CPPU在西瓜上的应用研究进展

CPPU是一种人工合成的细胞分裂素类物质,具有促进果实膨大和提高坐果率等功能,在园艺作物上有着广泛的应用。本文介绍了CPPU的推广历程,总结了CPPU在促进西瓜坐果和诱导单性结实、解决三倍体无籽西瓜授粉问题及CPPU对西瓜品质的影响等方面的研究进展,分析了其残留的安全性,最后提出了加强植物生长调节剂的生产管理和加快蜜蜂授粉技术研发的建议,以期增强公众对CPPU的科学认识,促进CPPU在西瓜生产中的正确使用。     

浅谈油气管道完整性管理模式

本文基于国内外油气管道完整性管理(PIM)成果的基础,从数据收集和研究、高后果区分析、完整性评估、管道检测与执行、管道维护修复、效能分析等方面进行具体PIM描述,从体系文件、标准规范、系统平台、支持技术、实施应用五个层面构建PIM管理体系框架。     

陕西省动物研究所馆藏标本现状及分析

陕西省动物研究所现有馆藏标本5万余份,是秦岭地区野生动物保护及研究的重要参考资料。为加强标本管理,提高标本使用效率,我们在2008年4月至2009年6月对所内馆藏标本进行了系统分类整理,分析总结了馆藏标本的现实状况并就存在的问题进行了探讨,为标本数字化共享平台建设奠定了基础,并为今后科研院校在动物学研究领域的交流与合作奠定基础。     

“三鹿奶粉事件”后广阳区奶业发展新策略

"三鹿奶粉事件"举国观注,我区的奶业同样遭受巨大冲击,出现"倒奶"、饲料业发展受阻、消费者必里恐慌等负面影响.然而,在各级领导的大力支持下,我区不断创新工作方法,研究制定有力措施,通过大力推进规模养殖,全面加强饲料监管和不断规范奶站经营等措施来进一步降低奶农经济损失,用新的发展思路促进全区奶牛业更快更好发展.即在辖区逐步建设"花园式" 奶牛养殖场(小区)、"高清洁" 挤奶厅和"绿色食品"饲料.     

HACCP原理在生鲜牛奶生产中的应用

HACCP是危害分析与关键控制点的英文缩写,该文结合我国大多数中、小奶牛场硬件条件,运用HACCP原理,分析了泌乳牛饲养和生鲜牛奶生产过程中危害产生的原因,制定了简单易行的预防措施,确定了关键控制点,建立了控制制度和验证方案,有效的控制了危害的出现.同时通过实施HACCP计划,使生鲜牛奶的卫生、安全质量达到了发达国家标准.     

Improvement of small dairy producers in the central coast of Peru

The objective of this study was to characterize a group of small dairy producers in the central coast of Peru and determine the most important limiting factors that affect animal productivity, using Participatory Rural Appraisal methodologies. The information collected during a year included biological and socio-economic characteristics. Inappropriate nutrition, management, health and reproduction were observed in most farms. The average number of animals per family was 17.3, of which 40% were bulls and growing calves. Milk production and net cash income were reduced in the summer. The feeding programme for lactating and growing females of forage exchanged for labour and purchased concentrates did not theoretically or practically meet the cows’ needs. All water was carried to the site on donkeys from one kilometre distance. All cows were negative for a number of potential infectious diseases. By California Mastitis Test of routine samples 7.1% of cows had clinical mastitis and 66.1% subclinical. Taking notional labour and forage costs into account, milk production was at a loss but the farmers considered neither and were satisfied with a net cash income from milk sales three times the average agricultural wage.     

