑制作用,通过在猕猴桃树上涂药可诱导寄主产生抗病性,进而减轻病害的发生。