柑桔溃疡病菌存活期的研究

本文对鄂东南地区生态条件下柑桔溃疡病菌在不同场所的存活期进行了研究 ,并对其能否作为侵染源进行了评价。证实在病株病斑内的病菌存活时间可达一年以上 ,是此病发生最主要的侵染源。病菌在田间条件下的土壤、落叶、落果、果皮及自然水中的存活期均相当有限 ;其中以冬季病落叶中的病菌存活期最长 ,也不超过 3个月 ;故年前存在于这些场所的病菌均不能成为第 2年的初侵染源     

猕猴桃溃疡病田间快速检测技术优化

猕猴桃溃疡病是严重危害猕猴桃产业发展的重要细菌性病害，由于致病菌潜伏期不表现病症，常错过最佳的防治时期。为实现猕猴桃溃疡病田间无症带菌状态的早期诊断，本研究对田间快速检测技术进行了优化，并采集田间无症样本进行验证。结果表明，猕猴桃溃疡病病健交界处组织用金氏B培养液浸泡8 h可获得质量较高的PCR模板；在PCR反应体系中加入φ=10%的甘油能显著增强扩增效果；当检测无症带菌样本时，浸提液中加入Na₂SO₃，26 ℃浸泡8 h有利于降低PCR反应中抑制物的干扰；进一步优化PCR反应中模板DNA的添加量；无症样本检测结果表明，在猕猴桃孕蕾至开花期的新生枝条中溃疡病致病菌的检出率最高，可达91.8%。本试验优化后的PCR特异性分子检测技术，有助于及早发现无症带菌的猕猴桃溃疡病病株，对尽早有针对性实施田间防控具有重要意义。     

台州猕猴桃溃疡病病原菌分子鉴定及药剂筛选

为了针对性地防治猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病,采用平板涂布分离法从台州主要猕猴桃种植果园分离到1株丁香假单胞猕猴桃致病变种(Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidae,Psa)。用生物型(biovar)特异性引物检测发现,试验分离到的Psa菌株是biovar 3型。通过抑菌圈大小比较,对23种农用杀菌剂进行了筛选。结果表明,不同农用杀菌剂对Psa菌株的抑菌效果相差很大,且以四环素、乙蒜素和丁子香酚的抑菌效果较好(抑菌圈直径≥15 mm)。此外,用最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和时间-杀菌试验研究了纳米氧化锌对Psa菌株的杀菌效果。结果显示,纳米氧化锌的MIC值为50 μg·mL^-1,且杀菌效果随纳米氧化锌的浓度和作用时间的增加而增强。     

番茄抗TYLCV 基因新标记的开发及其在多抗聚合选择中的应用

根据已经克隆的番茄黄化曲叶病毒病（TYLCV）抗性基因Ty-1/Ty-3 和与基因Ty-4 紧密连锁的分子标记在抗感材料中的序列差异，开发出简单可靠的InDel 标记，建立了多重PCR 体系。采用分子标记辅助选择将TYLCV、斑点病、疮痂病和溃疡病中一个病害的多个抗性基因或不同病害的抗性基因聚合到一个材料中，培育出育种中间材料。     

STUDY ON THE HOST BIOLOGICAL INDUCED RESISTANCE OF BACTERIAL CANKER OF POPLAR

ThefirstrePortabouttheprotectiveeffeetofless-aggrssivestrainswerethatSalamaninoculatedtheless-aggrssivcstrainsofI`tfnchingIobaccoontobaccoandIeaditob-tainpartresistance.ANerthen,thcexistofinducedresistancehavebeenrcPortonseveralkindsofplantssuchasPnIms,(*cstnut.Ma-hl.v.,1tcumis.lIlmus.lI'4'5'7.8.9.l().14.l5.16.I7.l8.1'J2lj.21=4.2s.2f'.=7.2x.3()IThei11ducedresistanceofplantsisassocl-atcdt`,iththeincrcaseofthelc17clofthepllellem*tl1eprocesscsofphellemaredcpcndonthcactivelevcloftheperoxidas…     

Epidemiology and management of Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker) on oilseed rape in Australia, Canada and Europe

