内蒙古贺兰山马鹿的种群数量及种群结构

为了掌握内蒙古贺兰山国家级自然保护区内马鹿(Cervus elaphus)的种群数量和种群结构,维护内蒙古贺兰山的生态平衡。于2017年11—12月,2018年4—6月、11—12月,2019年4—6月,在内蒙古贺兰山国家级自然保护区内,利用样线法对保护区内的马鹿进行调查,采用Distance R进行数据分析,估测种群数量和种群密度,并对种群结构进行探讨。研究发现,马鹿在2018年冬季种群数量最高约为2452(1678—3578)只,种群密度为3.705(2.539—5.048)只/km²,遇见率为1.943只/km。遇见率年际间变化不明显(F=0.12,P=0.986);混合群出现的次数最高,雄性群出现的次数最低,不同集群类型在不同季节的差异极显著(P<0.001);群大小在不同季节的差异不显著(P=0.132);雌雄比在不同季节中没有太大变化。     

A longitudinal study of oestrous characteristics and conception in tie-stalled and loose-housed Swedish dairy cows

The presence and importance of visual oestrous symptoms and the relation to conception, breed, housing system and milk yield were studied. Data were collected from a Swedish research herd during a 16-year period. Local, secondary and primary oestrous symptoms and an overall oestrus intensity score (OI) were studied. Decreasing trends in oestrous expression and conception rates (CR), and an increase in CR with more intensive oestrus, from 24% at OI score one (very week) to 54% at OI score five (very strong) were observed. The mean interval from first to last observed oestrus symptom was long with a large variation (54?±?SD?=?32?h). Generally, irrespectively of housing system, Swedish Red cows had higher CR, more intensive oestruses and longer oestrus durations compared to Swedish Holstein cows. Local oestrous symptoms, with CR of 24–28%, were most frequently detected, which is why more attention should be paid to local oestrous symptoms.     

红三叶多酚氧化酶特性的研究

红三叶(Trifolium pretense L.)多酚氧化酶仅作用于邻苯酚,与对苯酚、间苯酚和一元酚无作用,而且对不同的邻苯酚其活性也表现很大差异,其中以咖啡酸作底物时活性最大.红三叶多酚氧化酶反应的最适pH值为6.5～7.0,最适温度为25～30℃,50℃时热稳定性相对较好.     

Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.     

葡萄籽原花青素生物学功能及其在畜禽生产上应用的研究进展

原花青素是一类广泛存在于植物界的多酚化合物的总称,其中以葡萄籽的含量最为丰富。研究表明,葡萄籽原花青素(GSP)有多种生物学活性。笔者综述了GSP的清除自由基、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、降血脂等生物学功能研究及其在畜禽生产上的应用研究进展,提出了将GSP作为新型饲料添加剂以提高动物的免疫力、肉品品质和抗应激作用,为GSP进一步开发和利用提供参考。     

Modelling carbon dynamics in mixed grass–red clover swards

Growth and carbon dynamics in mixed grass–red clover leys were simulated using a growth model for pure stands based on radiation use, allocation within plant and loss of biomass. The model and its parameter values were taken from previous applications of the model to pure swards of grass and red clover grown in the same experiment at the same sites and years.     

成熟度对‘红地球’葡萄氨基酸营养价值的影响

【目的】探明不同成熟度对‘红地球’葡萄氨基酸营养价值的影响。【方法】以不同成熟度(盛花期后88~123 d)的‘红地球’葡萄为试材,测定果实氨基酸含量。同时,以鸡蛋蛋白质为标准蛋白,WHO/FAO氨基酸参考模式为评价标准,进行氨基酸营养价值评估。【结果】‘红地球’葡萄至少包含18种氨基酸,包括8种必需氨基酸、2种儿童必需氨基酸。氨基酸含量随着采摘期变化而变化,其中必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、儿童必需氨基酸、药用氨基酸、支链氨基酸、增香与着色氨基酸、伯胺基氨基酸、特殊功效氨基酸含量(w,后同)分别为557.3~659.7、1 176.3~1 690.8、326.8~703.8、1 130.0~1 644.1、231.7~285.3、926.1~1 404.8、1 126.0~1 609.0、1 032.9~1 510.7 mg·kg^-1,组间差异显著(p <0.05),在完全成熟期Ⅰ达到峰值;精氨酸、天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸等风味氨基酸含量与其味觉阈值的比值分别介于2.62~6.31、4.50~5.47和4.64~6.09,随着采摘期的延长呈先升后降变化趋势。氨基酸评分、化学评分和氨基酸比值系数分依次为11.33~14.07、18.32~4.43、49.70~57.04。苯丙氨酸等8种氨基酸含量相对不足,赖氨酸和苏氨酸含量相对过剩。【结论】不同成熟度对‘红地球’葡萄氨基酸含量及其营养价值影响显著。     

茶条槭红色叶红色素稳定液的配比

采用3种有机酸加入适量的渗透剂配制混合稳定液,对茶条槭Acer ginnala Maxim．红色叶进行红色素稳定处理,在该混合稳定液的浸泡下,使茶条槭红色叶的红色素稳定,压制干燥后与新鲜叶片颜色相近。从而使茶条槭红色叶在材性方面取得较大的改善,扩大了压花画的材质资源。     

阳光玫瑰与浪漫红颜葡萄特性比较

近几年,阳光玫瑰葡萄种植效益明显突出于其它品种,发展势头迅猛,但由于品种特性,需要精品栽培,管理不好容易造成品质不佳,售价不高,去年,浪漫红颜葡萄又走进种植户视野,很多农户就种植阳光玫瑰还是浪漫红颜犹豫不决,本文就浪漫红颜葡萄与阳光玫瑰葡萄的相同、相似特性,浪漫红颜葡萄优于阳光玫瑰葡萄的特性,阳光玫瑰葡萄优于浪漫红颜葡萄的特性3方面进行了详细比较,并针对性提出建议,对指导农户品种选择有着较好的影响。     

外源褪黑素对‘红地球’葡萄采后贮藏品质的影响

研究不同浓度的外源褪黑素对‘红地球’葡萄采后品质的影响,为葡萄保鲜技术提供一定的数据支撑和理论依据。以‘红地球’葡萄品种为试验材料,采用不同浓度0μmol/L（ck）、50μmol/L（T1）、100μmol/L（T2）、200μmol/L（T3）、400μmol/L（T4）的外源褪黑素浸泡‘红地球’葡萄果实0.5 h,常温贮藏,测定果实的失重率、硬度、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、Vc、PPO、POD、MDA等指标的变化。结果表明,贮藏到第16 d时,ck组霉变严重,失重率达到35.4%,而外源褪黑素处理组均只有轻微霉点,失重率为23.8%~33.2%,且可溶性糖、MDA、PPO、POD含量均显著低于ck组;果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、Vc等含量均显著高于ck组。说明外源褪黑素延缓‘红地球’葡萄在贮藏过程中因氧化而引起的果实霉变,维持葡萄果实储藏期间的品质,保持果实良好的口感,其中,以浓度为100 μmol/L的外源褪黑素贮藏保鲜效果最佳。