四川省岳池县药用植物资源调查

结合全国第4次中药资源普查,通过开展野外实地样方调查,引进遥感、地理信息和卫星定位技术,同时运用计算机数据库等现代技术,与采集标本、拍摄实物、专家鉴定相结合,对岳池县药用植物资源的种类、分布状况进行了调查。结果表明,岳池县普查共记录药用植物物种208种,分属82科176属;其中菊科最多,为25种,最大的属为蓼属,有10种;野生药用植物165种,栽培药用植物43种。岳池县中药资源丰富,应充分利用当地药用植物资源特色优势,开发新的现代药物制剂,促进中药产业可持续发展。     

农林院校本科生二次选择专业动因调查分析

通过对农林院校大学生对自己专业的了解情况及满意度进行调查与分析,为引导学生是否进行转专业以及近期学业目标规划起到一定作用,同时也为一些农林高校的教学规划提供参考。     

Perceived damage and areas of needed research for wildlife pests of California agriculture

Many wildlife species cause extensive damage to a variety of agricultural commodities in California, with estimates of damage in the hundreds of millions annually. Given the limited availability of resources to solve all human–wildlife conflicts, we should focus management efforts on issues that provide the greatest benefit to agricultural commodities in California. This survey provides quantitative data on research needs to better guide future efforts in developing more effective, practical and appropriate methods for managing these species. We found that ground squirrels, pocket gophers, birds, wild pigs, coyotes and voles were the most common agricultural wildlife pest species in California. The damage caused by these species could be quite high, but varied by agricultural commodity. For most species, common forms of damage included loss of crop production and direct death of the plant, although livestock depredation was the greatest concern for coyotes. Control methods used most frequently and those deemed most effective varied by pest species, although greater advancements in control methods were listed as a top research priority for all species. Collectively, the use of toxicants, biocontrol and trapping were the most preferred methods for control, but this varied by species. In general, integrated pest management practices were used to control wildlife pests, with a special preference for those approaches that were efficacious and quick and inexpensive to apply. This information and survey design should be useful in establishing research and management priorities for wildlife pest species in California and other similar regions.     

上海市园林绿地共生固氮植物资源调查

对上海市固氮植物的结瘤状况和固氮效果进行调查分析,采集根瘤寄主分属5科37属,共83种,其中非豆科植物有4科4属12种,豆科植物33属71种。结果表明,有93%的根瘤着生于寄主侧根,大小一般在1～10mm。形状以球形、近球形、柱形为主,颜色多为白色、黄褐色。固氮酶活性为0～10μmol/(g.h)。     

Infections Investigation of ALV and REV in Guangxi Local Poultry Breeds and Sequence Analysis of gp85 Gene of ALV Isolates

In order to investigate the infection status of avian leukosis virus (ALV) and avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) in the major local breeds of Qinzhou,Guangxi,totally 953 samples of egg white,cloaca swab and serum of Ma duck,Shitou goose,Tiejiao-Ma chicken,turkey and pigeon were collected from the representing flocks and detected by the commercial ELISA kits.ALV was isolated for the ALV p27 positive samples by culturing on DF-1 cells,and gp85 gene was sequenced.The results showed that the detections of ALV were negative in the samples except those of Tiejiao-Ma chicken,while REV antibody was found positive in Ma duck,Tiejiao-Ma chicken and turkey.The nucleotide sequences of gp85 gene of two isolates shared 94.5% identity with each other,and shared 86.9% to 94.9% with reference strains.The amino acid sequences of gp85 gene of two isolates shared 91.5% identity with each other,and shared 84.0% to 91.6% with reference strains.There were many variable sites in the hyper variable region hr1 and hr2,and the vr2 and vr3 variable regions were relatively conservative.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the two isolates shared the highest homology with SCAU11-XG strain.     