Phoma stem canker (blackleg), caused by Leptosphaeria maculans , is an important disease on oilseed rape (canola, rapeseed, Brassica napus , Brassica juncea , Brassica rapa ) causing seedling death, lodging or early senescence in Australia, Canada and Europe, but not in China. The two forms of L. maculans (A group and B group) that occur on oilseed rape are now considered to be separate species. The epidemiology and severity of phoma stem canker differs between continents due to differences in the pathogen population structure, oilseed rape species and cultivars grown, climate and agricultural practices. Epidemics are most severe in Australia, where only the A group occurs, and can be damaging in Canada and western Europe, where both A and B groups occur, although their proportions vary within regions and throughout the year. Epidemics are slight in China, where the A group has not been found. Dry climates (Australia, western Canada) lengthen the persistence of infected debris and may synchronize the release of airborne ascospores (after rain) with seedling emergence. L. maculans spreads from cotyledon and leaf infections down petioles to reach the stem, with infections on cotyledons and leaves early in the season producing the most damaging stem cankers at the stem base (crown). Development of both crown cankers and phoma stem lesions higher up stems is most rapid in regions with high temperatures from flowering to harvest, such as Australia and Canada. Breeding for resistance (genetic, disease escape or tolerance), stubble management, crop rotation and fungicide seed treatments are important strategies for control of phoma stem canker in all areas. Fungicide spray treatments are justified only in regions such as western Europe where high yields are obtained, and accurate forecasts of epidemic severity are needed to optimize their use.     

Pestalotiopsis canker of cypress in Israel

The occurrence of a new type of canker on stems and branches of cypress trees(Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Israel is reported.Pestalotiopsis funerea (Desm.) Steyaert was isolated from the cankers. Its pathogenicity was confirmed by formation of typical disease symptoms in inoculated plants and reisolation of that fungus from the cankers. Canker development was significantly enhanced when extreme water stress (water potential of -4.7 MPa) was imposed prior to inoculation.     

结合高接换种综合防治柑橘溃疡病

柑橘溃疡病是对柑橘生产威胁极大的重要细菌性病害，为国内外植物检疫对象，其病源为黄单孢杆菌属的一种细菌，即黄油菜单孢菌柑橘致病变种Xanthomonas campestris pv．citri（Hasse）Dye。该病危害柑橘枝梢、叶片及果实，导致树势衰退，产量降低，损毁果实外观。     

植物Gly-RLK基因家族鉴定及其在苹果中的表达分析

类受体激酶（receptor like kinase，RLK）在植物生长发育和环境适应中起重要作用。前期研究发现苹果（Malus  domestica）中存在一类具有Glyco_18胞外结构域（SM000636或SM000704）的RLK，命名为Glyco_18-RLK（Gly-RLK）。本试验中以Glyco_18和Pkinase（SM000220）保守域全蛋白序列为种子序列，对53种被子植物基因组中的Gly-RLK进行鉴定，并分析其进化特征；明确苹果Gly-RLK（MdGly-RLK）的理化性状、亚细胞定位，基因在染色体上的分布、启动子区域的顺式作用元件和表达模式。结果表明，仅19种植物中存在Gly-RLK，家族成员数介于1 ~ 20，单子叶植物中均未发现该家族成员。根据进化分析将其分为8个亚组，亚组Ⅲ、Ⅶ和Ⅷ分布基因数较多。共发现6个MdGly-RLK，其编码的氨基酸序列大小、分子量和等电点分别介于451 ~ 776、50.99 ~ 87.33 kD和5.95 ~ 8.21，主要位于质膜，4个为串联重复。MdGly-RLK在苹果各组织和品种间存在不同的表达模式；接种苹果腐烂病菌（Valsa mali）后，6个MdGly-RLK均差异表达，MdGly-RLK6（MD15G1156900）可上调至对照的16.33倍。综上，Gly-RLK仅在部分双子叶植物中存在，家族成员的扩增速度较快。MdGly-RLK响应苹果生长发育和黑腐皮壳菌信号，MdGly-RLK6可作为苹果抗腐烂病研究的候选基因。     

内蒙古苹果树腐烂病病原菌鉴定

【目的】明确内蒙古地区引起苹果树腐烂病的病原种类。【方法】采用形态学结合分子生物学的方法,对内蒙古呼和浩特市周边果园的苹果腐烂病病菌进行分离、鉴定和致病力测定。【结果】从感病’金红’苹果树上分离到2株苹果腐烂病病菌,命名为QH1和QH2。QH1与QH2的致病力与分离自陕西杨凌的参照菌株YL1相同;菌落、分生孢子及子实体的形态特征均符合Cytospora属的特征;基于内转录间隔区、核糖体大亚基片段、转录延长因子和β微管蛋白4个基因的序列一致性和系统发育的分析证明,QH1属于Cytospora schulzer,QH2属于Cytospora mali。【结论】内蒙古呼和浩特地区苹果腐烂病病菌为C.schulzer和C.mali两种致病菌。