Establishment of Hybrid Arctic Bramble under Field Conditions

The effect of different factors on plant diameter and yield in hybrid arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus nothosubsp. stellarcticus) was examined in two field experiments with a factorial design. The studied factors included planting time (August, September, May or June), plant type (bare-rooted or potted plants) and ground cover (no ground cover or mulching with a dark plastic film). Development of bare-rooted and potted plants did not differ when transplanted in the autumn and in May. Potted plants developed better than bare-rooted plants when transplanted in June. In one year, plants transplanted in May developed best, while in another, plants transplanted in the autumn developed best. Mulching with a dark plastic film improved plant development. The rate of vegetative development during the first growth season was reflected in the yields in both the first and the second harvest year; the greater the plant diameter after the first growth season, the higher the yield.     

树莓果实维生素C积累与其合成氧化酶的关系

对4个品种的树莓(Rubus idaeus)果实生长过程中还原型维生素C(AsA)、氧化型维生素C(DHA)及总维生素C舍量进行了分析,并对L-半乳糖酸-1,4-内酯脱氢酶(GalLDH)、抗坏血酸氧化酶(AAO)及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)3种酶的活性进行了测定分析.结果显示,AsA和总维生素C含量随着果实的成熟而逐渐上升.4个品种中GalLDH活性与AsA积累之间均呈显著正相关.AAO和APX活性与AsA含量相关性不显著,而APX活性与DHA含量呈显著正相关.说明不同树莓品种间维生素C含量存在差异的原因与其GalLDH及APX活性有关.     

中国悬钩子属植物的分类鉴定与开发利用

综合有关文献资料,以俞德浚的分类系统为线索,着重论述了对中国悬钩子属植物分类的鉴定、修订、完善和需要进一步研究的问题,并提出了开发利用建议。     

高粱泡组织培养技术

为了加快高粱泡的开发利用,以MS为基本培养基,以高粱泡的带芽茎段为外植体进行组织培养研究。结果表明:不同种类和浓度的激素对高粱泡不定芽增殖和生长的影响不同。最佳启动培养基为MS+0.5mg·L-16-BA,最佳增殖培养基为MS+6-BA0.5mg·L-1+NAA0.1mg·L-1,最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+0.05mg·L-1NAA。     

甜茶根中鞣花酸的提取纯化、表征及含量测定

以甜茶根为原料,经提取、溶剂萃取、重结晶等手段,得到了鞣花酸晶体;利用熔点、HPLC、IR和MS等参数或指标对其结构进行表征,证实甜茶根中含有鞣花酸,并测定出甜茶根中鞣花酸含量为0.10%。     

Histogenic layer manipulation in chimeral ‘Thornless Evergreen’ trailing blackberry

Summary Thornless Evergreen blackberry (Rubus laciniatus Willd.) is a periclinal chimera in which the epidermis has mutated to a thornless phenotype while the internal portions of the plant possess the wild thorny genotype. Shoot tips were used to establish a source of experimental material. Nine hundred plants of Thornless Evergreen were proliferated and rooted in vitro in an effort to locate a chimeral rearrangement and/or a pure thornless plant. When these tissue culture propagated plants were grown in the greenhouse, two predominant plant types were observed; about 53% of the propagules showed a normal vining growth habit while the other 47% of the plants were dwarfed due to shortened internodes. Adventitious shoots from isolated root segments of the normal plants were thorny, while those from many of the dwarfed plants had developed from epidermal cells of the parent. Such plants of epidermal origin are no longer chimeral but are of pure thornless genotype.Graduate Assistant and Associate Professor, respectively. Funds for this research were provided by the Illinois Expreiment Station. We thank Mel Chu and Alan Otterbacher for technical assistance.     

