Effect of manures and inorganic fertilizers on growth,yield, and essential oil of damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) and chemical properties of soil in western Himalayas

A field experiment was conducted to study different manures and inorganic fertilizers effect on damask rose during 2008–2012. The rose essential oil (EO) was obtained by hydro distillation in Clevenger type apparatus and the components in the rose oil were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Application of 90:80:90 kg nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium (NPK) ha^?1 outshine all other treatments and recorded significantly higher flower and oil yield as compared to control. EO yield was also significantly correlated with flower yield plant^?1, number of flowers plant,^?1 and flower yield ha^?1. The higher percentage of citronellol+nerol was obtained by the application of 120:40:90 kg NPK ha^?1. Geraniol (26.2%) was maximum when the plants were fertilized with 90:40:90 kg NPK ha^?1. Citronellol+nerol/geraniol ratio was also high in fertilized plots. Furthermore, manure application resulted in a marked improvement in chemical properties (pH, percent organic carbon, available N, P, and K) of the soil.     

Embryo rescue in Rosa hybrida L.

Summary Two crosses between Rosa hybrida L. cultivars, that fail to produce progenies by conventional means, were carried out. In one of them, total hip abscision occured seven weeks after pollination; in the other one, only 2% of the fertilized hips remained on the plants after eleven weeks. Four- and five-week-old fertilized ovules were isolated in the first cross and six-week-old embryos in the second. The ovules were cultured on six media which differed in their mineral salt and sucrose concentrations while the embryos were cultured on only one of these media and eventually cold treated for one month at 4° C before being placed in a culture room set at 23° C. The embryos that had been isolated in ovulo when they were still not visible under a binocular lens developed atypically. The embryos isolated in ovulo when they were heart-shaped and on average 0.27 mm long performed in ovulo germination on some media and/or enlargement on all of them after two weeks; after another two week culture, once isolated from the ovule, all of them germinated. The cultured isolated embryos, that were exposed to cold, enlarged and germinated more rapidly when placed at 23° C than those not exposed to cold. Furthermore, the plantlets resulting from untreated embryo germination were characterized by large cotyledons which were only partially green. These results are discussed in regard to embryogenesis, precocious germination and dormancy.     

干旱胁迫对蔷薇生理活性的影响

干旱胁迫是影响植物生长发育及应用的重要因子。为掌握蔷薇Rosa multiflora的抗旱能力,测定了干旱胁迫下蔷薇的电导率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(POD)活性、可溶性蛋白的含量和脯氨酸的含量。结果表明:蔷薇的电导率和脯氨酸含量与胁迫程度成正相关关系;MDA的含量、SOD和POD的活性、可溶性蛋白的含量都在一定范围内随着胁迫强度的增加而先升高后降低;研究表明蔷薇具有较强的抗旱能力。     

农杆菌介导的SeNHX1基因转化月季愈伤组织的研究

Pink Peace’rose was used to study the optimum conditions for transferring the SeNHX1 gene into the callus. The results showed that the optimal medium was MS+2,4-D 5.0 mg·L^-1 + TDZ 0.5 mg·L^-1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation was able to take the target gene into callus and the blue spots were found. The optimum conditions for the transient expression of gusA gene are as following: bacterium density of OD was 0.5, infection time was 20 min, culture time was 3 days. Adding 100 μmol·L^-1 AS, the frequency of transient expression of GUS gene was the highest, which reached about 85% in present study.     

支持物对月季愈伤组织诱导的影响

分别用脱脂棉、琼脂和河沙为支持物,以MS＋NAA1．00mg／L＋6-BA0．50mg／L为培养基,对月季茎段愈伤组织诱导进行了试验。结果表明,支持物为脱脂棉的培养基对月季茎段愈伤组织诱导有较好的效果,但污染稍大。     