A Comparative Study of the RAPINA and the Virus‐Neutralizing Test (RFFIT) for the Estimation of Antirabies‐Neutralizing Antibody Levels in Dog Samples

The mass vaccination of dogs against rabies is a highly rational strategy for interrupting the natural transmission of urban rabies. According to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and the World Health Organization (WHO), the immunization of at least 70% of the total dog population minimizes the risk of endemic rabies. Knowledge of the virus‐neutralizing antibody (VNA) level against the rabies virus (RABV) is required to evaluate protective immunity and vaccine coverage of dogs in the field. The rapid focus fluorescent inhibition test (RFFIT) and the fluorescent antibody virus neutralization (FAVN) test are recommended by OIE and WHO to determine the VNA levels in serum. However, these tests are cell culture based and require the use of live viruses and specialized equipment. The rapid neutralizing antibody test (RAPINA) is a novel, immunochromatographic test that uses inactivated virus to estimate the VNA level qualitatively. It is a simple, rapid and inexpensive, although indirect, assay for the detection of VNA levels. The RAPINA has shown good positive and negative predictive values and a high concordance with the RFFIT results. In this study, we compared the performance of the two tests for evaluating the vaccination status of dogs in the Philippines, Thailand and Japan. A total of 1135 dog sera were analysed by the RAPINA and compared to the VNA levels determined by the RFFIT. The overall positive and negative predictive values of the RAPINA were 96.2–99.3% and 84.5–94.8%, respectively, with a concordance (kappa) of 0.946–0.97 among the three countries. The RAPINA results were highly homologous and reproducible among different laboratories. These results suggest that this test is appropriate to survey vaccination coverage in countries with limited resources.     

山东茶山植物群落结构及物种多样性

茶山地处鲁东南地区,为全面了解其植物群落结构及物种多样性,2006年7月和10月对茶山植物群落结构及物种多样性进行野外调查,记录到高等植物352种,隶属90科250属,获得标准样方11个,面积6 600 m2。样方数据显示,该区域乔木种类匮乏,乔木层平均物种数2.55,Shannon-Wiener指数平均值0.48;灌木层平均物种数10.55,Shannon-Wiener指数平均值1.68。该区域受人为干扰影响显著,正处于群落演替早期,物种多样性偏低。     

基于样点的数字土壤属性制图方法及样点设计综述

土壤剖面数据与土壤类型图按照某种原则进行连接是目前获取土壤属性空间分布信息的主要方法,这种传统的土壤属性制图方法以土壤专家的“经验”和手工描绘为基础,耗费资本高、生产周期长.数字土壤制图通过借鉴先进的空间信息处理技术和高分辨率地形数据的优势,能够快速地获取高精度、高分辨率的土壤属性空间变化信息,是一种精细、高效、经济的土壤属性制图技术.本文详细介绍了基于样点进行数字土壤属性制图的3种方法:①基于空间自相关的方法:②基于空间自相关和土壤-环境关系混合相关的方法:③基于土壤-环境关系的方法.同时,为保证样点能够全面地捕捉到研究区内土壤属性空间变异特征,以上3种方法都对样点的数量、分布或典型性提出了较为严格的要求,即样点应具有全局代表性.因此,如何设计样点成为数字土壤属性制图中的一个重要问题.依据样点设计过程中是否能够整合已有样点,本文将样点设计方案分为采样设计方案和补样设计方案两种,并对其分别进行了详细的综述.     

秋大豆豆荚螟幼虫空间分布型及理论抽样数研究

采用4种聚集度指标、Taylor幂法则及Iwao的m*-m直线回归法测定了秋大豆豆荚螟幼虫空间分布型。结果表明,秋季大豆豆荚螟在发生量比较大时,田间呈均匀分布;并进而得出了理论抽样数和序贯抽样模型。     

杨树低产林成因及对策——以宿州市踊桥区祁县镇为例

通过设立固定标准地对杨树的中幼林龄期和近熟林龄期生长情况进行调查分析,了解踊桥区祁县镇不同立地条件下杨树长势,判断林分立地条件对生长量影响的关键因子,并进行了标准地土壤剖面结构、理化性质和土壤养分含量对比,结论如下：影响杨树生长的关键因素是林地土层厚度,分析了杨树低产林形成原因是：土壤层浅、瘠薄、空隙度小、质地粘重。并提出相应对策：杨树低产林改造;加强中幼林抚育、进行土壤改良;发展林下经济改善土壤结构理化性质;营造复层林、间接改良土壤,提高林地综合利用率。