Variable inheritance of spinelessness in progenies of a mutant of the red raspberry cv. Willamette

Summary The inheritance of spinelessness in progenies of a spine-free mutant of the red raspberry cv. Willamette was very variable. An hypothesis that the spinelessness is caused by a mutation to a dominant gene remains tentative, because, among progenies expected to segregate, some were entirely spiney, others were entirely spine-free and some segregated for spinelessness. Several possible causes of the variable segregation were apparently eliminated, but the recessive gene s, which also confers spinelessness, appeared to have a major effect on segregation. The possibilities are discussed that the diversity of segregation was caused either because the postulated mutant gene has pleiotropic effects on seed development similar to those of gene s, or because it is allelic to gene s. From a plant breeder's viewpoint the gene has limited value except for breeding purple raspberries.     

Production of non-chimeral colchiploids in Rubus species by tissue culture

Summary Diploid Rubus allegheniensis Porter and R. rusticanus Merc. shoot tips were proliferated in tissue culture and treated with 0.02 to 0.08% colchicine to induce non-chimeral polyploidy. About 20 shoot tips of each treatment were transferred to test tubes containing modified Anderson's medium for shoot proliferation. Shoots at the 3- or 4-leaf stage were transplanted into Jiffy-7 peat pellets and placed under intermittent mist for rooting. Root tip squashes were made for chromosome counts. Thirteen R. allegheniensis and 7 R. rusticanus plants proved to be autotetraploids (28 chromosomes). Stomata of the autotetraploids were significantly larger than those of the diploids but stomatal conductance of CO₂ and photosynthesis rate were reduced significantly as compared to diploids. Pollen grains in tetraploid were larger than those in diploid R. allegheniensis plants. These results indicate that tissue culture can facilitate the production of non-chimeral colchiploids in Rubus spp.     

Population evaluation in crop wild relatives for <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> conservation: a case study for raspberry <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rubus idaeus</Emphasis> L. in the Leningrad region,Russia

Many crop wild relatives are usually widely distributed species, and in this relation a question arises about selecting populations of special importance for conservation. Using Rubus idaeus as an example, we propose a compound selection of wild populations for in situ conservation. Twelve raspberry populations in the Leningrad region have been evaluated from the point of view of their significance for in situ conservation. To exclude the run-wild forms from the evaluation process, we tried to identify them applying a mathematical model developed by statusmetry method. The constructed model is based on morphological features of leaves of primocanes and helps to distinguish the wild forms from the cultivated and run-wild ones. The wild raspberry populations were screened for plants with features useful for cultivated raspberry improvement such as waxy cover presence, yellow fruiting plants, spinelessness, fruiting primocanes and others. The diversity of wild raspberry populations was assessed by variation of morphological features, presence of botanical varieties and polymorphism of seed storage proteins. The results of viability status assessment for the chosen populations reflect the perspectives of their development and permit to determine the strategy and measures for optimal conservation.     

掌叶覆盆子组培快繁体系中生长调节剂与矿质元素的优化

掌叶覆盆子(Rubus chingii Hu)药食同源,营养保健价值凸显,经济效益显著。为加快掌叶覆盆子良种繁育,以药用成分含量较高的优质株系L14茎段为外植体,采用调整植物生长调节剂的组合、质量浓度,以及矿质元素含量的方式,优化组培快繁体系。结果表明,添加0.1 mg·L^-1萘乙酸(NAA)时,5.0～30.0 mg·L^-1 6-糠氨基腺嘌呤/激动素(KT)促进掌叶覆盆子组培苗增殖的效果与0.5～3.0 mg·L^-1 6-苄氨基腺嘌呤(6-BA)相当,可见,6-BA的作用强度约为KT的10倍。0.5～3.0 mgL^-1的6-BA会引起试管苗的玻璃化,0.1～1.0 mg·L^-1 KT的添加有助于减轻玻璃化,其中,0.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA+1.0 mg·L^-1 KT的细胞分裂素组合下掌叶覆盆子组培苗增殖系数最大,达10.33,且苗生长健壮。调整培养基中具体矿质元素的含量,可进一步促进试管苗的生长。因此,优化后的掌叶覆盆子增殖培养...