Comparative Embryological Studies on Infertility of Interspecific Hybridizations Between Oryza sativa with Different Ploidy Levels and O. officinalis

As maternal parents, diploid (L202-2x) and autotetraploid (L202-4x) of Oryza sativa cv. L202 were crossed with O. officinalis. Embryo development and fertilization in these two crosses were comparatively studied. There were no mature hybrid seeds obtained because all the hybridized spikelets died 30 days after pollination. The main reasons for no seed set were abnormal fertilization and development of the embryos and endosperms in the interspecific hybrids. There were double- fertilization, egg cell single-fertilization and non-fertilization in these crosses. Although 59.45% and 54.87% of hybrid embryos produced in the crosses of L202-2x/O. officinalis and L202-4x/O. officinalis, respectively, hybrid embryos ceased to develop or degenerated and plenty of free endosperm nuclei were in disaggregating state without developing cellular endosperms three days after pollination. Besides, some embryological differences in these two crosses were found, that is, the rate of double-fertilization and total rate of double- and single-fertilization in L202-2x/O. officinalis were higher than those in L202-4x/O. officinalis. The embryo and endosperm of hybrids developed more slowly, and embryos and free endosperm nuclei were more severely degenerated in L202-4x/O. officinalis than in L202-2x/O. officinalis. Five days after pollination, a few of embryos in L202-2x/O. officinalis developed into pear-shaped ones, however, embryos in L202-4x/O. officinalis were all degenerated. Therefore, it is more difficult to obtain interspecific hybrids by wide crosses between autotetraploid of O. sativa and O. officinalis.     

基于火焰原子吸收光谱法的芦笋中微量元素含量的测定

[目的]用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定芦笋（Asparagus officinalisL.）中Cu、Fe、Zn、Ca、Mg、K微量元素含量,为芦笋的合理开发利用提供依据。[方法]加入LaCl3和CsCl消除测定Ca、Mg和K时的干扰,以硝酸和过氧化氢为消解剂,采用高压密闭消解火焰原子吸收光谱法测定白芦笋、白芦笋罐头、绿芦笋及其嫩茎和花中Cu、Fe、Zn、Ca、Mg、K元素含量。[结果]方法的回收率在91.2%～112.3%,相对标准偏差为1.43%～2.31%。芦笋加工为罐头后,Cu、Fe、Zn和Ca元素含量增大,K和Mg元素含量减少;绿芦笋中Cu、Fe、Zn、Ca、Mg、K元素含量均高于白芦笋;绿芦笋花中Cu、Zn、Ca和Mg含量明显大于茎中。[结论]该研究可为芦笋的合理开发与利用提供依据。     

不同氮磷钾配施对芦笋生长和产量的影响

为了研究和改进芦笋栽培技术,发挥芦笋的生产潜力,针对潍坊地区的生态条件,以4年生‘冠军’为试验材料,采用田间试验和室内分析相结合的方法,对高肥力地块和中肥力地块的N、P、K不同配比对芦笋生长和产量的影响进行详细研究。结果表明：在高肥力地块施肥无明显增产效果,土壤有机质含量达到1.36%、全氮0.091%、碱解氮41.0 mg/kg、速效磷13.4 mg/kg、速效钾140 mg/kg 以上时,对土壤再施肥无明显增产效果;中等肥力地块施肥效果明显,N、P、K 的比例以10:7:9 效果最好,产量为15000 kg/hm2的合理施肥指标为有机肥（完全腐熟）60000 kg/hm2,氮磷钾施用量分别为450、315、405 kg/hm2,全部有机肥和60%的化肥,在采笋结束时一次施入。30天后将40%的化肥作追肥施入。     

芦笋热烫介质的选择及工艺优化研究

[目的]对比选择适合芦笋的热烫介质并优化热烫工艺.[方法]以新鲜绿芦笋为原料,对水、油、水油3种常见的热烫介质进行对比研究,选择最佳热烫介质.在单因素试验的基础上,分别以芦笋的抗氧化活性、干物质溶出率及感官性状为指标,通过k（34）正交设计优化芦笋热烫的工艺条件.[结果]试验表明,水油为芦笋的最佳热烫介质,且芦笋热烫的最佳工艺条件为：水油比12∶1 ml/ml,料液比1∶3 g/ml,在100℃下烫制2min.在此条件下,芦笋的抗氧化活性最高,色泽最好,且食用品质达到最佳水平,干物质溶出率为1.28％.[结论]以水油为热烫介质的芦笋适宜于加工各种菜肴,且研究可为指导人们合理烹调提供理论依据.     