无籽刺梨多倍体诱导试验初报

采用育种技术对无籽刺梨进行多倍体诱导,以期获得无籽刺梨多倍体植株。以秋水仙素作为诱导剂,二倍体组培苗为材料,比较不同的预培养时间、处理时间及秋水仙素浓度对无籽刺梨染色体加倍的诱导效果。结果表明：无籽刺梨茎段在分化培养基上预培养1d后,继而用含300mg/L秋水仙素溶液浸泡处理12h,再进行分化培养的诱导效果最佳,其诱导变异率达256%;无籽刺梨多倍性植株同质化培养的最佳次数为6次。对变异植株根尖细胞进行染色体计数后发现,部分变异植株的根尖细胞染色体为2n=4x=28,为四倍体。部分植株同时存在2n=2x=14和2n=4x=28两种倍性细胞,为嵌合体。     

微波协同酶法提取刺玫叶总黄酮工艺研究

采用微波协同酶法提取刺玫叶总黄酮,以刺玫叶总黄酮提取率为主要指标对微波协同酶法提取工艺进行了优化,确定了最佳的工艺条件:提取溶剂为75%乙醇、料液比1∶25,复合酶（纤维素酶∶果胶酶=2∶1）,酶解温度55℃、酶解时间120 min、酶解提取2次、酶解体系pH 4.5、微波功率600 W,微波处理时间15 min、微波温度60℃、微波提取2次,在此工艺条件下,刺玫叶总黄酮平均提取率为32.21 mg·g^-1。表明微波协同酶法可用于刺玫叶总黄酮的提取。     

蔷薇属植物抗寒性指标的研究

本文对12种不同抗寒性的蔷薇属(Rosa)植物的一系列生理生化以及组织解剖指标进行了研究。结果表明:束缚水/自由水、3℃下的脯氨酸积累量和光合强度、栅栏组织/海绵组织以及越冬茎的木质化程度等指标与被试种类越冬茎的褐变温度具有很好的相关性;海绵组织细胞的大小和越冬茎的幼嫩程度与抗寒性呈反相关;0℃下过氧化氩酶的稳定性和TTC还原率以及叶表蜡质保护层厚度等指标,在某种意义上,也能指示这类植物的抗寒性。     

黔中喀斯特山区坡耕地产流产沙对无籽刺梨种植的响应

产流产沙是坡耕地土壤侵蚀的主要形式,为探讨无籽刺梨对黔中喀斯特山区坡耕地土壤侵蚀治理效应,采用径流小区野外定位观测法和相关性分析法,分析了坡度15°和25°坡耕地共6个自然坡面径流小区2016年6—9月15次野外实测侵蚀性降雨产流产沙数据。结果表明:(1)在同坡度同降雨量同I₃₀下,无籽刺梨地较自然恢复地有显著保水保沙能力,无籽刺梨+自然荒草地模式优于无籽刺梨单种模式。(2)无籽刺梨种植模式减流减沙效果坡度25°优于15°,减沙效果优于减流效果。其中无籽刺梨+自然荒草地减流减沙效果最优,在小雨、中雨、大雨、暴雨4种雨型下,坡度15°度时较自然恢复地分别平均减流59.08%,65.23%,56.96%,54.87%,分别平均减沙87.32%,71.64%,51.10%,74.69%;坡度25°度时分别平均减流53.11%,76.09%,76.72%,46.12%,分别平均减沙85.40%,86.87%,71.55%,73.99%。(3)研究区产流产沙量与降雨参数(P、I₃₀)高度相关且在0.01水平上显著,在不同雨型下无籽刺梨减流减沙均有明显效果,小雨、中雨时减流减沙效果最佳。研究证实了研究区无籽刺梨种植能抵御不同雨型的降雨侵蚀,可作为贵州省喀斯特山区生态修复的极优经济选种。     

月季“黄和平”体细胞胚诱导的初步研究

以月季(Rosa chinensis)“黄和平”的幼嫩叶片为外植体,研究了不同植物生长调节剂对其愈伤组织和体细胞胚诱导的影响.结果表明,在愈伤组织诱导试验中,MS+3 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L 6-BA效果最好,诱导率达94.8％;在体细胞胚诱导试验中,其最适诱导培养基为MS+1.2 mg/L TDZ,暗培养8d后转入光下培养,体细胞胚诱导率最高,达33.3％,暗培养超过8d,外植体易形成愈伤组织而不利于体细胞胚的诱导.