GMOs in animal agriculture: time to consider both costs and benefits in regulatory evaluations

In 2012, genetically engineered (GE) crops were grown by 17.3 million farmers on over 170 million hectares. Over 70% of harvested GE biomass is fed to food producing animals, making them the major consumers of GE crops for the past 15 plus years. Prior to commercialization, GE crops go through an extensive regulatory evaluation. Over one hundred regulatory submissions have shown compositional equivalence, and comparable levels of safety, between GE crops and their conventional counterparts. One component of regulatory compliance is whole GE food/feed animal feeding studies. Both regulatory studies and independent peer-reviewed studies have shown that GE crops can be safely used in animal feed, and rDNA fragments have never been detected in products (e.g. milk, meat, eggs) derived from animals that consumed GE feed. Despite the fact that the scientific weight of evidence from these hundreds of studies have not revealed unique risks associated with GE feed, some groups are calling for more animal feeding studies, including long-term rodent studies and studies in target livestock species for the approval of GE crops. It is an opportune time to review the results of such studies as have been done to date to evaluate the value of the additional information obtained. Requiring long-term and target animal feeding studies would sharply increase regulatory compliance costs and prolong the regulatory process associated with the commercialization of GE crops. Such costs may impede the development of feed crops with enhanced nutritional characteristics and durability, particularly in the local varieties in small and poor developing countries. More generally it is time for regulatory evaluations to more explicitly consider both the reasonable and unique risks and benefits associated with the use of both GE plants and animals in agricultural systems, and weigh them against those associated with existing systems, and those of regulatory inaction. This would represent a shift away from a GE evaluation process that currently focuses only on risk assessment and identifying ever diminishing marginal hazards, to a regulatory approach that more objectively evaluates and communicates the likely impact of approving a new GE plant or animal on agricultural production systems.     

非洲猪瘟疫情形势下生长育肥猪饲养管理关键技术

育肥猪的科学饲养与管理直接影响猪场经济效益,非洲猪瘟疫情形势下的育肥猪生产更是充满挑战与压力。文章旨在针对生长育肥猪养殖的基本环节及操作要点,从环境控制、科学饲养与管理、严格防疫等方面阐述了育肥猪养殖的关键技术,为非洲猪瘟疫情防控形势下的生猪保供复产提供技术支撑。     

植物源农药苦参碱对部分桑园害虫的毒力及田间防治效果

为了探讨从传统中草药苦参中提取的苦参碱用于桑树害虫防治的可行性,用2%苦参碱稀释药液对部分桑园害虫进行室内毒力测定和田间防治试验,并检测其对家蚕的安全性。结果表明,2%苦参碱对桑尺蠖、桑毛虫、棉大造桥虫、红腹灯蛾、白毛虫有较强的毒力,其LC50分别为23.55、28.73、28.52、30.71、25.61 mg/L,以1 500倍稀释药液对上述5种害虫室内处理24 h后的死亡率为92.18%～96.78%,并且具有较好的田间防治效果,24 h虫口退减率为89.81%～96.00%;对桑园微型害虫桑蓟马和朱砂叶螨也有较强的毒力和防治效果,1 500倍稀释药液室内处理24 h后的死亡率分别为95.52%、98.07%,田间防治24 h虫口退减率分别为90.61%、92.55%;对桑螟、野桑蚕的毒力较低,LC50分别为364.47和351.01 mg/L,1 500倍稀释药液对2种害虫室内处理24 h后的死亡率仅有3.13%和3.83%,田间防治24 h虫口减退率分别为18.06%、8.70%。用2%苦参碱的2 000倍、1 500倍、1 000倍稀释药液喷施桑树后,对家蚕的安全间隔期分别为4、8、32 h,安全间隔期后采摘桑叶喂蚕,对家蚕的生长发育和产茧量性状无不良影响。根据试验结果初步认为:苦参碱对桑园害虫防治具有选择性药效,如果桑园害虫的优势种群为桑尺蠖、棉大造桥虫、桑毛虫、红腹灯蛾、白毛虫、桑蓟马、朱砂叶螨,可以考虑采用苦参碱进行防治。     

浅谈《草原管理学》课程的发展历史与教学改革实践

介绍了畜牧业发达国家的《草原管理学》课程的起源与发展,对我国草业科学专业及《草原管理学》的发展历程进行了回顾,并对当前的发展现状进行了分析,提出课程改革应与时俱进的观点。高等教育的目的就是要培养符合国家及社会发展需要的复合型人才。结合沈阳农业大学草业科学系《草原管理学》课程的建设、改革与发展的实例,充分说明了通过与时俱进的课程内容和授课手段的教学研究与改革,对于培养适应时代发展需要的高素质草业人才具有重要的意义。