超临界CO2萃取琉璃苣芳香油参数的优化

采用超临界CO2萃取技术,利用正交设计对琉璃苣(Borago officinlis)芳香油萃取参数进行了优化研究.结果表明,影响超临界CO2萃取量最重要因子为萃取压力,其次是萃取温度;最佳萃取工艺参数组合为萃取压力20 MPa、萃取温度35℃、萃取时间2.0 h、CO2流量3.0 L/h.采用该参数组合进行超临界CO2萃取,琉璃苣芳香油含量高达0.684％.     

凹叶厚朴叶的生长规律与开发利用

凹叶厚朴既是传统的药用植物，又是具备保健功能的食品资源。本文观察研究了凹叶厚朴叶的物修、生长规律、生物量、化学成分和浓缩汗的工艺小试，为可持续利用植物资源提供参考。     

山茱萸种子休眠的破除与试管萌发

本文研究了山茱萸种子的吸水性,并用切端露胚法、浓硫酸处理、不同激素种类及浓度处理和低温层积两个半月后分别在培养皿中、土壤中、盛有湿沙的营养钵中及试管中进行种子萌发的试验,结果表明山茱萸种子休眠的原因除种皮限制;胚未完成后熟或胚未完全发育;种皮中有抑制物质外还有土壤基质透气性差及其机械阻力的因素.     

巴戟天MoDXS基因及其启动子的克隆与分析

从药用植物巴戟天根部组织中克隆了3个1–脱氧–D–木酮糖5–磷酸合成酶基因MoDXS1、MoDXS2-1和MoDXS2-2,其全长cDNA分别为2 676、2 667和2 610 bp,编码区序列长度为2 154、2 121和2 190 bp,编码717、706和729个氨基酸。BlastP序列比对分析表明MoDXS蛋白与其他植物的DXS蛋白高度同源;系统进化发育树分析显示,MoDXS蛋白与中粒咖啡和小粒咖啡DXS蛋白亲缘关系最近。MoDXS1、MoDXS2-1和MoDXS2-2蛋白被分别归为clade 1、clade 3和clade 2。MoDXS1在巴戟天根中表达量最高;MoDXS2-1在巴戟天根、茎、叶中的相对表达量差异显著,叶中最高;MoDXS2-2在根中表达量最高,而在茎和叶中最低。MoDXS1、MoDXS2-1和MoDXS2-2基因的5′端上游启动子序列长度分别为2 538、732和1 744 bp。亚细胞定位预测3个MoDXS均在叶绿体上。     

凹叶厚朴树皮产量预测模型的研究

通过实测61株凹叶厚朴样木胸径、树高和树皮产量,对凹叶厚朴树皮产量预测模型进行研究,采用改进单纯形法建立树皮产量数学模型,并对不同数学模型进行了比较。结果表明,改进单纯形法优化得到的模型y=O．9438643 0．02407896D^2.040018H^0.3646304,y=O.06606968D^2.059642的相关系数最大,分别为O．9623和O．9583,可用于凹叶厚朴树皮产量预测;胸径因子对凹叶厚朴树皮产量预测比树高因子更有效。     

Establishment of Rapid Propagation System for Saponaria officinalis L. Progeny After EMS Mutation

Saponaria officinalis L. seeds were treated with different concentrations of chemical mutagen to determine the impact of media with various hormone concentrations on the induction of mutated （Saponaria officinalis L.） seeds＇ adventitious buds and rooting culture by using tissue culture technology. The results indicated that the optimum concentration of the chemical mutagen-EMS was 0.3%; the optimum induction medium was MS＋6-BA 1.5 mg · L^-1, NAA 0.1 mg · L^-1 and the optimum rooting medium was MS＋0.05 mg · L^-1 NAA.