机动车驾驶员疲劳状态的仿真分析研究

通过对驾驶员的驾驶操纵过程进行分析,应用传递函数这一经典控制理论工具,构建了驾驶员的行为操纵模型,并在MATLAB/Simulink仿真环境下实现,通过对机动车驾驶员的正常状态和疲劳状态进行仿真比较分析,表明驾驶员在疲劳状态时比正常状态时需要更长的操纵时间才能跟随着道路环境的变化,其果断性和灵敏性、实时性均下降很多,为进一步研究机动车驾驶员的疲劳状态奠定了理论基础。     

An index for evaluating the flood-prevention function of paddies

Urbanization is expanding in and around small to medium-sized cities as well as in large cities, and the expansion includes low-lying areas where the flood risk is high. Flood risk in small watersheds has been evaluated using precise mathematical models. However, these models cannot be applied to larger basins due to the complexity of data collection and analysis. As a result, quantitative evaluations of flood risk at macro scales and the flood-prevention function of paddies around urban areas have not been made. This paper proposes a method and an index that can be used to evaluate the flood-prevention function of paddies on a regional scale. In addition, the use of this system for basin-wide management is illustrated by an example for the Kinu and Kokai rivers, which are tributaries of the Tone River of Japan. The applicability of the approach is evaluated using data from a major flood that occurred in the study area.     

海南农业经济增长影响因素的实证分析

建省20多年来,海南农业经济得到了快速发展。本文利用扩展的柯布-道格拉斯生产函数,应用海南省18个市县1991～2009年的面板数据,定量分析农业资本存量、农业从业人口、耕地面积、农业机械总动力投入等因素对海南农业经济增长的影响。结果表明:农业资本存量、农业机械总动力及耕地面积对海南农业经济增长的影响是显著的,但贡献程度不高。最后,在此基础上提出加快海南农业经济增长的对策建议。     

阻尼RLW方程弱解的后向唯一性

在文[1]工作基础上,本文证明了阻尼RLW方程的弱解也具有后向唯一性。     

Quantitative analysis of animal model lens anatomy: accommodative range is related to fiber structure and organization

Purpose The results of a recent study on accommodation in humans and baboons has revealed that lens fiber structure and organization are key components of the mechanism of accommodation. Dynamic focusing involves the controlled displacement and replacement, or realignment, of cortical fiber-ends at sutures as the mechanism of accommodation at the fiber level. This emended explanation of the mechanism of accommodation raises the following question: as the structure of crystalline lenses are only similar, not identical between species, is accommodative amplitude related to differences in the structure and organization of fibers between species? To address this question, we have quantitatively examined the structure and organization of fibers in a number of the more commonly used animal models (mice, cattle, frogs, rabbits and chickens) for lens research. Materials and methods Lenses (a minimum of 12–18 lenses/species) from mice, cattle, frogs and rabbits were used for this study. Prior to fixation for structural analysis, measurements of the gross shape of the lenses (equatorial diameter, anterior and posterior minor radii [anterior + posterior minor radius = polar axis]) were taken directly through a stereo surgical dissecting microscope equipped with an ocular reticle. Lenses were then prepared for and examined by light (LM), transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Scale computer-assisted drawings (CADs) of lenses and lens fibers were then constructed from quantitative data as described above and from quantitative data contained in micrographs. Results The differences in fiber structure and organization that effect accommodative range arise early in development and are continued throughout lifelong lens growth. In umbilical suture lenses (avian) secondary fibers develop with almost completely tapered anterior ends (85–90% reduction of their measures of width and thickness at the equator). By comparison, in lenses with line sutures (e.g. frogs and rabbits) secondary fibers develop with just a 50–60% reduction in anterior fiber taper. In lenses with Y sutures (mice and cattle), fiber width taper is only 25–40%. However, in all cases, while the taper of the posterior end width of fibers is just slightly less (approx. 15–20%) than that of anterior ends, posterior end thickness is only reduced by one half that of anterior thickness. Conclusions In humans, the mechanism of accommodation at the fiber level involves the controlled realignment of very flattened and flared, rather than tapered fiber-ends at sutures. In this manner, the simultaneous increase in lens thickness and surface curvature in the accommodated state is the result of fiber-ends being overlapped along multiple (9–12) suture branches covering the majority of the anterior and posterior surfaces. The results of this animal study strongly suggest that accommodative range is directly related to quantitative differences in fiber structure and organization in the different suture types. The very broad accommodative range in birds is made possible, at least in part, by the almost complete tapering of fiber-ends at umbilical sutures. In contrast, the essentially negligible accommodative range of animals that have line- and Y-suture lenses is at least partially the result of the fact that these lenses have fibers with very little end taper. Thus, the blunt ends of fibers in line- and Y-suture lenses precludes any significant overlap of end segments to effect accommodation.     

粮食生产中农业机械与劳动力的替代弹性分析

基于CES生产函数,利用我国1978-2008年的统计数据,实证分析了粮食生产中农业机械总动力与劳动力投入之间的关系。结果表明:单位播种面积农业机械总动力与劳动力投入之间确实具有一定的替代关系,但目前农业劳动力投入量依然是影响我国粮食生产产量的重要因素,而农业机械替代劳动的作用不大。     

Soil microbial communities resistant to changes in plant functional group composition

The soil community is an often ignored part of research which links plant biodiversity and ecosystem functioning despite their influence on numerous functions such as decomposition and nutrient cycling. Few consistent patterns have been detected that link plant and soil community composition. We used a removal experiment in a northern Canadian grassland to examine the effects of plant functional group identity on soil microbial community structure and function. Plant functional groups (graminoids, legumes and forbs) were removed independently from plots for five growing seasons (2003-2007) and in the fifth year effects on the soil microbial community were examined using substrate-induced respiration (SIR - a measure of metabolic diversity) and phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA - a measure of microbial community composition). Removal treatments were also crossed with both a fertilizer treatment and a fungicide treatment to determine if effects of functional group identity on the soil community were context dependent. Plant functional group identity had almost no effect on the soil microbial community as measured by either SIR or PLFA. Likewise, soil properties including total carbon, pH, moisture and nutrients showed a limited response to plant removals in the fifth year after removals. We found a direct effect of fertilizer on the soil community, with fertilized plots having decreased metabolic diversity, with a decreased ability to metabolize amino acids and a phenolic acid, but there was no direct soil microbial response to fungicide. We show that in this northern Canadian grassland the soil microbial community is relatively insensitive to changes in plant functional group composition, and suggest that in northern ecosystems, where plant material is only slowly incorporated into the soil, five growing seasons may be insufficient to detect the impact of a changing plant community on the soil microbes.     

Dynamic modeling and control of a padder roller system

This is the first time in the literature dealing with the dynamic modeling and control of a rotating padder roller system. It is intended to design a control system with effective scheme and robustness to stabilize all vibration modes of a rotating padder roller system by using one set of sensor and actuator. The controller design depends on the specific pole-zero patterns. In practice, the pole-zero patterns remain the same, no matter how the physical system parameters are different. By properly placing the actuator and sensor, a realizable controller and sensor is designed to stabilize all the vibration modes and make the closed loop system absolutely stable. This will suppress the vibration without suffering from spillover and can eliminate an infinite number of vibration modes. The performance of this controller has been successfully implemented by computer simulation.